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  • Springer  (76)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (19)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1
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    Titanium dioxide/silicon hole-blocking selective contact to enable double-heterojunction crystalline silicon-based solar cell (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-27
    Description: In this work, we use an electron-selective titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) heterojunction contact to silicon to block minority carrier holes in the silicon from recombining at the cathode contact of a silicon-based photovoltaic device. We present four pieces of evidence demonstrating the beneficial effect of adding the TiO 2 hole-blocking layer: reduced dark current, increased open circuit voltage (V OC ), increased quantum efficiency at longer wavelengths, and increased stored minority carrier charge under forward bias. The importance of a low rate of recombination of minority carriers at the Si/TiO 2 interface for effective blocking of minority carriers is quantitatively described. The anode is made of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) heterojunction to silicon which forms a hole selective contact, so that the entire device is made at a maximum temperature of 100 °C, with no doping gradients or junctions in the silicon. A low rate of recombination of minority carriers at the Si/TiO 2 interface is crucial for effective blocking of minority carriers. Such a pair of complementary carrier-selective heterojunctions offers a path towards high-efficiency silicon solar cells using relatively simple and near-room temperature fabrication techniques.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Communication: Visible line intensities of the triatomic hydrogen ion from experiment and theory (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-23
    Description: The visible spectrum of H 3 + is studied using high-sensitivity action spectroscopy in a cryogenic radiofrequency multipole trap. Advances are made to measure the weak ro-vibrational transitions from the lowest rotational states of H 3 + up to high excitation energies providing visible line intensities and, after normalisation to an infrared calibration line, the corresponding Einstein B coefficients. Ab initio predictions for the Einstein B coefficients are obtained from a highly precise dipole moment surface of H 3 + and found to be in excellent agreement, even in the region where states have been classified as chaotic.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Bioaccumulation of Selected PCBs in Zebrafish, Three-Spined Stickleback, and Arctic Char After Three Different Routes of Exposure (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0090-4341
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0703
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory and practice of image formation by the photoprojection method of submicron patterns (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 85.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical projection of masks is a very troublesome task if dimensions are in the submicron range. It is difficult to get an undistorted image in the resist. This problem can be overcome by introducing corrections in the penultimate mask. Till now this has been done by a trial and error method in which an acceptable pattern is made only after a time consuming iterative process. In this paper a description will be given of the image forming process in which diffraction at the penultimate mask and at the aperture of the lens are the critical features. Based upon this theory correction formulas are derived for the direct design of penultimate masks. Rules for maximum edge sharpness are given, so that the tolerance demands on the production process can be relaxed. Extensive experimental measurements are in good agreement with theory. It will be shown theoretically as well as practically that by asymmetrical arrangement of the optical system images of gratings with 0.2–0.3 μm linewidth can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885123
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rayleigh curve and coercive force of thin MnBi films (1973)
    Springer
    Applied physics 2 (1973), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Thin MnBi films ; Coercive force ; Rayleigh curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Statistical Rayleigh-curve theory is applied to thin evaporated MnBi films in order to obtain information concerning the density of wall pinning centra. The treatment results in a prediction of the coercive forceH c and the average distance between adjacent wall pinning centra, 2L 0. The coercive forceH cis also measured experimentally. The results of the two methods are in good agreement with each other. The influence of dislocations on the coercive force is discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883975
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angular distribution of electrons elastically scattered from xenon and caesium atoms (1982)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 431-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si discute lo scattering elastico di elettroni dagli atomi di cesio e xenon ad energie di collisione al di sotto dei 40 eV. Si studia l'uso del potenzialeX α con α=0.55 e si confrontano i nostri calcoli che usano questo potenziale con sezioni d'urto sperimentali. Si è trovato un ragionvole accordo con le distribuzioni angolari misurate di Gehenn e Reichert, Kleweret al., respettivamente, in contrasto con i calcoli esistenti di Fink e Yates, Walker e McCarthyet al.
    Abstract: Резюме Обсуждается упругое рассеяние электронов на атомах ксенона и цезия при энергиях ниже 40 эВ. Мы анализируем использованиеХ α-потеициала с α=0.55 и сравниваем наши вычисления, использующие этот потенциал, с экспериментальными поперечными сечениями. Получено разумное согласие с угловыми распределениями, измеренными Гехеном и Райхертом и Клевером и др., в иротивоположность существующим вычислениям Финка и Ятса, Уолкера и Маккарти и др.
    Notes: Summary The elastic scattering of electrons from caesium and xenon atoms at collision energies below 40 eV is discussed. We study the use of theX α-potential with α=0.55 and compare our calculations using this potential with experimental cross-sections. Reasonable agreement has been found with the measured angular distributions of Gehenn and Reichert and Kleweret al., respectively, in contrast to the existing calculations of Fink and Yates, Walker and McCarthyet al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450939
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of ethane in the critical region (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 5454-5462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New experimental data are presented for the thermal conductivity of ethane. The thermal conductivity has been measured with a parallel-plate method as a function of temperature along eleven different isochores so as to obtain detailed information on the enhancement of the thermal conductivity in the critical region. The experimental results appear to be consistent with a recently proposed theoretical equation that accounts for both the asymptotic and nonasymptotic critical behavior of the thermal conductivity of fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458523
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of argon in the critical region (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 6944-6963 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the thermal conductivity of argon at temperatures from 302 K down to 150.8 K and at densities up to 25 mol L−1. The data were obtained with a steady-state method and we employed a guarded parallel-plate apparatus designed especially for investigating the thermal conductivity of fluids in the critical region. To interpret the data in the critical region a scaled crossover equation of state for argon in the critical region has been constructed. Equations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of argon as a function of density and temperature are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468322
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A guarded parallel-plate instrument for measuring the thermal conductivity of fluids in the critical region (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3466-3474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A description is given of the construction and operating procedure of a parallel-plate apparatus for the measurement of the thermal conductivity coefficient of fluids. This instrument can be operated at pressures up to 150 MPa and at temperatures down to 77 K. The use of platinum resistance temperature sensors allows measurements with temperature differences between upper and lower plate as small as 1 mK, which together with the small plate separation of 155 μm, makes the instrument suitable for both the normal fluid region as well as for the region very close to the critical point. The complete working equations for the instrument are presented and evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140494
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of methane in the critical region (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 10535-10555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the thermal conductivity of methane at temperatures from 308 K down to 190.585 K, which is just 21 mK above the critical temperature, and at densities up to 14 mol L−1. The data were obtained with an improved guarded parallel-plate cell with a new cryostat that was built especially for measurements in the critical region of methane. The new experimental data have a higher accuracy than those reported previously in the literature and enable us to examine the validity of the currently available theoretical description of the asymptotic and nonasymptotic behavior of the thermal conductivity of fluids in the critical region. Equations for the thermal conductivity of methane in a wide range of temperatures and densities are also presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472943
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