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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixture of ε-caprolactone-lactide copolymer and tricalcium phosphate: a histological and immunohistochemical study of tissue reactions (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In cranio-maxillofacial surgery, bone transplantation is needed for treatment of bony defects. An autograft, allograft or biomaterial can be used. Autogenous bone grafts are considered to be the best materials available, but there are some disadvantages in their use including donorsite morbidity, need for a second operative site and limited graft supply. A search for new bone-graft materials therefore remains necessary. We prepared a mixture of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), which is a resorbable, non-toxic, osteoconductive ceramic material and ε-caprolactone-lactide copolymer P(ε-CL/DL-LA), a resorbable polymer, and placed it in the dermis and in mandibular bone defects in 13 rabbits. Follow-up times were two, three, seven, eight, 12, 15 and 18 weeks, tissue reactions were assessed, histologically and immunohistochemically. Times of resorption of the material from tissues were reported. We found that the mixture caused a mild inflammatory reaction when placed in bone and severe inflammation when placed in dermis. No highly fluorescent layer of tenascin or fibronectin was found surrounding the implant area. The mixture was excellent to handle and very easy to place into bone defects. The results are promising and have led us to continue development of the mixture. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008912802263
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Tamoxifen and Toremifene on Urinary Excretion of Pyridinoline and Deoxypyridinoline and Bone Density in Postmenopausal Patients with Breast Cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Breast cancer — Tamoxifen — Toremifene — Osteoporosis — Pyridinoline — Deoxypyridinoline.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Tamoxifen and toremifene are two mostly used antiestrogens in the treatment of breast cancer. To compare their effect on bone in postmenopausal breast cancer patients we measured the urinary output of two bone resorption markers, pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) as well as bone density (BMD) in 30 breast cancer patients using either tamoxifen (20 mg/day, n = 15) or toremifene (40 mg/day, n = 15) as adjuvant treatment of stage II breast cancer for 1 year. The urinary output of Pyr and Dpyr were assessed before and after 6 and 12 months of the antiestrogen regimen. Lumbar and femoral BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after 12 months of treatment. Both tamoxifen and toremifene were associated with significant decreases in Pyr (mean fall 19.6% and 12.6%, respectively) and Dpyr (mean fall 21.6% and 15.5%, respectively) at 6 months. After 12 months' treatment, Pyr decreased by 30.8% and Dpyr by 21.2% in women using tamoxifen and significantly less in women using toremifene (10.1% and 4.9%, respectively). BMD in the lumbar spine decreased by 1.8% in the toremifene group but increased by 0.4% in the tamoxifen group; in the proximal femur, BMD increased slightly during both tamoxifen and toremifene treatment in all sites measured. Individual changes in Pyr and Dpyr at 6 months showed no significant relation to the change in BMD at 12 months. We conclude that tamoxifen (20 mg/day) and toremifene (40 mg/day) reduce the bone resorption similarly, and this can be detected by falls in urinary output of Pyr and Dpyr at 6 months of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900714
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of elements in biotite-hornblende pairs and in an orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene pair from zoned plutons, northern Sierra Nevada, California (1971)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 30 (1971), S. 161-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Distribution of major and minor elements has been determined for five hornblende-biotite pairs from hornblende-biotite quartz diorite and monzotonalite and for a clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene pair from pyroxene diorite collected from the border zones and centers of zoned plutons in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. The distribution coefficients K d [Mg/Fe] for biotite/hornblende are of the same magnitude (0.61–0.67) for both the mafic border zone and the silicic center. For comparison, K D [Mg/Fe] values for biotite/hornblende from plutonic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada and the southern California batholith were calculated from data published by others. Rocks of the oldest age group (ca. 150 m.y.) in the central Sierra Nevada have an average distribution coefficient, K D , of 0.64, close to the average K D in the study area, where K-Ar dates are 143 to 129 m.y. The intermediate age group has an average K D =0.81, and the youngest group has K D =0.77. K D [Mg/Fe] for biotite/hornblende from the southern California batholith is 0.83, close to the average of the intermediate age group in the central Sierra Nevada. The calculated difference in pressure of crystallization between rocks of the Feather River area and the southern California batholith is 1 kb; the rocks of the Feather River area being crystallized at a higher pressure. This is in good agreement with the low-pressure contact metamorphism in the south (pyroxene hornfels facies), as compared with a medium-pressure metamorphism around the northern plutons, where andalusitesillimanite-cordierite and andalusite-staurolite subfacies of the amphibolite facies indicate pressures of about 4 kb. Trace elements Cr, V, Ni, Co, Ga are distributed equally between biotite and hornblende, whereas Ba and possibly Cu are concentrated in biotite and Sr and Sc and possibly Zr in hornblende.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372256
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemical and biotransformational enzyme responses to manganese exposure in rats (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 10 (1981), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult male rats were exposed to 0.5% manganese as MnCl2 in their drinking water for 1, 4, or 6 weeks. Manganese content was measured in brain, liver, kidney, and intestine. Peak manganese concentrations were found in all tissues after one week exposure. Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarinO-deethylase, and epoxide hydrase activities increased after one week manganese exposure, while intestinal and renal activities decreased. The activities returned nearly to the control level at six weeks of exposure. The UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity increased in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa after one week exposure, decreasing thereafter nearly to the control level. In the brain, most significant changes were found after six weeks exposure when the succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased. The results suggest an adaptation to manganese absorption during continuous exposure. The biotransformation enzymes respond first to manganese exposure followed by neurochemical changes in the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055635
