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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic effects of manganese deficiency in Aspergillus niger: evidence for increased protein degradation (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 266-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Manganese deficiency ; Aspergillus niger ; Citric acid accumulation ; Protein degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of manganese deficiency on macromolecule synthesis has been studied in a citric acid producing strain of Aspergillus niger: pulse labelling experiments showed that the synthesis of both protein and RNA was not influenced by the presence of manganese; however, increased protein degradation occurred under manganese deficiency. This was also reflected by the increased activity of an intracellular proteinase activity under these conditions. In replacement cultures addition of inhibitors of RNA, DNA or protein synthesis revealed that only emetine and cycloheximide (which both act at the ribosome) successfully antagonized the adverse effect of manganese ions on citric acid accumulation. Manganese deficiency was also characterized by a decreased portion of polysomes and 80 S ribosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408070
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field-electron emission from polyimide-ablated films (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55.Ng; 79.70.+q; 81.15.Fg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Polyimide-ablated film was deposited by using pulsed laser ablation of a polyimide target, and field-electron emission from the film was observed for the first time. The turn-on field of the polyimide-ablated film is 12 V/μm. The current density is 0.725 mA/cm2, and the emission sites density is on the order of 106/cm2 at the applied field of 24 V/μm. The field-electron emission measurements indicate that this kind of film could be a new cold cathode material. It is suggested that the graphite-like clusters contained in the film play an important role in the field-electron emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390000511
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential palatability of leaf litter to four sympatric isopods in a Hong Kong forest (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 84 (1990), S. 398-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Isopoda ; Litter quality ; Consumption rates ; Assimilation efficiency ; Feeding preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The feeding behaviour of four sympatric isopods from a Hong Kong forest has been investigated. The study included two armadillids (Formosillo raffaelei and Orodillo maculatus) and two philosciids (Burmoniscus ocellatus and Burmoniscus sp.). When given a choice of eight types of litter, all isopod species showed significant dietary selection, and food preferences were similar. Berchemia racemosa (Rhamnaceae) was most readily consumed, followed by Celtis sinensis (Ulmaceac), while feeding rates on Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) were low. The armadillids exhibited a narrower dietary spectrum than the philosciids. All isopods showed significant differences in consumption rates when each litter type was presented separately to them. Cinnamomum camphora was eaten the slowest, while Celtis sinensis and Berchemia racemosa were the top-ranked species. Although patterns of litter ranking based on percentage eaten or feeding rates were similar, all isopods ate more food when given a mixture of leaves than when presented with a single litter type. Assimilation rates were, in general, positively related to feeding rates. On this basis, it appears that assimilation may influence food preference. There were no clear relationships between food preference or feeding rates and ash, calcium, copper, soluble tannin or energy content of the litter. This finding may indicate the benefits of isopods maintaining a mixed diet, consuming certain litter species to meet their calcium or copper requirements and then switching to others so as to meet daily energy needs and to avoid excessive injection of tannins or plant allelochemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329766
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agronomic performance of lines derived from anther culture, maize pollination and single-seed descent in a spring wheat cross (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 432-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Wheat ; Maize ; Doubled haploid ; Anther culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Anther culture and maize hybridization are two frequently used techniques for doubled haploid production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Information on the field performance of lines derived from these techniques is limited. This study was conducted to compare the performance of F4:6 lines obtained by single-seed descent with lines obtained by anther culture and maize (Zea mays L.) pollination from the same cross of spring wheat, ’Chris’/MN 7529. Thirty-three lines derived from each of those techniques were evaluated in six environments for grain yield, protein content, test weight, heading date, kernel weight and plant height. Mean performance of the single-seed descent lines exceeded performance of the anther culture lines for grain yield, kernel weight and plant height with no apparent differences for grain protein content, test weight and heading date. No differences between trait means for the single-seed descent and maize pollination lines were found except for plant height. The best 5 lines from each method for grain yield, protein content and test weight were similar in performance except that the protein content was higher for the maize pollination lines than for the single-seed descent lines. Acceptable levels of agronomic performance could be found among lines from each method. Wide acceptance of the doubled haploid technique for pure line production in breeding programs may, however, be limited by the often poor efficiency of doubled haploid line production, resulting in smaller population sizes for selection of desirable traits in comparison to the single-seed descent method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051254
