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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonaceous chondrites and the origin of life (1993)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 23 (1993), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites can be separated into three fractions. The first component, the fraction that is insoluble in chloroform and methanol, has a part which is of interstellar origin (1). The other two fractions (chloroform-soluble hydrocarbons and methanol-soluble polar organics) are hypothesized to have been synthesized on a planetoid body (2). We propose that the polar organics, i.e., amino acids, were synthesized close to its surface by the radiolysis of hydrocarbons and ammonium carbonate in a liquid water environment. Some hydrocarbons may have been synthesized by a Fischer-Tropsch mechanism (3) in the interior of the body. Ferrous ion acted as a protection against back reactions. The simultaneous synthesis of iron-rich clays with the polar organics may be indicative of events related to the origin of life on Earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581900
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopic composition of strontium in three basalt-andesite centers along the Lesser Antilles arc (1971)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 32 (1971), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Si87/Sr86 ratios have been determined for lavas and py lastic rocks from three basalt-andesite centers along the Lesser Antilles arc—Mt. Misery on the island of St. Kitts, Soufriere on the island of St. Vincent, and Carriacou, an island of The Grenadines. The average Si87/Sr86 content of these rocks is 0.7038 for Mt. Misery, 0.7041 for Soufriere, and 0.7053 for Carriacou. All the Sr87/Sr86 values from each center are the same within analytical uncertainty (±0.0002). The constancy of strontium isotopic data within each center supports the hypothesis that basalts and andesites for each specific center investigated are generated from the same source — in agreement with petrographic and major- and minor-element data. Strontium isotopic compositions and elemental concentrations, particularly of strontium and nickel, indicate that this source was mantle peridotite and that the relationship between the respective basalts and andesites is probably fractional crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early island-arc intrusive activity, Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic (1977)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 65 (1977), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Reconnaissance studies of early island-arc intrusions in the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic demonstrate that these rocks are mainly hornblende tonalite with lesser amounts of hornblende diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and quartz monzonite. Two plutons (El Bao, Medina) are petrographically and chemically homogeneous, whereas two others (El Rio and Loma de Cabrera) are compositionally heterogeneous. Samples from these intrusions range in SiO2 from 49 to 70% with most rocks in the 59 to 62% range. K2O ranges from 0.24 to 3% and averages 1.2%. Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, V and possibly Cr decrease with increasing SiO2. Rb/Sr values for the intrusions are low but variable. Present-day 87Sr/86Sr values range from 0.7031 to 0.7045 for the El Bao and Loma de Cabrera batholiths and 0.7033 to 0.7091 for the Medina stock. These data do not generate isochrons. The Cordillera Central tonalite intrusions are the most abundant plutonic rock type in the Greater Antilles, although small, younger granodiorite and quartz monzonite stocks are present. The Cordillera Central intrusions are lower in SiO2, K2O, Rb, and Sr than the average composition of the Sierra Nevada batholith, but they are similar to the tonalites and trondjhemites from the western margin of the Sierra Nevada batholith. The low Rb/Sr ratios and low initital Sr87/Sr86 ratios for the Cordillera Central intrusions combined with the high liquidus temperatures required for the generation of tonalite magmas strongly favor a subcrustal source for these magmas in an island-arc setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373574
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Acropora inheritance: A reinterpretation of the development of fringing reefs in Barbados, West Indies (1984)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 3 (1984), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The discovery of the widespread occurrence of the remains of the reef coral Acropora palmata within the fabric of the fringing reefs on the west coast of Barbados requires a new interpretation of their Holocene development. Radiocarbon dating of the A. palmata framework suggests that reef construction by this species began as early as 2,300 years B.P. A. palmata probably flourished in Barbados into the present century but has now declined. The present fringing reefs are characterized by a core and base of A. palmata upon which subsequent colonization took place, especially by Montastrea annularis, Porites porites and coralline algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301955
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the viscous damping of a pendulum (1963)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 14 (1963), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine obere Schranke für die Dämpfung der kleinen Schwingungen eines Pendels wird für den Fall erhalten, dass die Dämpfung durch eine zähe, in einem am Pendel angebrachten Gefäss enthaltene Flüssigkeit verursacht wird. Diese Schranke gilt für ein beliebiges Flüssigkeitsvolumen, vorausgesetzt, dass dessen Trägheitsmoment bezüglich desjenigen des Pendels klein ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01589271
