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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative FISH analysis of numerical chromosome 7 abnormalities in 5-μm and 15-μm paraffin-embedded tissue sections from prostatic carcinoma (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 107 (1997), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on 15-μm-thick paraffin sections from prostatic carcinomas using a chromosome 7-specific α-satellite DNA probe. A confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used for optical sectioning of the thick sections and reconstruction of 3D images. The number of FISH signals was determined by a gallery of optical sections evaluating only complete nuclei. To investiate the influence of section thickness and truncation and nuclei on scoring results, we compared the FISH data from 15-μm sections with signal counts obtained from 5-μm sections. The latter were evaluated by conventional fluorescence microscopy in the same tumor regions previously defined and marked on the slides. After statistical analysis of spot frequencies in tumor and non-tumorous cells (χ2 test), we transferred the signal frequencies into a cytogenetic classification (−7, +7, polysomy 7). Based on this classification, most cases showed more than one chromosome 7 aberration type. Trisomy 7 (+7) became apparent in 15-μm-thick sections in all 19 tumors, polysomy 7 (〉3 spots) in 18/19 cases, and monosomy 7 (−7) in 13/19 cases. In 5-μm sections, however, trisomy 7 and polysomy 7 were found in only 7/19 and 13/19 cases, respectively, and monosomy 7 in 7/19 cases. When comparing the classification results of tumor cells of the same tumor regions originating either from 5-μm or 15-μm sections, the following discrepancies were noted: in 15-μm sections exclusively, in 12/19 tumors, trisomy 7 was found; in 6/19 cases, polysomy 7; in 8/19 cases, monosomy 7. The high proportion of cases with tumor nuclei expressing only one hybridization signal of chromosome 7 in 15-μm sections could be confirmed as monosomy 7 in five selected cases by double-hybridization using centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 7 and 12. These results demonstrate that numerical chromosome 7 aberrations are more frequently observed in thick (15-μm) paraffin-embedded tissue sections by evaluating only complete nuclei. The use of routine sections (5-μm) for interphase cytogenetic analyses is compromised by a remarkable underestimation of the real chromosome copy numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050096
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target and signal amplification: approaches to increase the sensitivity of in situ hybridization (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In situ hybridization (ISH) has proven to be a very important molecular tool in research and diagnosis. However, its applicability can be limited by its restricted detection sensitivity. During the last few years, several strategies have been developed to improve the threshold levels for ISH detection by amplification of either target nucleic acid sequences prior to ISH or the detection signals after hybridization procedures. In this overview, we outline and analyze the principles, applications, and limitations of in situ polymerase chain reaction, in situ self-sustained sequence replication, primed in situ labeling (PRINS), and in situ transcription as examples of target amplification methods, and catalyzed reporter deposition using biotinylated tyramine as an approach to signal amplification in ISH. We also provide a detailed, 1-day protocol for non-radioactive oligonucleotide ISH including signal amplification, which is suitable for diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, future directions of ISH including combined strategies of target and signal amplification as well as automation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050173
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative genomic hybridisation for the analysis of chromosomal imbalances in solid tumours and haematological malignancies (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 403-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is based on a two-colour, competitive fluorescence in situ hybridisation of differentially labelled tumour and reference DNA to normal metaphase chromosomes. This new technology has made a great impact in molecular tumour pathology due to its possible application to archival specimens and the ability to create copy number karyotypes throughout the whole genome from very small amounts of DNA. If chromosomal imbalances can be correlated with a etiological and clinical features of tumours, CGH could be able to provide new prognostic and diagnostic criteria. CGH findings further provide starting points for the molecular genetic characterisation of altered chromosomal regions harbouring yet unidentified genes involved in tumorigenesis and tumour progression. An overview of the results of published CGH studies on solid tumours and haematological malignancies is presented. Methodological limitations of the CGH technology are reported, as well as future developments which will improve its use in routine analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050181
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigen retrieval, signal amplification and intensification in immunohistochemistry (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this overview we emphasize new methods of improving immunohistochemical results in formaldehyde-fixed tissue samples. The benefit of heat-induced antigen retrieval in demasking of concealed epitopes is demonstrated. We provide guidance on the influence of heat-induced antigen retrieval in commonly applied monoclonal and polyconal antibodies. Moreover, we show the promising methods of signal amplification using biotinylated tyramine and signal intensification of diaminobenzidine reaction products by metallic ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01463928