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical study of the relations of acetylcholinesterase, enkephalin-, substance P-, choline acetyltransferase- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive structures in the ventral horn of rat spinal cord (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity was localized immunocytochemically in the large motoneurons in the ventral horn of rat spinal cord. Using fluorescence double-labelling substance P (SP)-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found to surround both the CGRP-positive and negative motoneurons, whereas enkephalin (ENK)-immunoreactive fibres surrounded mainly CGRP-negative cells. All CGRP-like immunoreactive motoneurons were also choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)- and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive. On the other hand a large population of ChAT- and AChE-positive motoneurons were devoid of CGRP-immunoreactivity. It is probable that CGRP/ChAT/AChE-positive cells surrounded by SP-positive fibres have different functions in motoric nervous system than the CGRP-negative ChAT/AChE-positive cells, which are surrounded by ENK-immunoreactive fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocalization of protein kinase C ⊺-subtype and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat spinal cord (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 97 (1992), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Colocalization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and protein kinase C β-subtype (PKC-β) like immunoreactivities (LI) and the subcellular localization of CGRP-LI were studied in the ventral horn of rat spinal cord. Ultrastructurally CGRP-LI was localized on the membranes of the Golgi-complexes, in multivesicular bodies and in vesicles adjacent to the Golgi-complex in motoneuron perikarya. The colocalization of PKC-β and CGRP-LI was detected in most of the ventral horn motoneurons. However, few motoneurons were only PKC-β-immunoreactive. These results suggest that PKC-β may be involved in the regulation of CGRP release from motoric axon terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271277
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium-induced tissue specific changes in drug biotransformation rates in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 7 (1978), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cadmium was administered into male rats in drinking water as cadmium chloride at a concentration equivalent to 250 ppm of cadmium for 2 and 8 weeks. The cadmium concentration in the liver microsomes was 0.85±0.11⧎g/g (wet wt) and in the supernatant 29.6±1.1μg/g and in the renal microsomes 1.30±0.30μg/g (w.wt) and in the supernatant 24.4+3.2μg/g after 8 weeks. In the intestinal postmitochondrial supernatant fraction the cadmium concentration was 14.2±1.0μg/g (wet wt) after 8 weeks administration. There was a slight increase in the hepatic cytochrome P-450 level, no changes in the hepaticp-nitroanisoleO-demethylase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities and aclearcut induction in the hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity after 8 weeks cadmium exposure. Renal activities followed mainly those of the liver. No changes were found in the hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity and a slight activation was present in the renal activity. The intestinal activities were markedly depressed after cadmium exposure. The results suggest that cadmium administration changes the drug biotransformation rates differently in various tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02332057
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformational and neurophysiological changes in rabbits exposed to lead (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 9 (1980), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lead was administered to adult male rabbits in drinking water at a 0.1% concentration for four and five week periods. The lead contents were determined in the central and peripheral nervous tissues and in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. The conduction velocity of sciatic nerve and the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes in other tissues were determined. The lead concentration in the blood was at a steady state at four to five weeks of exposure. Lead accumulated in all tissues except the brain. The brain lead concentration was 40 to 50% of that in the blood, indicating the existence of a blood-brain barrier. However, the lead concentration in the sciatic nerve increased significantly from four to five weeks of exposure and exceeded that in the blood. This indicates the lack of a blood-nervous tissue barrier in the sciatic nerve allowing a continuous accumulation of lead. This accumulation affected the function of the sciatic nerve; motor nerve conduction velocity decreased from the control level (58.3±7.4 m/sec) to 43.8±6.3 m/sec after the four-week exposure and to 35.0 ± 1.3 m/sec at 5 weeks of exposure. After five weeks of exposure, no changes in the hepatic, intestinal, or renal drug metabolizing enzyme activites were found. These results suggest that motor nerve conduction velocity is affected by lead exposure prior to any influence on biotransformation enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01057413
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of administration route of ddt on acute toxicity and on drug biotransformation in various rodents (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 4 (1976), S. 201-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract DDT was administered to the guinea pig, mouse and rat either ig or ip and to the hamster ig in order to investigate variations in the response of hepatic and duodenal drug-metabolizing enzymes to DDT. The intragastric dose (160 mg/kg) was found to produce gastric bleeding and severe tremor in rats and mice but not in other rodents. The hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 concentration decreased after the ig administration of DDT to rats, mice and guinea pigs but in hamsters the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 concentration increased 12 hr after the dosage. The aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity decreased also in the duodenal mucosa of the rat after the ig administration of DDT. The ip dose had no effects on the hepatic or duodenal monooxygenase system in 12 hr. The UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was slightly lowered in hepatic microsomes of the rat and mouse after the ig dose of DDT, but the decrease was more profound when measured afterin vitro trypsin digestion of microsomes. The trypsin digestion activated the hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase in all the species studied,i.e., guinea pig, hamster, mouse and rat (3-, 3-, 5-, and 8-fold, respectively). The duodenal UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was not affected by DDT administration in any of the species studied. The results suggest that the acute toxic effects of DDT are species-dependent and the administration route is important in DDT toxicity. The hydroxylation step in drug metabolism is more sensitive to DDT than the glucuronidation step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige Strukturzüge der Appalachen (1942)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 32 (1942), S. 672-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01803132
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