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  • Springer  (67)
  • Oxford University Press  (15)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of K+ and other cations across phospholipid membranes by nonesterified fatty acids (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Fatty acids ; Liposomes ; Cation transport ; Membrane transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The rate of change of internal pH and transmembrane potential has been monitored in liposomes following the external addition of various cation salts. Oleic acid increases the transmembrane movement of H+ following the imposition of a K+ gradient. An initial fast change in internal pH is seen followed by a slower rate of alkalinization. High concentrations of the fatty acid enhance the rate comparable to that seen in the presence of nigericin in contrast to the effect of FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p-(tri-fluoromethoxy)phenyl hydrazone) which saturates at an intermediate value. The ability of nonesterified fatty acids to catalyze the movement of cations across the liposome membrane increases with the degree of unsaturation and decreases with increasing chain length. Li and Na salts cause a similar initial fast pH change but have less effect on the subsequent slower rate. Similarly, the main effect of divalent cation salts is on the initial fast change. The membrane potential can enhance or inhibit cation transport depending on its polarity with respect to the cation gradient. It is concluded that nonesterified fatty acids have the capability to complex with, and transport, a variety of cations across phospholipid bilayers. However, they do not act simply as proton/cation exchangers analogous to nigericin nor as protonophores analogous to FCCP. The full cycle of ionophoric action involves a combination of both functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232870
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personality and theophylline pharmacokinetics (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 429-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; asthma ; personality measures ; pharmacokinetics ; volunteers ; patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen volunteers received an iv dose of theophylline followed by blood sampling for 8 h to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Ten patients with asthma undergoing chronic dosing with slow release aminophylline underwent 12 h of blood sampling to calculate theophylline clearance. Both groups completed an Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) from which was derived scores for neuroticism (N) and extroversion (E). Using multiple regression analysis no independent effect of either N or E score on theophylline clearance or half-life could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544362
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The disposition of inhaled lysine theophylline in volunteers (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 635-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; inhalation ; saliva-serum distribution ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six healthy volunteers received an iv infusion of 317 mg lysine theophylline (equivalent to 197 mg anhydrous theophylline) in order to calculate theophylline clearance by standard methods. They subsequently received a 20 minute inhalation of nebulised lysine theophylline. Serum and salivary theophylline concentrations were measured and all saliva was collected for the first hour. From these concentrations estimates were made of the distribution of theophylline into the blood and saliva with 40% to 94% identified in the blood. Very high salivary concentrations were reached during the inhalation phase with saliva: serum concentration ratios of between 60 and 1600.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between clearance of theophylline and age within the adult age range (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline clearance ; age ; adult age range ; normal subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty volunteers aged between 20 and 57 years were given 197 mg of theophylline (as lysine theophylline) by iv infusion over 5 minutes to test the hypothesis that within the adult age range theophylline clearance declines with age. Samples were assayed for theophylline using the EMIT assay and clearance was determined by standard methods. Clearance values were 0.73 ml/min/kg below age 38 years and 0.75 ml/min/kg at and above age 38 years. Multiple regression analysis using age as a continuous variable showed no relationship between age and clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor, Infant Growth, and Adult Bone Mass (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 233 -235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone density — Vitamin D receptor — Polymorphism — Growth — Genetic.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Family and twin studies have demonstrated a strong genetic component to the development of peak bone mass. Early fetal and infant environment has also been shown to influence bone mass through an effect on skeletal size and mineral content. We report a retrospective study that has examined whether early infant growth is regulated by genetic factors shown to be associated with bone mass. We have determined the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene alleles for 66 women (mean age 65.5 years) on whom detailed birth records were available. There was a statistically significant trend (P= 0.04) for VDR genotype against weight at the age of 1 year, with the ``tt'' homozygote group having 7% higher weight. We conclude that early fetal or infant environment may interact with an individual's underlying genotype to program early skeletal growth, and that this may track through later life to influence adult characteristics. Further prospective studies are required, however, to fully clarify the precise environmental and genetic mechanisms underlying these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900220
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relationship Between Childhood Growth, Bone Mass, and Muscle Strength in Male and Female Adolescents (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 405 -409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Bone mineral content — Childhood growth — Dual X-ray absorptiometry — Muscle strength.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this population-based study, the relationship between childhood weight and height, and adolescent bone mass and muscle strength have been studied in 39 girls and 48 boys. Total body and femoral neck bone mass measurements (bone mineral content, BMC and bone mineral density, BMD) were made by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Quadriceps muscle strength was measured. Mean age at the time of measurement was 15.1 years for girls and boys. Results were individually linked to data on childhood (birth to 6 years of age) weight and height, taken from community health records. Childhood weight was found to be predictive of adolescent total body BMC (TBMC). However, this was not the case when correlating childhood weight and total body BMD (TBMD), suggesting that growth determines the size of the skeleton, whereas the density within that bone envelope is to a greater extent governed by other factors. Further, in a multiple regression model we found that the combined effect of childhood weight and height was significantly correlated with adolescent quadriceps muscle strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900253
