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  • Elsevier  (1,245)
  • Springer  (1,150)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intra-uterine growth-cycles of the guinea-pig (1913)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 35 (1913), S. 708-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach den in dieser Arbeit vorgebrachten und erörterten Figuren und Tatsachen und nach dem Aussehen der aus diesen Tatsachen konstruierten Kurve scheinen mir nachstehende Schlußfolgerungen erlaubt: 1) Es ist möglich, eine Kurve zu erhalten, welche das intrauterine Wachstum von Embryonen durch indirekte Mittel veranschaulicht, so durch regelmäßig wiederholte Wägung der Mutter in regelmäßigen Zwischenräumen während der Schwangerschaft. 2) Für das Meerschweinchen beginnt ein Zyklus bei der Befruchtung der Eier und endet ungefähr 60 Tage später. Ein andrer Zyklus beginnt eine kleine Weile vor dem Ablauf des ersten Zyklus und dauert noch nach der Geburt an. 3) Sowohl beim Meerschweinchen wie beim Menschen fällt die Geburt in den Verlauf eines Zyklus und nicht in oder nahe an die gemeinsame Ablaufszeit zweier Zyklen. 4) Die Jungen des Menschen werden noch vor der Vollendung des ersten Zyklus geboren, während das Meerschweinchen noch im Uterus einen Zyklus vollendet und einen zweiten anfängt. Es ist durchaus wahrscheinlich, daß dieser Umstand die Ursache für das vorgerückte Entwicklungsstadium des letzteren Tieres bei der Geburt abgibt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02292730
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhizas in ecosystems (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 376-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ericoid mycorrhiza ; ectomycorrhiza ; VA mycorrhiza ; ecosystem ; nutrients ; organic matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of analyses of the distribution, structure and function of ericoid, ecto and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas are used to challenge the conventional view, which was based largely upon studies of isolated plants and excised plant roots under controlled conditions, that the symbiosis is primarily involved in the capture of phosphate ions. In nature, each mycorrhizal type is associated with an ecosystem and soil environment with distinctive characteristics in which selection has favoured the development of a particular range of attributes. These attributes are evaluated and their importance for the individual plant and for the ecosystems in which they occur is assessed. It is concluded that knowledge of the full range of functions of each mycorrhizal type is essential for an understanding of the distribution and dynamics of the ecosystem in which it predominates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972080
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myogenesis and neurogenesis in the chick embryo: A comparative study (1971)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 167 (1971), S. 187-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An electron microscope study of the comparative development of muscle and nerve tissue in the pectoral and wing regions of the chick embryo has been performed. Neurogenesis in the pectoral region is seen to be about 2 days advanced over that in the wing. Myogenesis proceeds at approximately the same rate in both areas. Myofibril organization and myotube alignment appear to be independent of developing nerve tissue. An incidental finding is that of aggregates of poorly organized myofilaments inserted into otherwise mature myofibres. It is suggested that this may be a method of increase in muscle length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584248
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the movements of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) with satellite telemetry (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1997), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The movements of nine harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena (L.), in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine were tracked using satellite telemetry. Transmitters were attached to the porpoises in August 1994 and 1995 after they were captured near Grand Manan Island at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy. Tracking periods ranged from 2 to 212 d (mean 50 ± 65 d). Porpoises exhibited a high degree of individual variation in movement patterns; five moved out of the Bay of Fundy into the Gulf of Maine. The porpoise with the longest tracking period moved extensively throughout the Gulf of Maine. These data suggest that seasonal movement patterns of individual harbour porpoises are discrete and are not temporally coordinated migrations. Porpoises that moved out of the Bay of Fundy into the Gulf of Maine did so following the 92 m isobath, which may represent an important movement corridor. The movement of porpoises from the Bay of Fundy into the Gulf of Maine supports the hypothesis that harbour porpoises from these two regions comprise a single population at risk of entanglement in both Canadian and US fisheries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050251
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic subdivision within the eastern Australian population of the sea anemoneActinia tenebrosa (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 109 (1991), S. 379-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An electrophoretic survey of allozyme variation revealed substantial genetic differentiation within the eastern Australian population ofActinia tenebrosa. This differentiation appears to reflect the effects of both asexual reproduction and limited gene flow among local populations separated by up to 1050 km. Variation was assessed within groups of 27 to 55 adults sampled between September 1985 and December 1988 collected from small areas of shore within each of 24 local populations. All individuals were collected from stable rock platforms, with the exception of Boulder Bay, where some sea anemones were removed from small mobile boulders. High levels of variability were detected for each of seven enzyme-encoding loci. The patterns of genotypic variation detected imply that local populations are maintained by predominantly asexually generated recruitment. Levels of multi-locus genotypic diversity within samples were consistently less than 50% of the level expected for sexual reproduction with free recombination. This was reflected by the detection of relatively low numbers of multi-locus genotypes and significant departures from expectations for single-locus Hardy-Weinberg equilibria within 17 of the 24 local populations. Standardised genetic variances (F ST ), calculated from the genotypes of all individual adults were typically much greater than those expected for marine organisms with widely dispersed larvae. The former values were reduced, but were still extremely large when “clonal” genotype frequencies were substituted into the calculation. These data imply that although widely dispersed larvae may be an important source of initial colonists, levels of gene flow among established local populations are low. Furthermore, cluster analysis revealed a clear subdivision of the population into