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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of bredinin in renal transplant patients (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bredinin ; immunosupressive agent ; pharmacokinetics ; renal transplant patients ; renal function ; absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A pharmacokinetic study of bredinin, a new immunosupressive agent, was carried out in 28 renal transplant patients. Serum bredinin concentration-time curves were analyzed using a one-compartment open model with a first order absorption process. The peak serum bredinin level appeared 2.4 h after oral administration of bredinin 50–200 mg. The calculated mean peak serum level was 0.852 µg/ml/mg/kg, when the dose was adjusted to the body weight of the patient. In the dosage range used of 0.85–4.46 mg/kg, a linear relationship was observed between the dose and the peak serum bredinin level. The elimination rate of bredinin from serum was dependent on kidney function, and the elimination rate constant was well correlated with the endogenous creatinine clearance. No circadian rhythm was apparent in the elimination rate constant. The absorption rate of bredinin from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was affected by GI diseases. The need for dosage adjustment based on the renal function of the transplant patient is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609886
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of trace amounts of gold and silver in high-purity iron and steel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after reductive coprecipitation (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 368 (2000), S. 344-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trace amounts of gold and silver in high-purity iron or steel were preconcentrated by reductive coprecipitation with palladium using ascorbic acid, and determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). Both gold and silver could be simultaneously separated and sensitively determined in 10 metals (aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium and zinc). Comparable values were obtained for gold and silver in reference materials (low alloy steel) by the proposed method and a non-separation method; good agreement was found between the analytical values by both methods and the certified values. The proposed method is easy, simple and not dependent on sample composition and content. Moreover, gold and silver in metal samples could be simultaneously separated together with selenium and tellurium. The detection limits for gold and silver (3 σ) are 0.003 μg g–1 and 0.002 μg g–1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000455
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of embedded shocks in supersonic free-shear-layer structures (1996)
    Springer
    Shock waves 6 (1996), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Key words:Supersonic free shear layer, Instability, Coherent structure, Acoustic interaction, Shock-avoiding mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract. Although the suppressed instability of supersonic free shear layer flow has been documented by many investigators, the underlying physics are still ambiguous. In the present study, numerical simulations were performed to cast physical insight into the two-dimensional large-scale structure which is organized in a supersonic free shear layer. It is found that an acoustic interaction of the disturbed shear layer with a flow channel wall or another shear layer is indispensable to generate the organized structure. The undisturbed vorticity layer is deformed into a traveling wavy one. As the flow Mach number increases, its degree of deformation decreases so that the formation of shock waves embedded in the structure is avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001930050034
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of Spherical Dense Nickel Particles by Pyrolyzing the Aerosol of an Ammine Complex Solution in Nitrogen Atmosphere (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1998), S. 1227-1230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006510231006
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of dense spherical Ni particles and hollow NiO particles by spray pyrolysis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 1313-1318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dense spherical Ni particles were prepared from nitrate solution by spray pyrolysis in a H2–N2 atmosphere. Hollow NiO particles with rough surfaces were formed first at low temperature and then reduced to Ni by H2 above 300°C. Subsequent intraparticle sintering of the Ni crystallites gave rise to densification of Ni particles as the temperature was raised; most Ni particles became dense above the pyrolysis temperature of 1000°C. However, when a N2 atmosphere was used, hollow NiO particles were formed, which did not densify even at 1200°C due to the lack of sintering. The dense Ni particles obtained were of good crystallinity and good oxidation resistance, especially for those formed at higher pyrolysis temperatures and longer residence times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004546014867
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithium ion conductive glass and its application to solid state batteries (1998)
    Springer
    Ionics 4 (1998), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1862-0760