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Bone Loss at the Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck: The Taiji Study (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone metabolic markers — Predictor — Osteoporosis — Epidemiology — Bone mineral density.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone loss. The survey was carried out in Taiji, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. From a list of inhabitants aged 40–79 years, 400 participants (50 men and 50 women in each of four age groups) were selected randomly. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured, and blood and urine samples of all participants were examined to obtain values for eight biochemical markers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone Gla protein (BGP), type I procollagen (carboxyterminal peptide of type I procollagen; PICP), cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (ICTP), and urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), pyridinoline (Pyr), and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr). Each marker was evaluated as a predictor of the rate of bone change in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD over a 3-year period. The value of Pyr was significantly related to the change of lumbar spine BMD in men (P= 0.009), and that of BGP was found to be significant in women (P= 0.045). By contrast, none of the bone markers significantly correlated with bone loss at the femoral neck. The coefficient of determination at the lumbar spine was 5% and 7% at the femoral neck only. We conclude that biochemical markers of bone turnover cannot predict bone loss rates in middle-aged or elderly Japanese men and women over a 3-year period with sufficient accuracy for use in clinical decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900682
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of channel incision on base flow stream habitats and fishes (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 43-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Streams ; Erosion ; Sediment ; Woody debris ; Channel degradation ; Habitat restoration ; Fish ; Diversity indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Channel incision is a widespread phenomenon that results in stream and riparian habitat degradation. Fishes and physical habitat variables were sampled at base flow from three incised stream channels and one reference stream in northwest Mississippi, USA, to quantify incision effects on fish habitat and provide a basis for habitat rehabilitation planning and design. Incised channels were sampled in spring and autumn; the reference channel was sampled only in the autumn. Incised channel habitat quality was inferior to the reference channel despite the presence of structures designed to restore channel stability. Incised channels had physical habitat diversity levels similar to a nonincised reference channel, but contained fewer types of habitat. At base flow, incised channels were dominated by shallow, sandy habitats, moderate to high mean local Froude numbers, and had relatively little organic debris in their beds. In contrast, the reference stream had greater mean water depth, contained more woody debris, and provided more deep pool habitat. Fish assemblages in incised channels were composed of smaller fishes representing fewer species relative to the reference site. Fish species richness was directly proportional to the mean local Froude number, an indicator of the availability of pool habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393749
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physics-based generation of gamma-ray response functions for CdZnTe detectors (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 233 (1998), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A physics-based approach to gamma-ray response-function generation is presented in which the response of CdZnTe detectors is modeled from first principles. Numerical modeling is used to generate response functions needed for spectrum analysis for general detector configurations (e.g., electrode design, detector materials and geometry, and operating conditions). With numerical modeling, requirements for calibration and characterization are significantly reduced. Elements of the physics-based model, including gamma-ray transport, charge carrier drift and diffusion, and circuit response, are presented. Calculated and experimental gamma-ray spectra are compared for a coplanar-grid CdZnTe detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389681
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel simulation of statistical multiplexers (1995)
    Springer
    Discrete event dynamic systems 5 (1995), S. 115-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: time-parallel simulation ; asynchronous transfer mode networks ; burst-level simulation ; statistical multiplexer ; cellloss ratio ; broadband integrated services digital network
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The simulation of high-speed telecommunication systems such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks has generally required excessively long run times. This paper reviews alternative approaches using parallelism to speed up simulations of discrete event systems, and telecommunication networks in particular. Subsequently, a new simulation method is introduced for the fast parallel simulation of a common network element, namely, a work-conserving finite capacity statistical multiplexer of bursty ON/OFF sources arriving on input links of equal peak rate. The primary performance measure of interest is the cell loss ratio, due to buffer overflows. The proposed method is based on two principal techniques: (1) the derivation of low-level (cell level) statistics from a higher level (burst level) simulation and (2) parallel execution of the burst level simulation program. For the latter, atime-division parallel simulation method is used where simulations operating at different intervals of simulated time are executed concurrently on different processors. Both techniques contribute to the overall speedup. Furthermore, these techniques support simulations that are driven by traces of actual network traffic (trace-driven simulation), in addition to standard models for source traffic. An analysis of this technique is described, indicating that it offers excellent potential for delivering good performance. Measurements of an implementation running on a 32 processor KSR-2 multiprocessor demonstrate that, for certain model parameter settings, the simulator is able to simulate up to 10 billion cell arrivals per second of wallclock time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01439037
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