northern and southern groups. However, this subdivision was largely explained by strong clinal variation at a GPI-encoding locus. For this locus, allele frequencies ranged from fixation of the A allele in samples from the 12 most northern sites to near fixation of the alternative B allele in southern samples. Subdivision of the eastern Australian population is consistent with the predicted off-shore movement of the Eastern Australian Current close to the border between Victoria and New South Wales. However, the split into northern and southern regions, as evidenced by the variation forGpi, could reflect patterns of gene flow and/or other factors such as natural selection or the recent patterns of colonisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gene for X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets maps to a 200–300 kb region in Xp22.1, and is located on a single YAC containing a putative vitamin D response element (VDRE) (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The location of the HYP gene, which determines X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, has been refined considerably by linkage analysis, and three new microsatellite primers isolated, Cap32 (DXS7473), Cap29 (DXS7474) and 7v2 (DXS7475). The locations of four other markers have also been determined (DXS1226, AFMa176zb1, AFMa152wc5, and AFM346azc1). Markers Cap29 and Cap32 are the closest distal markers to the gene with z max = 11.93, θ max = 0.018, and z max = 12.03, θ max = 0.015 respectively. Both Cap29 and Cap32 are proximal to DXS365 and AFMa176zb1, as deduced by screening non-chimaeric yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) from a contig spanning the HYP gene. A single crossover places AFMa176zb1 distal to the disease gene. There are no recombinations between 7v2 and HYP (z max = 12.9, θ max = 0.0), or between 7v2 and adjacent markers Cap32, Cap29, AFMa176zb1, DXS1683 and DXS365. However screening of YAC clones encompassing the HYP gene and also P1 clones localises 7v2 distal to Cap29 and Cap32, and proximal to DXS443. Marker DXS1226 is placed outside the region containing the gene, and is located proximal to DXS274 as confirmed by a crossover for this marker and DXS41 against HYP, and its presence on YAC 83BO5. Genetic mapping of CEPH pedigrees, and screening of YACs places AFMa152wc5 and AFMa346zc1 between DXS1683 and DXS1052. The following gene marker map presents the best order for the HYP region: Xptel-DXS43-DXS999-DXS443-(DXS365/DXS7475/ AFMa176zb1)-(DXS7474/DXS7473)-HYP-DXS1683-(AFMa152wc5/AFMa346zc1)-DXS1052-DXS274-(DXS41/DXS1226)-Xcen. The distance between the cluster of distal flanking markers Cap29 (DXS7474), Cap32 (DXS7473), and DXS1683 is approximately 300 kb, as deduced from physical map data from a YAC contig spanning the gene. Thus the gene for HYP is contained within a single YAC (900AO472). Of further interest, is the location of a putative vitamin D response element (VDRE) on this YAC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050048
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three DNA markers for hypophosphataemic rickets (1992)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 89 (1992), S. 539-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper presents three markers, 16D/E, pHMAI (DXS208), and CRI-L1391 (DXS274), that show close linkage for X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP). DXS274 is closely linked to HYP (θ max= 0.00, Zmax = 4.20), and DXS41 (99.6), (θ max= 0.00, Zmax = 5.20). Marker 16D/E maps distal to the disease locus (θ max= 0.05, Zmax = 3.11). The pHMAI probe recognises the same restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) as 99.6. Multipoint analysis suggests that the most probable order of loci is Xpter-(DXS43, 16D/E)-HYP-DXS274-(DXS208, DXS41)-Xcen. The location of DXS274 distal to HYP cannot be excluded, as no recombinants were observed between DXS274 and HYP, or between DXS274 and DXS41/DXS208. One of the families contains a large number of recombinants, four of which are double recombinants. This most probably means that the disease in this family maps elsewhere on the X chromosome or on an autosome, indicating locus heterogeneity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219180
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the male and female mutation rates in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (1992)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 89 (1992), S. 204-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present the results of an international collaborative study aimed at estimating the ratio of male to female mutation rates in Duchenne muscular dystrophy based on the method of C. Müller and T. Grimm. With a sample size of 295, this ratio is found to be very close to 1, thus giving evidence for equal mutation rates in males and females in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217124
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refining the genetic map for the region flanking the X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets locus (Xp22.1–22.2) (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have screened fourteen kindreds with X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets with four microsatellite markers, viz. AFM163yh2, DXS999 (AFM234yf12), DXS443 and DXS365, in order to refine the genetic map flanking the gene, and to define a close flanking interval for the construction of a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and cosmid contig. The genetic data were enhanced after the isolation of a large 1.2-megabase YAC derived from AFM163yh2, in which marker DXS274 was present but not DXS365 or DXS443. Against HYP, DXS365, AFM163yh2 and DXS443 showed no recombinants (Z max = 18.1, Z max = 9.9, and Z max = 16.0 respectively). DXS999 gave Z max = 9.6 at 4% recombination and lies distal to HYP but proximal to DXS197 and DXS43. The disease gene and markers AFM163yh2 and DXS365 are flanked by DXS443 and DXS274. Combining the genetic and physical data, we are able to propose the following gene marker order: Xptel-DXS43-DXS197-DXS999-DXS443-[(DXS365-AFM163yh2), HYP]-DXS274-DXS41-Xcen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New markers for linkage analysis of X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 91 (1993), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three polymorphic markers have been used to improve the genetic map of the region Xp22.1-p22.2, which contains the HYP (hypophosphataemic rickets) locus. DXS365 gave no recombinants with HYP, with a peak Lod score of 5.4 at θ = 0.0. A microsatellite marker mPA274 was derived for the DXS274 locus; it detects five alleles with a polymorphism information content of 0.55. Combining information from this microsatellite and the original DXS274 marker, probe CRI-L1391, the peak Lod score for DXS274 against HYP was 9.6 at θ = 0.02. A microsatellite associated with the DXS207 locus (mPA207) gave a peak lod score against HYP of 4.7 at θ = 0.14. A consideration of key recombinants and multilocus analysis suggests the gene order: Xpter-DXS207-DXS43-DXS197-(DXS365, HYP)-DXS274-DXS41-Xcen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205082
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