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of numerical karyotype changes in the giant cells of Hodgkin's lymphomas by a combination of FISH and immunohistochemistry applied to paraffin sections (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 401-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conventional karyotyping of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has until now yielded only limited insight into karyotypic characteristics of this discase. For this reason, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using alphasatellite chromosome-specific probes was applied to paraffin sections of HD tumors in order to verify numerical aberrations suggested to be specific for HD in the literature. The FISH technique was combined with immunohistochemical detection of the CD30 antigen to allow easier identification of the Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin (RS&H) cells. The number of specific FISH signals per nucleus was determined both in CD30-positive RS&H cells as well as in non-malignant “bystander” cells in order to assess differences in the signal distribution. Contrasted with normal lymphoid cells, the tumor cells in HD were found to be polysomic for at least one of the chromosomes analyzed (1,2,4, and 8). The technique described is a reliable method for confirmation of results obtained from conventional cytogenetics, which is especially suited for archival material or samples not containing dividing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01463661
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Littoral zone fish communities of two Florida lakes and a comparison with Michigan lakes (1978)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 3 (1978), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Fish ; Habitat structure ; Species composition and abundance ; Ecological segregation ; Regional comparisons ; Temperate lakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The abundance and habitat distribution of littoral zone fishes in two small southern Florida lakes were quantified by underwater censuses. The bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and large-mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) accounted for 75–80% of community biomass in both lakes; important coexisting species were predominantly benthic feeders in Lake Sirena and planktivores in Lake Annie. All species were largely confined to areas of macrovegetation which extended to a depth of 4 m in Lake Annie but only to 1.2 m in Lake Sirena. The differences in community structure were related to differences in habitat and also variation in water levels and benthic production. A comparison of community composition with that of small Michigan lakes indicated that similar numbers of species coexist in the littoral zones, despite a three-fold difference in the size of regional species pools. The majority of families and about 50% of the species were common to lakes in both regions; in addition a number of ecological analogues were noted. A major difference was that the small inshore species were members of the Cyprinodontiformes in Florida and Cyprinidae in Michigan. Together the largemouth bass and bluegill comprise similar community proportions in the two regions as do other major feeding groups. Lakes in the two regions that are similar in amount and distribution of vegetation exhibit greater similarity in fish communities than those within regions that differ in littoral vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691940
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecosystem development and natural succession in surface coal mine reclamation (1984)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 6 (1984), S. 10-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Biotic and abiotic factors involved in surface coal mine reclamation were evaluated on 81 mine sites in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, USA. Soil moisture and organic content were the two most important factors in determining the establishment and growth of vegetation on mined lands. Soil bacteria and fungi populations were also related to these soil conditions, and soil micro-organisms were important in the decomposition of organic materials as well as factors in the rate and type of natural succession occurring on these lands. The succession of native plant species increases the density and stability of plant communities on mined lands. The importance of natural succession in mined-land reclamation and the use of these lands by wildlife is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072661
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration Dependent and Adverse Effects in Immunohistochemistry using the Tyramine Amplification Technique (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 31 (1999), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although the tyramine amplification technique to enhance sensitivity in immunohistochemistry has been described in numerous methodological papers, it has not yet gained access to diagnostic immunohistochemistry. This is mainly due to problems and pitfalls occurring in adaptation of this method to routine application. In this study a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antiserum (pan-cytokeratin and anti-myoglobin) were tested in tissues with different amounts of epitopes, using a checkerboard table and testing a total of 133 different dilution combinations of both the tyramide solution and the primary antibodies. The specific tissue investigated, i.e. the amount of accessable epitope to be detected and the applied concentration of the tyramide solution mainly influenced the staining reaction. Several pitfalls such as an uneven distribution of the staining or dramatic overstaining (paradoxical overstaining) must be considered to achieve optimal results. In conclusion, our data confirm methodological studies that the tyramine amplification technique is a powerful method to enhance immunohistochemical sensitivity. However, for reliable daily practice several pitfalls of the technique have to be circumvented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003554217994
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  • 9
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    Spatial allelic imbalance of BCL2 genes and chromosome 18 territories in nonneoplastic and neoplastic cervical squamous epithelium (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-03
    Print ISSN: 0175-7571
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1017
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Ecosystem development and natural succession in surface coal mine reclamation (1984)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0269-4042
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2983
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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