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  • Springer  (1,317)
  • Oxford University Press  (191)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological properties of osteoblastlike cells from the cortical endosteal surface of rabbit long bones (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Membrane potential ; Electrolyte and protein contents ; Cell pH ; Cyclic AMP and hormonal preparations ; Endosteal bone cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The mean transmembrane potential of cultured osteoblastlike cells isolated from the cortical endosteal surface of rabbit long bones was −16.9±0.64 mV (n=335). Elevation of potassium concentration in medium caused a decrease in potential. As the external concentration of potassium reached 15 mmol/liter and above, there was a linear relationship between the potassium concentration in log scale and the membrane potential with a slope of −13 mV per 10-fold change in external potassium concentration. Dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, parathyroid extract, hydrocortisone, and sodium fluoride all depolarized the membrane of osteoblast-like cells after both short (1–2 h) and long (24 h) exposures at suitable doses, whereas calcitonin and prostaglandin E2 hyperpolarized the membrane after long exposures. The Na+, K+ and Cl− concentrations of cultured osteoblastlike cells were 0.538, 0.984, and 0.358 mmol/g protein or 52.6, 96.3, and 35.0 mmol/liter cell water, respectively. The protein content of these cells was 8.18±0.6 g/100 g cells and the water content was 83.7 g/100 g cells. The above-mentioned chemical and hormonal preparations in doses that produced significant changes in the membrane potential of these cultured cells did not alter their electrolyte or protein contents 24 h after exposure. Intracellular pH of cultured osteoblastlike cells as determined by [14C]-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione and3H2O averaged 7.03 ± 0.11 when the pH of culture medium was maintained at 7.4. Calculations based on the values for the membrane potential and the electrolyte concentrations observed in this study indicate that Na+, and H+, and Cl− are actively transported out of the cells and K+ into the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405352
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  • 2
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    Simultaneously Improving the Mechanical Properties, Dissolution Performance, and Hygroscopicity of Ibuprofen and Flurbiprofen by Cocrystallization with Nicotinamide (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Print ISSN: 0724-8741
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-904X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Study on the properties of a nanocrystal and polymer composite PbTiO3/PEK-c film with optical anisotropy (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
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    Highly Stabilized Curcumin Nanoparticles Tested in an In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Model and in Alzheimer’s Disease Tg2576 Mice (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-11
    Print ISSN: 1522-1059
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-7416
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesive developments in forest products (1983)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 17 (1983), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Historically, adhesive development has been a propelling force in the evolution of the forest product industry. The 1973 energy crisis has caused the wood industry to focus its attention on the necessity of adhesive self-sufficiency. Research in the use of bark, pulp waste liquor and foliage for adhesive application is rapidly spreading. In addition, many new adhesives have been proposed by the chemical industry as alternatives for wood bonding. Recently developed physiochemical analytical methods have been successfully applied to this adhesive research area and to durability evaluation. However, there are still enormous difficulties in developing a durable natural product adhesive of low variability as well as a unified international interpretation of bond durability. Phenolic resins have weathered the energy crisis and are gaining importance in the industry. Some examples of recent contributions from phenolic-resin research to panel board and lumber end-joint developments will be discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351828
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wettability of four Asian meranti species (1984)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 18 (1984), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The wettability of four Asian meranti species (dark red, light red, white, and yellow) in various liquids was studied by a cone-immersion technique. Wettability was expressed in terms of the area under the force-immersion curve and referred to as the wettability index. Wettability was strongly influenced by the pH of the solution, generally increasing with increasing pH. Surfactant type affected wettability, with the cationic type yielding the greatest wettability followed by anionic and nonionic types. Among the liquids used, distilled water gave the lowest, and acetone-isopropyl alcohol solution gave the greatest wettability. Of the meranti species, yellow meranti showed the greatest wettability, followed by white, light red, and dark red meranti. A plot of the relative amount of liquid absorbed into the wood sample versus wettability index yielded two regions, one attributed mainly to liquid trapped in crevices on the wood surface, and another which may be more indicative of wood-liquid interactions. A highly significant linear correlation between wettability index and liquid surface tension was found for those species with low and medium wettability, while that with high wettability showed no correlation. A new empirical approach of determining the critical surface tension of wood is discussed. Limited data for the present method indicated close agreement with result from the literature obtained by the use of the well-known Zisman's contact angle approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350467