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering mechanisms of charge carriers in transparent conducting oxide films (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 73.50. ; h; 73.50.Bk; 73.61.Ga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Scattering mechanisms of charge carriers in Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) films have been analyzed theoretically. For the degenerate polycrystalline TCO films with relatively large crystallite sizes and high carrier concentrations (higher than 5×1018 cm-3), the depletion layers between crystallites are very thin compared to the crystallite sizes, and the grain boundary scattering on electrical carriers makes a small contribution to limit the mobility of the films. Instead of thermionic emission current, a tunneling current dominates the electron transport over grain boundaries. The Petritz model which is based on thermionic emission and extensively quoted in literature should not be applicable. The main scattering mechanisms for the TCO films are ionized impurity scattering in the low-temperature range and lattice vibration scattering in the high-temperature range. The ionized impurity scattering mobility is independent of temperature and the mobility due to thermal lattice vibration scattering is inversely proportional to the temperature. The results obtained from Hall measurements on our ZnO, ITO, SnO2 and SnO2:F films prepared with various methods supports the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050328
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering mechanisms of charge carriers in transparent conducting oxide films (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.50. - h ; 73.50.Bk ; 73.61.Ga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scattering mechanisms of charge carriers in Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) films have been analyzed theoretically. For the degenerate polycrystalline TCO films with relatively large crystallite sizes and high carrier concentrations (higher than 5 × 1018 cm−3), the depletion layers between crystallites are very thin compared to the crystallite sizes, and the grain boundary scattering on electrical carriers makes a small contribution to limit the mobility of the films. Instead of thermionic emission current, a tunneling current dominates the electron transport over grain boundaries. The Petritz model which is based on thermionic emission and extensively quoted in literature should not be applicable. The main scattering mechanisms for the TCO films are ionized impurity scattering in the low-temperature range and lattice vibration scattering in the high-temperature range. The ionized impurity scattering mobility is independent of temperature and the mobility due to thermal lattice vibration scattering is inversely proportional to the temperature. The results obtained from Hall measurements on our ZnO, ITO, SnO2 and SnO2:F films prepared with various methods supports the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567122
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assembly of two-dimensional ordered monolayers of nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 682-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Monolayer ; Gold nanoparticles ; Silver ; Rare-earth carbonate ; Electrophoretic deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this article the effect of field strength, temperature and square-wave pulse on the deposition structure of gold nanoparticles is investigated and 2D structures of silver and two kinds of rare-earth carbonate particles are synthesized by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The results indicate that EPD is a general phenomenon that occurs on the electrode/sol interface and that the EPD method may be developed for the assembling of 2D structures of nanoparticles. On the other hand, the results also show that the composition and surface condition as well as the size distribution of the particles can affect the order of the particles in the monolayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000324
