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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The SpTRK Gene Encodes a Potassium-specific Transport Protein TKHp in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1996)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 152 (1996), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: K+ uptake system — Genetic complementation — Transport kinetics — Patch-clamp analysis — Ion-selectivity —Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Complementary DNAs involved in potassium transport in Schizosaccharomyces pombe were selected by complementation of defective K+ uptake in a trk1 trk2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we describe the SpTRK gene that encodes a protein of 833 amino acids. The predicted structure contains 12 putative membrane-spanning domains and resembles various high- and low-affinity systems for K+ transport in yeasts and plants. TKHp, the product of SpTRK exhibits high homology to TRK1 and TRK2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as to HKT1 of Triticum aestivum, but is not related to HAK1 of another ascomycete, Schwanniomyces occidentalis, suggesting that different routes for potassium uptake evolved independently. This protein is a potassium-specific transporter since functional analysis of the SpTRK complemented mutant strain of Sacch. cerevisiae revealed potassium transport affinities and uptake characteristics similar to those obtained in wild-type Sch. pombe. Patch-clamp analysis in the whole-cell mode confirmed the TKHp-mediated inward current in the complemented strain. The inward current increased by acidification of the extracellular medium thereby suggesting a mechanism of K+H+ cotransport. The inward current is not detectable when external K+ is substituted by Na+, documenting a distinct cation specificity of the protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiotic recombination in RAD54 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 109 (2000), S. 86-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The Rad54 protein is an important component of the recombinational DNA repair pathway in vegetative Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Unlike those in other members of the RAD52 group, the meiotic defect in rad54 is rather mild, reducing spore viability only to 26%–65%. A consistently greater requirement for Rad54p during meiosis was observed in hybrid strains, suggesting that Rad54p has a certain role in interhomolog interactions. Such a role is probably minor as no recombination defects were found in the surviving gametes in three genetic intervals on chromosome V. Also, the spore viability pattern in tetrads did not reflect an increase in nondisjunction at meiosis I indicative of a meiotic recombination defect. We suggest that the meiotic defect of rad54 cells lies in the failure to repair meiosis-specific double-strand breaks outside the context of the highly differentiated pathway leading to interhomolog joint molecules and meiotic crossovers that ensure accurate segregation at meiosis I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050415
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking the homologous pairing protein p175 SEP1 arrest at pachytene during meiotic prophase (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 129-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells containing null mutations in the SEP1 gene, which encodes the homologous pairing and strand exchange protein p175 SEP1 , enter pachytene with a delay. They arrest uniformly at this stage of meiotic prophase, probably revealing a checkpoint in the transition from pachytene to meiosis I. At the arrest point, the cells remain largely viable and are cytologically characterized by the duplicated but unseparated spindle pole bodies of equal size and by the persistence of the synaptonemal complex, a cytological marker for pachytene. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that in arrested mutant cells maximal chromatin condensation and normal homolog pairing is achieved, typical for pachytene in wild type. A hallmark of meiosis is the high level of homologous recombination, which was analyzed both genetically and physically. Formation and processing of the double-strand break intermediate in meiotic recombination is achieved prior to arrest. Physical intragenic (conversion) and intergenic (crossover) products are formed just prior to, or directly at, the arrest point. Structural deficits in synaptonemal complex morphology, failure to separate spindle pole bodies, and/or defects in prophase DNA metabolism might be responsible for triggering the observed arrest. The pachytene arrest in sep1 cells is likely to be regulatory, but is clearly different from the RAD9 checkpoint in meiotic prophase, which occurs prior to the pachytene stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352322
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion of fermentation products in dark and anaerobically incubated cyanobacteria (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 155 (1991), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Fermentation ; Lactate ; Acetate ; Ethanol ; Glycollate ; Formate ; Oxalate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An arbitrarily chosen selection of 37 cyanobacterial strains of the Oldenburg culture collection were tested for their ability of fermentation and secretion of fermentation products. In all examined strains at least one fermentation product could be detected. For the most part fermentation products were only shed in traces. Thus, for a large part of the investigated strains fermentation does not seem to be a sufficient metabolism to survive dark and anaerobic periods. Only five strains secreted remarkable amounts of products. Glycollate was mostly found in combination with formate and/or traces of oxalate. Lactate, ethanol and acetate were found in combination or single. Most of those strains sheding high amounts of glycollate and formate, did not show a remarkable lactate, ethanol or acetate excretion; those excreting high amounts of lactate, ethanol or acetate produced only minor volumes of glycollate and formate. It was not possible to find similar fermentation patterns by comparing fermentation of species belonging to the same family. Organisms fermenting or not fermenting could be found among marine, brackish and freshwater cyanobacteria. Fermentation, therefore seems to be a unique, and likely old capability among cyanobacteria, which was partly lost during evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous heterolactic and acetate fermentation in the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limosa