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  • Springer  (585)
  • Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 30 (1997), S. 72-80 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Coal mine workers' pneumoconiosis ; Coalification ; Macerals ; Organic compounds ; Phenols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The fibrogenic and cytotoxic potential of coal mine dust is independent of the amount of quartz and other inorganic parameters. Results of coal petrographical and organic geochemical investigations of coals and coal mine dust from the Ruhr and Ibbenbüren Region of Germany demonstrate variations of organic dust amount possibly influencing these noxious properties. Coal mine dust of high rank coals is characterized by a pronounced fibrogenic risk. This risk, independent of the quantity of quartz, is probably based on shape variations of different coal macerals. With increasing coalification of the corresponding seam, the vitrinite is enriched in its dust; however, lower concentrations have been determined for inertinite. Vitrinite shows constant shapes and sizes independent of the rank of coal. Inertinite particles with elongated to fibrous shapes tend to larger sizes with increasing coalification. Strikingly, coal mine dust from miners' lungs with high degrees of coal mine workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is enriched in inertinite. In contrast, high cytotoxicities in cell tests are known for coal mine dust from low coalified coals. High concentrations of phenolic compounds can be extracted by dichloromethane from low coalified coal mine dust. These compounds, which are characterized by a high water solubility and therefore high bioavailability, explain the high cytotoxicities of coal mine dust. Contamination of dust by diesel emissions in the coal mine can act as additionally supporting parameters for extended cytotoxicities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 477-483 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.35.Ja; 78.47.+p; 82.65.-i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. One of the major goals in physical chemistry is to obtain a microscopic understanding of chemical reactions. Recent developments in femtosecond laser techniques provide the opportunity to resolve the timescale of elementary steps of chemical reactions at surfaces. This is exemplified for the femtosecond laser-induced oxidation of CO on Ru(001). Among other adsorbate-specific probes vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy offers the possibility to monitor adsorbates or reaction intermediates directly at the surface. Recently, we have employed this technique to investigate the dynamics of the CO-stretch vibration of CO adsorbed on Ru(001) after optical excitation leading to CO desorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypercholesterolaemia ; Fluvastatin ; cholestyramine ; drug treatment of hypercholesterolaemia ; LDL cholesterol ; HDL cholesterol ; triglycerides ; Lp(a) ; apolipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the new synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, fluvastatin, for efficacy, safety and tolerability in comparison to cholestyramine. One hundred fifty one primary hypercholesterolaemic patients participated in this double-blind, parallel-group, randomized study. During the first 12 weeks of the study, fluvastatin (20 mg and 40 mg daily) was compared with cholestyramine (16 g per day). In the subsequent, 6-week part of the study, the comparative efficacy, safety and tolerability of 20 mg fluvastatin, combined with cholestyramine (4 g, 8 g, or 16 g) were assessed. Fluvastatin (40 mg) reduced LDL cholesterol by 28.0%, triglycerides by 10.5% and increased HDL cholesterol by 3.7%. Cholestyramine (16 g) reduced LDL cholesterol by 35.0%, but raised triglycerides and HDL cholesterol by 12.3% (p〈0.01) and 3.7% respectively. The combination of fluvastatin 20 mg and cholesty-ramine (4 g, 8 g and 16 g) induced the following reductions in LDL cholesterol: 30.4%, 35.6% and 46.6% respectively. There was no significant change in triglycerides in either group although HDL cholesterol was raised by 4.9%, 8.3% and 7.2% respectively. One patient treated with fluvastatin and two treated with cholesty-ramine were withdrawn from the study due to elevation of liver transaminases. The most frequent subjective adverse effects in both treatment groups were mild, transient gastrointestinal complaints. Thus, fluvastatin was effective as a lipid-lowering agent; the effect was further enhanced when fluvastatin was combined with cholestyramine.