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  • 1
    Unknown
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Chemistry, Organic ; Chemistry, inorganic ; Medicine ; Toxicology
    ISBN: 9783540329121
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Electronics ; Materials ; Nanotechnology
    ISBN: 9783540328209
    Language: English
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 46 (1959), S. 93-94 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 167-171 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.70.+w ; 61.43.Hv ; 68.55.-a
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have used variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to study the aggregation of two-dimensional Ag clusters on Pt(111). A transition from randomly ramified to dendritic fractal growth is observed in the diffusion-limited regime. Atomic-scale observations have identified the anisotropy of edge diffusion as microscopic origin of this crossover. Dependent on the deposition flux, this anisotropy is either amplified to the macroscopic-cluster shape and trigonal dendrites result, or it is degenerated and randomly ramified fractals occur. Our study elucidates the close relation between fractal and dendritic pattern formation in diffusion-limited aggregation on a two-dimensional lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.16.Di ; 82.65.-i ; 73.20.-r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present atomic scale STM pictures of clean and oxygen containing Al(111) surfaces. Little influence of the surface oxygen on the topography of the surfaces is found. Three different oxygen species can be distinguished. One of them is associated with adsorbed oxygen and found to grow in small islands upon adsorption at 300 K. Characteristic hexagonal nuclei, created upon annealing of a dilute oxygen adlayer, represent the second one. By comparison with existing spectroscopic data these are assigned to nuclei of a surface oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 45-64 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 18 (1969), S. 134-151 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Stickstoff-Düngung kann in der Regel neben einer Ertragssteigerung im Pflanzenaufwuchs auch zu einer quantitativen Variation der N-haltigen Substanz in der erntereifen Nahrungspflanze führen. Diese „Qualitätsveränderung“ des Nahrungsmittels im Komplex Rohprotein (N × 6,25) oder anderer N-haltiger Pflanzen-Inhaltsstoffe (z.B. NO3) ist ernährungsphysiologisch bedeutsam. Das Studium des N-Stoffwechsels der Pflanze unter verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen, insbesondere der Stickstoff-Düngung, hat bis heute einen umfassenden Einblick in die chemisch-analytisch erfaßbaren Fraktionen der N-haltigen Substanz in der Pflanze gebracht. Die ernährungsphysiologische Bedeutung des Komplexes der N-Fraktionen und ihrer Variabilität kann in der Regel nur grob eingeschätzt werden. Die Ursachen hierfür liegen nicht zuletzt im erforderlichen Aufwand für ernährungsphysiologische Untersuchungen. Es wird ein Einblick in den Verwertungsgang von N-Verbindungen aus Pflanzen im tierischen Organismus gegeben und die Reaktionen hervorgehoben, die ernährungsphysiologisch primär relevant erscheinen. Methoden zur Erfassung ernährungsphysiologischer Wirkungen und die Wahl geeigneter Versuchstiere für die Übertragbarkeit der Versuchsergebnisse auf den Menschen, werden diskutiert. Die Gesamtproblematik wird an Hand von Beispielen über die Änderung des biologischen Eiweißwertes durch N-Düngung (Getreide, Kartoffeln, Grünkohl) und der Wirksamkeit spezifischer ernährungsphysiologischer Noxen (NO3 im Spinat) aufgezeigt. Es wird aus den Beispielen die Schlußfolgerung gezogen, daß auf dem Gebiet der Ernährungsforschung eine Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Folgedisciplinen — Pflanzenproduktion-Ernährungsphysiologie — notwendig ist.
