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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TEMPO-oxidation of cellulose: Synthesis and characterisation of polyglucuronans (2000)
    Springer
    Cellulose 7 (2000), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Schlagwort(e): cellulose ; dissolution ; selective TEMPO oxidation ; polyglucuronic acid ; NMR spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract A series of pseudo amorphous cellulose samples were reacted with catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine oxoammonium salt (TEMPO), sodium hypochlorite and sodium bromide in water. In all samples the primary alcohol groups were selectively oxidised into carboxyl groups, and several water-soluble polyglucuronic acid sodium salts were obtained with different molecular weights. With this reaction system, the degradation of the amorphous cellulose samples may be minimized, provided the oxidation is performed at 4 °C and at constant pH 10, with controlled amounts of TEMPO and sodium hypochlorite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009276009711
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neutron activation analysis of human tissues, organs and body fluids to describe the interaction of orthopaedic implants made of cobalt-chromium alloy with the patients organisms (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 113 (1987), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In order to describe the impact of corrosion of medical implants on the trace element balance of man samples of blood, serum and of a variety of tissues and organs were analysed for their trace element composition using instrumental neutron activation techniques. By the analysis of blood and serum the trace element status after long-term implantation as well as its dependence on time after implantation was investigated. Using autopsy samples of human organs such as heart, spleen, liver, of aorta and of lymphatic tissue from the lower pelvis transport and storage of the corrosion products was studided. These investigations were supplemented by a comprehensive study of “normal” human blood, serum, tissues and organs from patients without implants. The results demonstrate that there are high enrichments of corrosion products in several tissues and organs and that also blood and serum reveal the presence of the metal implants in the trace element levels, increasing shortly after implantation and pertaining during the entire implantation time. Thus the corrosion of metallic implants is a process not only affecting tissues from the vicinity of the implants but also influencing the trace element balance of the entire organism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036050
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of Iodine-129 in Environmental Materials: Quality Assurance and Applications (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The long-lived radionuclide 129I (T 1/2 = 15.7 My) occurs in the nature in very low concentrations. Since the middle of our century the environmental levels of 129I have been dramatically changed as a consequence of civil and military use of nuclear fission. Its investigation in environmental materials is of interest for environmental surveillance, retrospective dosimetry and for the use as a natural and man-made fracers of environmental processes. We are comparing two analytical methods which presently are capable of determining 129I in environmental materials, namely radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Emphasis is laid upon the quality control and detection capabilities for the analysis of 129I in environmental materials. Some applications are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006754418805
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quality Assurance of Nuclear Analytical Techniques Based on Bayesian Characteristic Limits (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 245 (2000), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Based on Bayesian statistics, characteristic limits such as decision threshold, detection limit and confidence limits can be calculated taking into account all sources of experimental uncertainties. This approach separates the complete evaluation of a measurement according to the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement from the determination of the characteristic limits. Using the principle of maximum entropy the characteristic limits are determined from the complete standard uncertainty of the measurand.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006781331116
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sustainable Water Management through Flexible Method Management (2000)
    Springer
    Water resources management 14 (2000), S. 473-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): analytic methods ; model management ; project management ; water management
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Water management projects are complex and contain many dimensions, including the nature of the problem, technologicalchallenges, and political relevance. Experts and consultants in water management usually work with a limited set of analysis and project planning methods. This implies that expertsand consultants have a restricted spectrum for bidding on watermanagement projects and that the engagement of a specific expertor consultant introduces a biased approach to water management.To alleviate these limitations, experts and consultants shouldhave a readily accessible collection of analysis and project management methods at their disposal, coupled with guidelinesfor combining these methods to best approach a water managementproject. In this paper we propose a taxonomy for classifying methods used in water management. Using this taxonomy, we derivea Project Management Specification Model (PMSM) to help expertsselect, combine, and operationalize methods to match best therequirements posed by a project. The taxonomy and PMSM were derived and validated by analyzing more than 90 methods togetherwith experts in the field of water management, and by using themwithin two new project proposals made by an engineering company.We could conclude that PMSM's broad view on water managementhelps experts and consultants choose flexible analysis and project management approaches, and that it increases the involvement of, and acceptance by, all parties involved in water management.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011105008526
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Protonaegleria westphali gen. nov., sp. nov. (Vahlkampfiidae) a thermophilic amoebo-flagellate isolated from freshwater habitat in India (1985)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 71 (1985), S. 705-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Protonaegleria westphali gen. nov. sp. nov., a free-living thermophilic amoeba of the family Vahlkampfiidae, isolated from a ditch near Bombay, India, is described. Amoebae moving by eruptive pseudopodial bulges were grown on agar plates. The division pattern of their nuclei was promitotic. In amoeba saline they transformed to flagellate stage with usually four flagella. In contrast toTetramitus the stage ofP. westphali flagellate has no cytostome. The large cysts produced by trophic amoebae only, are of theNaegleria type having prominent pores sealed with mucous plugs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00926796