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spherical growth in the Caribbean coral Siderastrea radians (Pallas) and its survival in disturbed habitats (1989)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 7 (1989), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Siderastrea radians (Pallas) is a common West Indian reef coral that displays wide morphological variation. The hypothesis that a spherical form of free living colonies of S. radians has advantages for survival was examined in Barbados. Colonies were sampled from tide pools and from random quadrats at four reef flat sites subjected to strong wave action. Survival was found to be a positive function of colony size measured as living surface area and was correlated with stage of development toward a spherical shape. The combination of spherical shape and larger size confer a selective advantage on free living colonies in disturbed habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301594
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ecology of Millepora (1989)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 8 (1989), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Attention is drawn to the lack of quantitative ecological information on the calcareous hydrozoan Millepora. In spite of their abundance and geological importance on reefs, little attention has been paid to the millepores compared to the dominant corals. The literature on distribution and abundance on reefs is reviewed and attention is drawn to sources of bias in reported estimates of Millepora abundance. Millepora is shown to have many of the same parasites and predators as scleractinians. The sparse data on growth and production are reviewed and compared with that of corals. The physiological and ecological responses of Millepora to storms and other disturbances appear to be similar to those of the scleractinans but the millepores have escaped attack by the starfish Acanthaster and appear to be immune to the common diseases of corals. The morphological similarities and ecological differences between millepores and scleractinians are discussed in terms of life-history strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338264
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition, physical properties and origin of sodic anorthites from the ejected plutonic blocks of the Soufrière Volcano, St. Vincent, West Indies (1969)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 21 (1969), S. 272-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Three complete analyses and one partial analysis are recorded of unzoned sodic anorthites having compositions An94,9, An94,0, An92,7 and An92 (mol per cent). Although crystallising at a high temperature the K and Sr contents are low. X-ray parameters show the material to be in a relatively high structural state comparable with material from Japanese volcanics. Available data indicate small but real differences in optical parameters between sodic anorthites of volcanic and plutonic origin but this needs further clarification. Refractive indices and specific gravities of the analysed samples are also recorded. Anorthite (An90-An100) occurs widely as phenocrysts in basic lavas and as crystal ejecta in the calc-alkaline rock suites of the circumoceanic islands. Anorthite can be precipitated from sub-alkaline magmas under certain conditions and does not require the postulation of special magmas or of contamination. It is apparent that factors other than the normative feldspar composition of the magma determine the composition of the plagioclase precipitated. Evidence from experimental work on synthetic systems indicates that an increase in both hydrostatic pressure and water vapour pressure will influence the plagioclase composition but it is not possible to evaluate these effects fully at the present time. The occurrence of anorthite is interpreted as evidence of extensive crystal accumulation at depth from fractionating basic magmas in circumoceanic calc-alkaline suites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371755
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralogy of the ejected plutonic blocks of the soufriere volcano St. Vincent: Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and magnetite paragenesis (1973)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 38 (1973), S. 197-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Ejected plutonic blocks from the Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent, consist of the mineral phases plagioclase (An96−An89, average An93), olivine (Fo79−Fo67, most frequent interval Fo74−72), salite containing 5–6 percent Al2O3, hastingsitic amphibole and magnetite containing 6% Al2O3, 4% MgO and 7% TiO2. Aluminous salitic pyroxenes are not confined to alkaline suites but also occur as high temperature phases in certain calc-alkaline suites. Similarly low silica amphiboles with comparatively high Fe+3+Ti contents are unusual in common sub-alkaline rocks. Magnetite in the St. Vincent blocks is an example of a single homogeneous iron oxide phase precipitated in equilibrium with the other four phases in the blocks. Conditions of crystallisation are just as important as silica activity in determining the compositions of phases separating from basaltic magmas at relatively shallow depths (P tot〈 8 kb). It is argued mainly on crystal chemical grounds that the mineral assemblage in the St. Vincent blocks can crystalline from a sub-alkaline magma under conditions of relatively high temperature, high water vapor pressure, and oxygen fugacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374766
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Banding, age and growth in the calcareous hydrozoan Millepora complanata Lamarck (1991)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 9 (1991), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Prominent bands or lines were present on colonies of Millepora complanata on coral reefs at Barbados, West Indies. These bands appeared as regular, dark and light horizontal zones or stripes on vertically growing plates and blades making up the colonies. Bands are formed by wave-like undulations or currugations of the skeletal surface. The number of bands correlates with colony height and mean band width equals the mean annual vertical growth of measured colonies. Variation in annual growth and differences in growth rates of colonies between different reefs were determined from band width measurements. Bands provide a rapid and non-destructive means for measuring growth and ageing colonies of M. complanata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290424
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