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1

Electronic Resource

Errors in time delay measurements (1971)

Bungum, H. ; Husebye, E. S.

Springer

Pure and applied geophysics 91 (1971), S. 56-70

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ISSN: 1420-9136

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Summary Simple delay and sum of sensors in a seismic array is an effective method for noise suppression. However, unless we have precise steering delays, much of the signal energy is lost during the beam forming process too. We have investigated possible error sources in time delay measurements, using a computerized cross-correlation procedure. Parameters perturbed are correlation window length and positioning, signal frequency content and signal to noise ratio (SNR). Our results indicate that relative low frequency waves and using the very first part of theP-signals give the most reliable and stable time delay values. High frequency bandpass filtering improves SNR, but signal correlation and the precision in beam steering corrections decrease. Significant loss of high frequency energy during beamforming seems to be unavoidable.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879557

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2

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Attenuation of seismic waves in the Jan Mayen island area (1986)

Havskov, J. ; Kvamme, L. B. ; Bungum, H.

Springer

Marine geophysical researches 8 (1986), S. 39-47

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ISSN: 1573-0581

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract An analysis of the attenuation of seismic waves as measured by the quality factorQc (for coda waves) has been performed for the volcanic Jan Mayen island in the Norwegian Sea, using earthquakes near the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and local seismic stations on the Jan Mayen island.Qc values of the order of 100 at a frequency of 1 Hz are found, increasing to about 300 at 10 Hz. These values are typical of what usually is observed in tectonically influenced areas near oceanic/continental plate boundaries. It is considered likely that these results are influenced by the fact that the Jan Mayen island, in spite of its proximity to a fracture zone, is located in the northern end of the Jan Mayen Ridge, which now is accepted as being a micro-continent. The presence of the active Beerenberg volcano on the Jan Mayen island does give rise to a somewhat stronger attenuation for waves traversing that area, but this effect is weak and quite limited in spatial extent. There is also a slight increase in attenuation as a function of depth, but less than what is observed in terms of lateral variations. This is reasonable in view of the very strong lateral variations in lithospheric structure exhibited in this area.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02424827

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3

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Seismic hazard assessment for Guatemala City (1996)

Villagran, M. ; Lindholm, C. ; Dahle, A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Natural hazards 14 (1996), S. 189-205

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ISSN: 1573-0840

Keywords: Central America ; probabilistic seismic hazard ; peak ground acceleration ; fault and area sources ; logic tree model

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Guatemala is one of the Central American countries that for some years now have been participating in a regional program for natural hazard assessment and disaster reduction, funded by the Nordic countries and coordinated by a regional institution (CEPREDENAC Centro de Coordinacion para la Prevencion de Desastres Naturales en America Central ). Recent work related to seismic hazard has included the standardization, reporting and processing of seismicity data across the borders, followed by regional hazard modeling. The work presented here for Guatemala City represents a step from a regional to a more local level, based on reevaluation of historical seismicity, geological data related to active faults, and attenuation relations recently derived from analysis of strong motion records from the region. The site specific hazard calculations indicate that expected values of peak ground acceleration are ranging from less than 2 to more than 6 m s−2, corresponding to annual exceedence probabilities ranging from 0.1 to 0.001, respectively.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128266

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Attenuation of seismic waves in the Jan Mayen island area (1986)

Havskov, J. ; Kvamme, L. B. ; Bungum, H.

Springer

In: Marine Geophysical Research. 1986; 8(1): 39-47. Published 1986 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02424827.

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Publication Date: 1986-03-01

Print ISSN: 0025-3235

Electronic ISSN: 1573-0581

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

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The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000-1899 (2012)

Stucchi, M. ; Rovida, A. ; Gomez Capera, A. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

In: Journal of Seismology. 2012; 17(2): 523-544. Published 2012 Oct 12. doi: 10.1007/s10950-012-9335-2.

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Publication Date: 2012-10-12

Description: In the frame of the European Commission project "Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe" (SHARE), aiming at harmonizing seismic hazard at a European scale, the compilation of a homogeneous, European parametric earthquake catalogue was planned. The goal was to be achieved by considering the most updated historical dataset and assessing homogenous magnitudes, with support from several institutions. This paper describes the SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC), which covers the time window 1000-1899. It strongly relies on the experience of the European Commission project "Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology" (NERIES), a module of which was dedicated to create the European "Archive of Historical Earthquake Data" (AHEAD) and to establish methodologies to homogenously derive earthquake parameters from macroseismic data. AHEAD has supplied the final earthquake list, obtained after sorting duplications out and eliminating many fake events; in addition, it supplied the most updated historical dataset. Macroseismic data points (MDPs) provided by AHEAD have been processed with updated, repeatable procedures, regionally calibrated against a set of recent, instrumental earthquakes, to obtain earthquake parameters. From the same data, a set of epicentral intensity-to-magnitude relations has been derived, with the aim of providing another set of homogeneous Mw estimates. Then, a strategy focussed on maximizing the homogeneity of the final epicentral location and Mw, has been adopted. Special care has been devoted also to supply location and Mw uncertainty. The paper focuses on the procedure adopted for the compilation of SHEEC and briefly comments on the achieved results. © 2012 The Author(s).

Print ISSN: 1383-4649

Electronic ISSN: 1573-157X

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

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Long-period ground-motions for large European earthquakes, 1905-1992, and comparisons with stochastic predictions (2003)

Bungum, H. ; Lindholm, C.D. ; Dahle, A.

Springer

In: Journal of Seismology. 2003; 7(3): 377-396. Published 2003 Jan 01. doi: 10.1023/a:1024505229355.

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Publication Date: 2003-01-01

Description: Data from European earthquakes in the magnitude range 5 to 8 between 1905 and 1992 have been collected and collated, for distances between 200 and 3400 km. The data include both analog and digital records, with priority on wave paths traversing northern Europe. Historical analog records from Uppsala and De Bilt have been digitised, and appropriate response functions established. New estimates of seismic moments and moment magnitudes have been obtained, which together with moment magnitudes from other sources have been compared to surface wave magnitudes. The location of the largest north European earthquakes substantiate earlier suggestions that rifted regions (passive margins, rifts and grabens) may have the largest seismic potentials. A random-vibration (stochastic) model for prediction of observed peak amplitude, period and Fourier acceleration spectra has been developed and calibrated against intermediate and long-period observations. Reasonably good correspondence between predictions and observations are obtained when using a simple Brune source spectrum, new values for seismic moments and moment-magnitude relations, together with reasonable assumptions for stress drop, geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation. The model is useful first of all for predicting broad regional averages, but as such it is robust, and it also has the potential to be used in an engineering context for predicting spectral response and peak ground accelerations. Some of the empirical data have also been studied in terms of pseudo-relative spectral velocity and compared to strong-motion response spectral prediction models established for northwestern Europe, again for low frequencies. Irrespective of these prediction models we emphasize, however, that the establishment of the data base itself has been an independent and important purpose of this study.

Print ISSN: 1383-4649

Electronic ISSN: 1573-157X

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by Springer

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