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 71 (1995), S. 177-187 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photometric observations of 11 near-Earth asteroids were made within a regular NEA CCD photometric programme at Ondřejov Observatory in the first half of 1994. This paper shows obtained R lightcurves, V-R, R-I, and B-V color indices, and rotation preriods for 6 of them. Among the presented results, the most interesting are those for (4954) Eric, for which we obtained several high-quality lightcurves and which seems to indicate a surface heterogeneity, (1864) Daedalus, for which interesting comparison with older observations by Gehrelset al. (1971) can be made, and 1993 VW, for which the unusual color characteristics were observed. Two (1994 AW1 and 1994 GY) of the other three observed objects have fast rotations with periods of about 2.5 hours and relatively low amplitudes. Subsequent analysis of additional lightcurve data for 1994 AW1 has revealed a presence of two periods in its lightcurve (Pravecet al. 1995). The last object presented here is 1994 JF1, for which only lower limits on period and amplitude were determined.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die texturelle Entwicklung von festen Zylindern von Amphibolit (Hornblende 70%, Plagioklas 30%) in Goldkapseln versiegelt, wurde w:⇆rend Dehydrations-Schmelzen bei 10 kbar in einem Piston-Zylinder-Apparat bei Temperaturen von 850°C bis 1000°C für 21 bis 4 Tage untersucht. Die anisotropen Mineralstrukturen und die Gesteinstextur kontrollieren die Morphologie und Verteilung der Schmelze. Diese Parameter sowie der Anteil an Schmelze, bestimmen die Interkonnektivität der Schmelze. Im Gegensatz zu Experimenten, die fein gemahlene Pulver von fast isotropen Mineralen (z.B. Olivin oder Quarz) benützen, scheinen hier die Energieverhältnisse der Kristallstruktur die Energiebeziehungen zwischen den Kristall-Schmelzoberflächen während der texturellen Entwicklung der amphibolitischen Gesteine zu dominieren. Wenige Kristall-Schmelze Triple-Junetions entwickeln zwischen Flächen energie-kontrollierte dihedrale Winkel (θ). Die Formen der meisten Schmelzeinschlüsse sind kristallographisch kontrolliert und viele Ecken zeigen Winkel, die größer als 60° sind. Die Interkonnektivität der Schmelze wird jedoch eindeutig bei 875° C mit nur 2% Schmelze erreicht und könnte möglicherweise auch bei niedrigeren Temperaturen zustande kommen. Das Vorkommen von dihedralen Winkeln, die kleiner als 60° sind, muß nicht notwendig sein, um Interkonnektivität in teilweis aufgeschmolzenen metamorphen Gesteinen zu erzeugen. Die Oberflächen zwischen gelängten Körnern in Amphiboliten mit Lineation können Wege für die Migration von Schmelzen oder für die Diffussion von Komponenten während teilweisen Aufschmelzens werden. Bei 850° C begann die Dehydration der Hornblende an internen Nukleations-Stellen, unabhängig vom Rest des Gesteins. Zwischen 850° C und 900 °C entsteht so eine Textur von Klinopyroxenen mit Hornblenderändern. Die nicht im Gleichgewicht befindliche Dampfphase, die dabei entsteht, führt zur Bildung von Lagen von wassergesättigter granitoider Schmelze zwischen Hornblende und Plagioklasflächen, mit einer berechneten Viskosität, die gerade niedrig genug ist, um Segregation durch Kompaktion zu ermöglichen. Bei höheren Temperaturen und während längerer Zeiten, wobei mehr Schmelze entsteht, löst sich die Dampfphase in wasseruntersättigter Schmelze, mit einer Viskosität, die zu hoch ist um Segregation in geologisch realistischen Zeiten zu ermöglichen. Die Entwässerung von kalium-armen Gesteinen durch Segregation von ursprünglich wässrigen Schmelzen, die sich in dieser Weise gebildet haben, dürfte beim Amphiboht-Granulit-Übergang eine Rolle spielen.[/ p]
    Notes: Summary Anisotropic crystal structures and rock texture control liquid morphology and distribution during dehydration-melting at 10 kbar in solid cylinders of lineated amphibolite (mode: hornblende 70%, plagioclase 30%), sealed in gold capsules, in piston-cylinder runs ranging from 21 days at 850 °C to 4 days at 1000 °C. The shapes of most liquid pockets are crystallographically-controlled, with many corners having angles greater than 60°. Few crystal/liquid triple junctions develop the interfacial energy-controlled dihedral angles (≡), which form in experiments using finely-ground powders of minerals with poor cleavage. Liquid interconnectivity probably is attained at 875 °C with only 2% liquid, indicating that dihedral angles less than 60° may not be necessary to achieve interconnectivity in partially melted metamorphic rocks. The surfaces between elongated grains in lineated rocks can become pathways for the migration of liquid or the diffusion of components. By 850 °C, hornblende begins to dehydrate at internal nucleation sites, producing a texture of hornblende rims and clinopyroxene cores (generally attributed to hydration of clinopyroxene). Within the temperature interval of 850–900 °C, transient vapor generates layers of low viscosity, H2O-saturated, granitoid liquid between hornblende and plagiocase crystal faces, potentially capable of segregation if time-temperature relationships are suitable. At higher temperatures the increased liquid fraction is H2O-undersaturated, with viscosity too high to permit segregation. There is a prospect that segregation of initially hydrous liquids could contribute to the dehydration of low-potassium amphibolites and effectively remove incompatible trace elements during the transition from amphibolite-facies to granulite-facies. Further experiments are needed to study the effects of time and temperature on textures in anisotropic rocks, particularly lineated amphibolites.