    Abstract: Résumé En régle générale, la fumure azotée peut également entrainer à coté d'un accroissement du rendement des cultures une modification quantitative des substances contenant de l'azot dans les plantes alimentaires à maturité. Cette modification de la qualité des produits alimentaires en ce qui concerne les matières azotées totales (N × 6,25) ou d'autres substances végétales azotées est d'une grande importance sur le plan de la physiologie de la nutrition. L'étude du métabolisme de l'azot chez les végétaux dans des conditions ambiantes diverses, en particulier lors de la fumure azotée, a donné jusqu'à présent un vaste aperçu des composants chimiquement analysables de la matière azotée végétale. L'importance nutritionelle de l'ensemble des composants azotés et de leur variabilité ne peut en général être estimée qu'approximativement. Cela provient particulièrement de l'importance des moyens nécessaires pour les recherches de physiologie nutritionelle. Nous donnons un aperçu sur le cours de la transformation des composés azotés végétaux dans l'organisme animal et soulignons les réactions qui semblent importantes au point de vue de la physiologie de la nutrition. Nous discutons les méthodes d'appréciation de la valeur nutritionelle et le choix des animaux d'expérience permettant l'application des résultats à l'homme. La position du problème est mise en évidence au moyen d'exemples qui montrent la modification de la valeur biologique de la protéine par la fumure azotée (céréales, pommes de terre, chou vert) et qui montrent l'action des nuisanies spécifiques nutritionelles (NO3 dans les épinards). On peut conclure à l'aide de ces exemples qu'une collaboration de plusieurs disciplines complémentaires-production des plantes - physiologie de la nutrition — est indispensable dans le domaine des recherches sur la nutrition.
    Notes: Abstract Besides its growth stimulating and yield increasing effect on plants, fertilization with nitrogen may also lead to quantitative variation in the quality of food plants, ripe for harvesting. This variation in the quality of plant foods estimated by their crude protein (N × 6.25) content or other N-containing compounds (e.g. NO3) is of nutritional importance. Research in the nitrogen-metabolism of plants grown on variable conditions, e. g. fertilizing with different amounts of nitrogen, resulted in an extensive knowledge on N-constituents of plants as can be measured by chemical analytical methods. The nutritional significance of all the N-containing fractions and their variability in plant material can so far be estimated only marginally. Reasons for this are mainly due to the high expense of nutritional experiments. The metabolic course of N-constituents from plants feed to the animal is described, stressing those reactions being most important to nutrition. Methods of estimating the nutritive effects of plant material are discussed. The reliability of applying results obtained by animal experiments to the human are considered. The overall problems are demonstrated on figures showing the variation in the biological value (B V) of plant foods having given different amounts of N (cereals, potatoes, kale) and the effect of specific nutritionally peculiar reacting compounds (e.g. NO3 in spinach). It is concluded that research in nutrition demands cooperation of several disciplines such as plant production and nutritional physiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 9 (1999), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS: 61.46.+w Clusters, nanoparticles, and nanocrystalline materials – 81.15.Hi Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy – 68.65.+g Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We present a novel method for the fabrication of well-ordered, two-dimensional nanocluster arrays. The method is based on the confined nucleation of adatoms within the superstructure cells of periodic surface dislocation networks, which form in many heteroepitaxial systems. We show how quantitative understanding of adatom diffusion and heterogeneous nucleation on such surfaces can be obtained through kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations and discuss the potential of this approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 339 (1991), S. 792-795 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary All emissions from incomplete combustion contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are a well-known class of carcinogens. The question whether additional carcinogenic compounds do exist in these emissions can be answered by separating the emission condensate into a PAH-containing and a PAH-free part. These parts have been tested in an animal experiment by means of a carcinogen-specific test system such as topical application onto the skin of mice or injection into the lung of rats. The investigation on the contribution of PAH-fractions and of benzo(a)pyrene to the carcinogenic potential of emission condensate from gasoline driven engines, Diesel engines, coal combustion in domestic furnaces and sidestream smoke of cigarettes shows that the carcinogenic effect of the particle phase of these pyrolytic condensates is predominantly caused by polycyclic aromatic compounds such as PAH. In all cases investigated the PAH-fraction containing 4 and more rings accounted for more than 75% of the total carcinogenic effect resulting from the implantation into the lung of rats or from the topical application onto mouse skin. The contribution of benzo(a)pyrene to the carcinogenic potency of various condensates, however, is minor in all cases investigated and accounts for only 0.17% to 4% of the total carcinogenicity as evaluated from implantation into the lung of rats (Table 1).
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