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of the amoebo-flagellate Protonaegleria westphali (1987)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1987), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Investigation of the ultrastructure of Protonaegleria westphali has been carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). SEM investigation demonstrated much enlarged trophozoites, flagellates and cysts corresponding to those under light microscopical observation. In situ fixation of moving trophozoites revealed attachment to the substratum by many uroidal and lateral filopodia. The typical flagellate stage has four flagella inserted two by two at the anterior pole of the cell. The smooth wall of cysts had prominent pores sealed by a mucous plug. Apart from their greater size, trophozoites and cysts resemble those of the genus Naegleria. Mitochondria are not as elongated as in the case of Naegleria; rather, they are round. The cyst is surrounded by a thick, layered endocyst (0.2–0.5 Μm) and a delicate ecotcyst loosely apposed to the endocyst. Both walls join at the region of the prominent pores, forming a characteristically thick collar. This, together with the pore structure (up to 1.0 Μm in diameter) places the amoeba in group I of N. gruberi, according to Pussard and Pons (1979). The flagellate state usually has four flagella which are anchored firmly by a prominent flagellar apparatus or mastigont at the anterior pole of the cell, comparable to that of the genus Tetramitus. The flagella show a typical 9+2 arrangement of microtubules (MT) and are surrounded by a sheath which is continuous with the cell membrane. Main elements of the mastigont could be demonstrated as typical kinetosomes of 0.75 Μm length. Each is closely associated with the cross-striated rhizoplast located perpendicular to it. The rhizoplasts, 2.5 Μm long and 70 nm in diameter, are directed towards the nucleus and terminate freely within the cytoplasm. Fibrillar sheaves or spurs, 0.4–0.6 Μm long and consisting of a single row of parallel microtubules with relatively heavy walls, are closely connected, with the kinetosomes as a supporting structure. The microtubules of the spurs are oriented parallel to the axis of the kinetosome. In contrast to the flagellates of Naegleria, those of the genus Protonaegleria are enveloped by parallel subpellicular MT spaced up to 85 nm apart and extending from the leading end of the cell to its rear. The nucleus of flagellates containing a large nucleolus was comparable to that of the trophozoite. Mitotic stages were not seen in the sections, nor was a cytostome as described in Tetramitus flagellates. The relationships of flagellates and of the genera Tetramitus and Naegleria are discussed with respect to their common features. We assume that Protonaegleria is related more closely to Naegleria than to Tetramitus, due to the morphological characteris of the flagellates and cysts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00534927
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of dimethylsulfoxide and the deep-freezing process on the infectivity, motility, and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma cruzi (1988)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1988), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, final concentration 5%) and the deep-freezing process on the infectivity (ID50), motility, and ultrastructure of nontreated and DMSO-treated Trypanosoma cruzi suspensions (PSG-3 buffer with 10% horse serum) were investigated prior to and after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. DMSO equilibration caused distinct suppression of motility and characteristic, fine structural alterations in numerous organelles, such as myelin-like structures in the cytoplasm and/or inside the mitochondrial apparatus, enlargement of the perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial cristae, as well as condensation of the kinetoplast with loss of its lamellar structure. There was no evidence of loss of infectivity in DMSO-treated parasites. DMSO-treated and deep-frozen organisms showed, however, very similar fine structural alterations, although damage occurring during freezing and thawing was more pronounced. Apart from the frequently enlarged kinetoplast and the loosening of its mitochondrial matrix, numerous trypanosomes revealed total disintegration of the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex with loss of its whole matrix. Deep-frozen trypanosomes were significantly less infective to mice than nontreated organisms, and their motility was strongly suppressed. These results suggest that cryopreservation and thawing of T. cruzi may lead to severe damage of the mitochondrial apparatus and thus to heavy disorders of metabolic function, exhaustion of the metabolic pool, and finally, to death of such damaged trypanosomes, despite the use of DMSO as a cryoprotective agent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539450
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural changes ofTrichomonas vaginalis prior and after cyropreservation (1985)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 71 (1985), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fine structural changes ofTrichomonas vaginalis are described prior and after the freezing process in liquid nitrogen. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) used as the cryoprotectant caused distinet alterations of the cytoplasm when trichomonads were equilibrated with 5% DMSO under various experimental conditions. Changes were bubble-like protrusions, fissuration and/or vacuolation of the cytoplasm, doubling and removal or/and rupture of the cell membrane. Apart from these findings cryopreservation caused marked alterations on the hydrogenosomes, such as condensation and flocculence of the usually homogenous contents; in addition numerous hydrogenosomes fused while loosing membrane at the site of fusion. However, several parasites revealed normal hydrogenosomes after the freezing process. It is assumed that these organisms survived freezing and thawing as demonstrated by successful cultivation of recovered trichomonads.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928329
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Survey of plasmids inClostridium butyricum andClostridium beijerinckii strains from different origins and different phenotypes (1985)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 12 (1985), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A total of 50Clostridium butyricum strains from clinical and nonclinical sources and 14C. beijerinckii strains originating from dairy products were analyzed for their plasmid content, antibiotic resistance, and bacteriocinogenic activity. The incidence of antibiotic resistance and presence of plasmidic DNA was more widespred among theC. butyricum strains from clinical source than among theC. beijerinckii strains, all of the originating from dairy products. In many of theC. butyricum strains, a small plasmid of 4.5 megadaltons was encountered. No relation was found between the plasmid pattern, the antibiotic resistance, the geographic localization of the isolates, or the clinical condition of the patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567668
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