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 363 (1999), S. 596-599 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potentiometric and fluorescence measurements of aqueous solutions of fulvic acid containing Cu(NO3)2 or Cu(ClO4)2, respectively, were carried out at 25 °C and pH 5.5 to determine naturally occurring Cu species. The fulvic acid used was isolated by XAD-8 from filtrated (0.3 μm) water of a peat bog in the Dachauer Moos near Munich. From the results an operational molecular weight of fulvic acid of about 750 g/ mol was estimated, which was confirmed by molecular weight distributions determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Using this molecular weight and assuming that mainly 1:1 Cu-fulvic acid complexes are formed, a conditional stability constant of the Cu-fulvic acid complex of 105.9 could be calculated. These data are essential for the assessment of organic carrier-mediated migration of Cu as well as of the toxicological risk potential of Cu in aqueous environment and can be used as input parameters for geochemical modeling of the Cu species distribution in aqueous solutions.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten new cases of accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes examined in different laboratories are reported. As a basis for genetic counselling in the context of prenatal diagnosis a cytogenetic categorization of such marker chromosomes is proposed and an estimation of the genetic risk associated with each category is carried out. The results are as follows: 1. There is no increased risk for offspring with abnormal phenotype born to a healthy carrier of an accessory bisatellited marker chromosome with either a single or two closely adjacent C-bands (Category AI or AII). 2. The unbiased sample of cases with de novo accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes of categories AI and AII is too small to allow a satisfactory estimation of the actual risk that, in case of such a prenatal finding, the foetus may not show a normal phenotype as a consequence of the marker chromosome. There is, however, evidence that this risk may be lower than 10%. 3. Accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes showing a discrete pattern of G- or R-bands situated between two distant C-bands (Category AIII) usually indicate a chromosomal imbalance giving rise to an abnormal phenotype. Mosaic carriers of such dicentric marker chromosomes may, however, present a normal phenotype.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 136 (1989), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In hearts of mice the accumulation of 15-/para-123I-phenyl/-pentadecanoic acid /IPPA/ was determined 3 min after injection under different conditions. Using propionate as an agent competing with the albumin binding sites for fatty acids, the concentration of free fatty acids was increased in the circulating blood and the myocardial uptake of IPPA rose from 38.8±3.7% inj. dose/g under normal conditions to 46.2±5.1% inj. dose/g. On the other hand, the addition of 2-Br-palmitic acid reduced the myocardial uptake to a value of 31.0±2.5 inj. dose/g due to the known effect of blocking the transport of fatty acids into the cells. The results suggest the existence of a carrier-mediated transport process of fatty acids into the myocardial tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geometric and functional analysis 8 (1998), S. 1129-1170 
    ISSN: 1420-8970
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 81 (1980), S. 461-471 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different BrdU-concentrations on the cysteamine-induced SCE-rate was investigated in V-79 Chinese hamster cell monolayer cultures. Both cysteamine and its auto-oxidation product cystamine act synergistically with BrdU in the induction of SCEs. A given concentration of these substances produces a low SCE-frequency at low BrdU-concentrations — but the incidence of SCEs is significantly increased at increased BrdU-concentrations. — Using one-cycle substitution experiments and the determination of the relative level of substitution by means of 3HBrdU-incorporation, this synergism was shown to depend on the BrdU incorporated in the DNA and on the extent to which this incorporation takes place.
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