incubated anaerobically in the dark (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Oscillatoria ; Cyanobacteria ; Glycogen ; Trehalose ; Fermentation ; Lactate ; Ethanol ; Acetate ; Sulfide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limosa, strain 23 (Oldenburg) was investigated with respect to its dark anaerobic metabolism. As soon as the cells were incubated anaerobically in the dark, they started to ferment. Glycogen was presumably degraded via the heterolactic fermentative pathway. Glycogen-glucose was degraded to equimolar amounts of lactate, ethanol and carbon dioxide. The disaccharide trehalose, which serves as an osmoprotectant in O. limosa, was also catabolized. Most probably, this compound was fermented almost exclusively to acetate. Some hydrogen was produced as well. In the presence of elemental sulfur, fermentative hydrogen production ceased and sulfide was produced instead. The presence of elemental sulfur had no effect on the amounts and ratios of the fermentation products produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454875
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF ROCKFISH (Sebastes miniatus) AND SILVER SALMON (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) fillets and salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) steaks were held in atmospheres containing 20% or 40% carbon dioxide, with or without 1% carbon monoxide. Controls were stored similarly in air. At intervals of refrigerated storage up to 14 days, samples were removed for sensory, chemical, and microbiological analyses. At 7 days, all treatment groups were significantly different visually, with appearance of slime on the air controls, but not on samples in the gas treatments. Samples held in air were judged by panelists to have stronger aromas than others held under carbon dioxide at either level. The higher level of carbon dioxide was more effective. Values for thiobarbituric acid were low in all groups; hypoxanthine values varied widely, with no particular effect due to modified atmospheres. Storage under carbon dioxide was effective in reducing the formation of trimethylamine and ammonia, and markedly inhibited microbial growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb03878.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity and community structure of methane-oxidising bacteria in a wet meadow soil (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 41 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The structure and activity of the methane-oxidising microbial community in a wet meadow soil in Germany were investigated using biogeochemical, cultivation, and molecular fingerprinting techniques. Both methane from the atmosphere and methane produced in anaerobic subsurface soil were oxidised. The specific affinity (first-order rate constant) for methane consumption was highest in the top 20 cm of soil and the apparent half-saturation constant was 137–300 nM CH4, a value intermediate to measured values in wetland soils versus well-aerated upland soils. Most-probable-number (MPN) counting of methane-oxidising bacteria followed by isolation and characterisation of strains from the highest positive dilution steps suggested that the most abundant member of the methane-oxidising community was a Methylocystis strain (105–107 cells g−1 d.w. soil). Calculations based on kinetic data suggested that this cell density was sufficient to account for the observed methane oxidation activity in the soil. DNA extraction directly from the same soil samples, followed by PCR amplification and comparative sequence analyses of the pmoA gene, also detected Methylocystis. However, molecular community fingerprinting analyses revealed a more diverse and dynamic picture of the methane-oxidising community. Retrieved pmoA sequences included, besides those closely related to Methylocystis spp., others related to the genera Methylomicrobium and Methylocapsa, and there were differences across samples which were not evident in MPN analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00986.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of a Methylocystis strain containing a novel pmoA-like gene (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 41 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A type II methanotrophic bacterium (Methylocystis strain SC2) was isolated from a polluted aquifer and identified based on morphology and on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny. Primers targeting the particulate methane monooxygenase subunit A gene (pmoA) were used to obtain a PCR product from DNA extract of strain SC2. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of this PCR product demonstrated that strain SC2 contained two very different pmoA-like genes. One gene (pmoA1) had very high sequence homology to pmoA genes of other type II methanotrophic bacteria (identical amino acid sequence to pmoA of some other Methylocystis strains). The second gene (pmoA2) possessed only 73% identity with the first gene at the nucleotide level and 68.5% identity (83% similarity) at the amino acid level. The presence of both pmoA-like genes was verified by developing specific oligonucleotide probes for each and using these in Southern hybridisation of genomic DNA. Purity of the culture was exhaustively verified with a variety of methods to ensure that both genes were present in a single genospecies. These included microscopic examination, plating on various media, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR products of the 16S rRNA gene (universal to bacteria) and of the methanol dehydrogenase α-subunit gene mxaF (universal to methylotrophic bacteria), and whole-cell hybridisation with fluorescently labelled 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes specific for the genera Methylosinus and Methylocystis, or specific for strain SC2. Reverse transcription PCR of extracted RNA suggested that the novel pmoA2 gene was not expressed during growth under standard conditions used for the cultivation of these bacteria. The presence of multiple, diverse pmoA-like genes in a single genospecies of methanotrophic bacteria implies that pmoA must be cautiously applied as a phylogenetic marker in cultivation-independent molecular ecology studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00962.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Broncho-Pulmonary Cryptosporidiosis in Four HIV-Infected Patients (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb05007.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclospora sp :Life Cycle Studies in Patient by Electron-Microscopy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb05042.x
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