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to stripe rust in Triticum turgidum, T. tauschii and their synthetic hexaploids (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 82 (1995), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum turgidum ; wheat ; Triticum tauschii ; synthetic hexaploid ; Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; rust resistance ; yellow rust ; Aegilops squarrosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.) of 34 Triticum turgidum L. var.durum, 278 T. tauschii, and 267 synthetic hexaploid wheats (T. turgidum x T. tauschii) was evaluated at the seedling stage in the greenhouse and at the adult-plant stage at two field locations. Mexican pathotype 14E14 was used in all studies. Seedling resistance, expressed as low infection type, was present in all three species. One hundred and twenty-eight (46%) accessions of T. tauschii, 8 (23%) of T. turgidum and 31 (12%) of synthetic hexaploid wheats were highly resistant as seedlings. In the field tests, resistance was evaluated by estimating area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Synthetic hexaploid wheats showed a wide range of variability for disease responses in both greenhouse and field tests, indicating the presence of a number of genes for resistance. In general, genotypes with seedling resistance were also found to be resistant as adult plants. Genotypes, which were susceptible or intermediate as seedlings but resistant as adult plants, were present in both T. turgidum and the synthetic hexaploids. Resistances from either T. turgidum or T. tauschii or both were identified in the synthetic hexaploids in this study. These new sources of resistance could be incorporated into cultivated hexaploid wheats to increase the existing gene pool of resistance to stripe rust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027057
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to stripe rust in durum wheats, A-genome diploids, and their amphiploids (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum turgidum ; T. monococcum ; T. boeoticum ; T. urartu ; wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; rust resistance ; amphiploid ; suppressors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.) is a wheat disease of worldwide importance. Seedlings of 75 accessions of Triticum boeoticum, 12 of T. monococcum, 16 of T. urartu, 230 of durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum), and 128 amphiploids (genome AAAABB) involving the crosses of the three diploid species (AA) with T. turgidum (AABB) were evaluated in the greenhouse for their reaction to P. striiformis race 14E14. Durum wheats and the amphiploids were also evaluated at two field locations in Mexico with the same race for their adult plant response. Resistant seedling reactions (infection types: 0-3 on a 0-9 scale) were seen for 10 (13%) accessions of T. boeticum, 19 (8%) accessions of T. turgidum and 32 (25%) amphiploids. The remaining accessions were either moderately resistant (ITs 4-6) or susceptible (ITs 7-9). The three amphiploids derived from the crosses of seedling resistant T. boeoticum and T. turgidum, were resistant as seedlings. Among the 51 amphiploids involving one resistant parent, 29 were resistant and the remaining 22 displayed intermediate to susceptible reactions. Suppressors for resistance were common in the A and AB genomes and suppression was resistance gene specific. Forty-five (20%) durums showed adequate field resistance (relative AUDPC 〈10% of the susceptible check ‘Morocco’). These included the 19 seedling resistant durums. Presence of genes involved in adult plant resistance was evident, because 26 of the remaining adult plant resistant durums had displayed intermediate-susceptible seedling reactions. Though the seedling reactions of the amphiploids varied from low to high, all involving the adult plant resistant durums possessed adequate field resistance. The resistant, newly produced, AAAABB amphiploids are useful genetic resources for stripe rust resistance which could be transferred to the cultivated T. turgidum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002979706378
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression/expression of resistance to stripe rust in synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum turgidum×T. tauschii) (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: hexaploid wheat ; rust resistance ; suppressors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seventy-four hexaploid wheats, synthesized by either crossing resistantTriticum turgidum L. var.durum with susceptible/intermediateT. tauschii or susceptible/intermediateT. turgidum with resistantT. tauschii, and their parents were evaluated as seedlings in the greenhouse and as adult-plants at two field locations in Mexico for resistance to pathotype 14E14 of stripe (or yellow) rust (caused byPuccinia striiformis Westend). The seedlings of different synthetic hexaploids showed high phenotypic diversity for resistance. However, the resistance level of only 15 of the 74 synthetic hexaploid wheats were similar to the low infection types of the respective donor parents. The remaining synthetic wheats displayed either intermediate or high infection types. A similar result was also obtained in field tests, where only 18 synthetic hexaploids were resistant as adult-plants. In general, genotypes with seedling resistance were also resistant as adult-plants. A few synthetic hexaploids, which displayed intermediate or susceptible infection types as seedlings were resistant as adult-plants, indicating that additional genes for adult-plant resistance were also present. The fact that resistance of some donor parents was not expressed, or only partially expressed, in a synthetic hexaploid background suggests the presence of suppressor genes in the both the A or B, and D genomes ofT. turgidum andT. tauschii, respectively. The resistance of a donor parent was expressed in a synthetic hexaploid only if the corresponding suppressor was absent in the second parent. Moreover, the suppressors appeared to be resistance gene specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678034
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