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  • Springer  (1,014)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (137)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Vanadyl phosphate ; inclusion compounds ; topotactic reactions ; solid acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sodium-containing intercalates having as general formula Na x VOPOP4·(2−x)H2O (0.25≤x〈0.50) have been obtained and characterized. Orthorhombic phases, which essentially maintain the structure of the layered oxide hydrate VOPO4·2H2O result. Intercalated sodium ions act as ‘pillars’. The presence of H3O+ ions in the parent VOPO4·2H2O and also in some reduced phases, is detected. The understanding of the structural role of the water molecules is advanced and the topotactic dehydration/rehydration processes are studied. The formation of a new metastable VOPO4·H2O phase is established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary By inhibiting the copper(II) assisted TPT (TPT = 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) hydrolysis, monomeric and dimeric copper(II) complexes having as general formulae Cu(TPT)X, · nH2O (X = Cl, Br, NCS, NCO or N3) and [Cu(TPT)X]2(PF6)2 · nH2O (X = Cl, Br, NCS or N3) have been synthesized and characterized by i.r., electronic and e.p.r. spectra, x-ray powder diffraction and analytical data. Spectroscopic results indicate five-coordinate geometry around the copper(II) ion, intermediate between trigonal-bipyramid and square-pyramid structures. The half-field absorption in the ΔMS = 2 region of powdered X-band e.p.r. spectra has been observed for the dimeric species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Dimeric and polymeric copper(II) complexes containing BPCA (N-2-pyridinylcarbonyl-2-pyridinecarboximidate), having general formulae Cu(BPCA)X·nH2O (X=Cl, Br, NCS, NCO, N3, or CN) and Cu2(BPCA)2-X·nH2O [X=oxalate anion (OX), chloranilate anion (CA) or the dianion of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DHBQ)] have been synthesized by the copper(II)-assisted hydrolysis of 2, 4, 6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine. Spectroscopic results indicate five-coordinate, approximately square-pyramidal, geometry around the copper(II) ion. Half-field absorption in the ΔM s=±2 region of the X-band e.p.r. powder spectra has been observed for the dimeric species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Knowledge of the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour of aqueous solutions containing two divalent cations andtrans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetate has been used to design synthetic pathways to ordered bimetallic complexes
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Fire ants ; virgin queens ; reproduction ; execution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta, some winged virgin queens are known to shed their wings (dealate) upon removal of the mated mother queen. These virgin queens then develop their ovaries and begin to lay eggs, thereby foregoing the option of leaving on mating flights and attempting to found their own colonies. Such a response of virgin queens to queenlessness has not been reported for other ants. In order to determine if virgin queens of some other fire ants (subgenusSolenopsis) would respond in the same way, experiments were conducted onS. richteri, hybridS. invicta/richteri andS. geminata, a member of a species complex different from that of the other taxa. Just as inS. invicta, virgin queens ofS. richteri and the hybrid dealated and began to lay eggs within days of the removal of the queen. In addition, workers executed many of the reproductively active virgin queens, a phenomenon also found inS. invicta. In contrast, virgin queens ofS. geminata did not dealate or quickly begin to lay eggs upon separation from the queen. Reasons for the variability in the response of virgin queens of the different species may be 1) higher probability of reproductive success for unmated dealated queens compared to normal claustral founding inS. invicta andS. richteri linked to relatively frequent loss of the mother queen; or 2) phylogenetic constraint.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary An experimental examination of the assignment problem, matching individuals to positions or slots, is conducted in which various assignment mechanisms are analyzed. Generalized versions of both the Vickrey and English auctions are designed to solve the assignment problem along with oridinal ranking mechanisms (serial dictator and “funny” money system). The generalized auctions result in efficient allocations. In contrast, the ordinal ranking mechanisms, which require no monetary transfers, are significantly less efficient in their assignments. However, the efficient allocations obtained from the competitive bidding processes are at the expense of consumers' surplus since demanders retain significantly larger profits with the ordinal ranking mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Economic theory 10 (1997), S. 55-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Keywords: JEL Classification Numbers: C91 ; C73 ; D81 ; D83.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary.  We investigate, in an experimental setting, the behavior of single decision makers who at discrete time intervals over an “infinite” horizon may choose one action from a set of possible actions where this set is constant over time, i.e. a bandit problem. Two bandit environments are examined, one in which the predicted behavior should always be myopic (the two-armed bandit) and the other in which the predicted behavior should never be myopic (the one-armed bandit). We also investigate the comparative static predictions as the underlying parameters of the bandit environments are changed. The aggregate results show that the behavior in the two bandit environments are quantitatively different and in the direction of the theoretical predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 100 (1989), S. 185-193 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pattern of resource partitioning vs depth by corals collected in February 1983 from Jamaica and the Red Sea was determined from their stable carbon isotope composition. Observations were made on isolated zooxanthellae and corresponding algae-free animal tissue from eight species at four depths over a 50 m bathymetric range. Zooxanthellae δ13C was high in shallow water and became lower as depth increased. This trend correlated significantly with the anual integrated photosynthetic rate. The trend is interpreted according to a “depletion-diffusion” hypothesis; in shallow water, at high rates of photosynthesis, metabolic CO2 is nearly depleted and the supply of CO2 from seawater bicarbonate is limited by diffusion. Since most of the available CO2 is fixed, isotope fractionation is minimal. In deeper water, at lower rates of photosynthesis, metabolic CO2 is ample, and isotope fractionation is greater. Animal tissue δ13C was slightly lower than corresponding zooxanthellae values in shallow water. As depth increased the difference between zooxanthellae and animal tissue δ13C increased and the latter approached the δ13C of oceanic particulate organic carbon. These data suggest that carbon is translocated at all depths and that deep-water corals draw significantly on allocthonous sources of carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 49 (1978), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Total fatty acid compositions of colonies of two hermatypic, reef-building corals collected during the day-time over a depth range of 21 m were determined to assess the effect of depth-related environmental factors upon the lipid content of these organisms. No systematic changes were found, suggesting a steady-state balance between algal and animal lipogenesis in these symbiotic partnerships. Stephanocoenia michelinii, a day and night feeder, contained lipids indicative of external dietary sources such as copepods, whereas Montastrea annularis, a night feeder, did not.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Corals in an in situ respirometer exposed to suspended peat during the day greatly decreased net oxygen production, probably due to a reduction of intensity and spectral quality of light reaching the symbiotic zooxanthellae. Net production returned to pre-exposure levels after the chambers were cleared; the corals showed no behavioral effects. In contrast, after exposure during the night, corals displayed clearing behavior (such as extreme distension of the coenosarc and trapping of peat particles in thick clumps of mucus) and an increase in respiration rate comparable to the decrease in net production observed during the daytime exposure. The following morning, net production values were significantly lower than pre-exposure production values although ambient light intensity was slightly higher. This decrease in production as well as a 22% reduction of chlorophyll content in the coral tissue indicated loss of zooxanthellae from the stressed corals. Long-term exposure to such a stress could reduce coral growth rates and substantially alter coral reef communities.
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