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermo-directional movement of wood and wood composites (1994)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 28 (1994), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Thermal movement of wood and wood composites was studied and compared with that of random and oriented phenolic foams. Cell orientation was a dominate factor determining the thermal response of these structures. In dried wood, thermal movement in the direction parallel to the cells (longitudinal) decreased in dimension during heating while the radial and tangential directions expanded under similar heating condition. Oriented foams showed more restraint in thermal movement in the parallel to orientation direction. These findings indicate constraining forces act on the direction parallel to the cells while more flexibility exists in perpendicular directions. Wood element size and orientation and the manufacturing process also influence the thermal response in wood composites. The experimental results also revealed the potential fire hazard of waferboard type of composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193327
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bending creep behavior of Acer Saccharum marsh veneered medium-density fiberboard composite (1982)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 16 (1982), S. 203-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary This study was to determine the effects of shelling ratio (SR) 0.200, 0.314, and 0.400, relative humidity (RH) 50, 64, 78, and 92 percent, and temperature (T) 10°C, 24°C, and 38°C, on the initial elastic (YE) deformation, irrecoverable creep (YIR) and creep deformations (YC) of sugar maple-veneered-medium-density fiberboard (MDF) composite panels 16 mm thick, 229 by 584 mm in size for the purpose of developing a hardwood composite. This composite would possess creep resistance comparable to conventional softwood plywood and lumber. The YE, YC, and YIR of all composite panels were significantly (at 0.05 level) affected by the SR, RH, and T in this study. However, no differences in creep deformations were found in all specimens between the SR of 0.314 and 0.400, between the RH of 50 and 64 percent, and between the T of 10°C and 24°C conditions. Composite panels with an SR value of 0.314 and 0.400 had YC values approaching that of maple lumber. Panels with SR value of 0.200 displayed lower average YE, YC, and YIR values than those of the Douglas-fir plywood. The effect of T on creep deformation was small when compared to the effects of SR and RH. The YIR accounted for almost 2/3 of the YC for all composite panels. Predicted YE, YC, and YIR values obtained from the multiple regression models predict very well the observed test values. The creep behavior of the composites was explained well by a power-law equation in log-log form for periods of 2 to 10 minutes and 10 to 100 minutes. Reasonable approximations of YC at 2-week intervals were made by extrapolating the short-term creep test results of 10 to 100 minutes log-log regression analysis oor the veneered-MDF composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353869
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectral characteristics and surface inactivation of wood at high temperatures (1971)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 5 (1971), S. 27-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Spectra resulting from chemical changes in white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] microsections heated in air or nitrogen at high temperatures (100 to 240°C) were continuously recorded on an infrared spectrophotometer. A significant change occurred in the intensity of the 1730 cm-1 band which indicates a carbonyl absorption of carboxyl and ester groups of wood. This intensity initially decreased and the increased at a greater rate. The time periods to reach the minimum inflection point, termed the times to initiate a significant oxidative carboxylation or oxidation, showed a good curvilinear relationship with heating temperatures. Quantification of this time-temperature relationship required to reach a significant level of oxidation was achieved, using wood microsections that had extractives removed to varying degrees. It was concluded that the extractives served only as catalysts for oxidation. When drying wood at temperatures over 180°C, in addition to oxidation, pyrolytic degradation occurred. Chemical evidence was further confirmed by tests of plywood panels bonded with phenolformaldehyde glue. Three separate types of veneers were investigated—non-extracted, acetone extracted, and veneer with the surface chemically stabilized by treatment with sodium borohydride. The results suggest that the time period to reach a significant level of oxidative carboxylation is also the time period to initiate a wood surface inactivated to polymer adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363118
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die geometrische Theorie der algebraischen Funktionen für beliebige vollkommene Körper (1937)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 114 (1937), S. 655-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01594203
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