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three kinds of coin-type battery, In-Lix / Li1−xCoO2, Li4/3+xTi5/3O4 / Li1−xCoO2, and Li2+xFeS2 / Li1−xCoO2, were fabricated with a Li+ ion conductive glass as an electrolyte, and their properties were investigated. They show excellent performance thanks to the solid electrolyte. Iron sulfide is found to be an excellent electrode material in solid state rechargeable batteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375778
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomization and determination of traces of copper, manganese, silver and lead in microamounts of steel. atomic-absorption spectrometry using direct atomization of solid sample in a graphite-cup cuvette (1982)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 312 (1982), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The electrothermal atomic-absorption spectrometry of copper and manganese in steels, which are comparatively difficult to atomize, has been studied with direct atomization from one grain of solid sample. The absorption intensities and evaporation rates of these elements are dependent on the atomization temperature and their diffusion rate in iron. Evaporation rates of copper and manganese from steel are dependent on the weight of sample taken, because of the slow diffusion rate and high atomization temperature. The surface area of a sample plays an important role for the evaporation of trace elements from solid samples. Optimum conditions for their atomization include repetitive atomization at about 2080° C. On the other hand, easily atomizable elements such as silver and lead are determined by a single heating step. Evaporation of these elements is also affected by the surface area of the solid sample. Detection limits are 0.1 ng for Cu, 0.04 ng for Mn and 0.008 ng for Ag.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur direkten Spurenanalyse von Kupfer, Mangan, Silber und Blei in Stählen wird eine normale Graphit-Becherküvette verwendet, mit deren Hilfe kleine Proben direkt in fester Form eingebracht werden können. Die Absorptionsintensitäten und Verdampfungsgeschwindigkeiten hängen von der Temperatur und der Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit im Eisen ab. Die Oberfläche der Proben spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verdampfung von Spurenelementen aus Festkörpern. Mehrfache Aufschmelzung für Kupfer und Mangan ist erforderlich bei Temperaturen von etwa 2080° C. Leicht atomisierbare Elemente (Ag, Pb) können mit einer einmaligen Heizstufe bestimmt werden. Die Verdampfung wird in diesem Fall auch von der Oberflächengröße der Probe beeinflußt. Die Nachweisgrenzen betragen 0,1 ng für Cu, 0,04 ng für Mn und 0,008 ng für Ag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00467723
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace analysis of zinc and bismuth in high purity tin by polarized zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry with direct atomization of solid samples (1983)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 315 (1983), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Traces of zinc and bismuth in small amounts of high purity tin (0.5 ∼ 25 mg) were determined by polarized Zeeman AAS with direct atomization of a solid sample in a electrothermal graphite-cup cuvette. Standard solutions of zinc and bismuth were employed for the calibration curve. Absorption intensities (peak areas of the absorption signals) for zinc and bismuth were not influenced by the residual tin in a graphite-cup cuvette, up to 25 mg for zinc and up to 10 mg for bismuth. The relative standard deviations of analytical results were 9 ∼ 43% for 0.002 ∼ 0.05 ppm of zinc and 5 ∼ 10 % for 0.06 ∼ 1.3 ppm of bismuth. Detection limits were 0.012 ng for zinc and 0.03ng for bismuth. These values correspond to 0.0005 ppm of zinc in 25 mg of tin and 0.03 ppm of bismuth in 10 mg of tin. Time (incl. weighing the sample) required for analyzing one sample was about 5 min.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Spuren Zink (0,002 ∼ 0,05 ppm) und Bismut (0,06 ∼ 1,3 ppm) wurden in reinem Zinn mit polarisierter Zeeman-AAS bestimmt. Eine kleine Menge der Probe (0,5 ∼ 25 mg) in fester Form wurde direkt mit Hilfe einer elektrothermischen Graphit-Becherküvette atomisiert. Eichkurven von Zn und Bi wurden mit Standardlösungen aufgestellt. Sn in der Graphit-Becherküvette beeinflusst die Absorptionsintensität von Zn bis zu 25 mg und von Bi bis zu 10mg nicht. Die relative Standardabweichung betrug 9 ∼ 43% für 0,002 ∼ 0,05 ppm Zn und 5 ∼ 10% für 0,06 ∼ 1,3 ppm Bi, die Nachweisgrenzen 0,012 ng für Zn und 0,03ng für Bi. Diese Werte entsprechen 0,005 ppm Zn in 25 mg Sn und 0,03 ppm Bi in 10 mg Sn. Die Durchführung einer Analyse benötigt etwa 5 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00476402
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  • 9
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    Suppression of embedded shocks in supersonic free-shear-layer structures (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0938-1287
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2153
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Determination of trace amounts of gold and silver in high-purity iron and steel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after reductive coprecipitation (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-04
    Print ISSN: 0937-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1130
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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