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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of photosynthetic production of a marine phytoplankton population using a stable 13C isotope (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 73 (1983), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of stable isotope of carbon, 13C, for the determination of the photosynthetic rate of a marine phytoplankton population was examined. Particular concern was paid to the effects of non-phytoplanktonic organic carbon and the enrichment of inorganic carbon on the estimation of the photosynthetic rate. Photosynthetic rates determined by the 13C method showed a remarkable agreement with those determined by the 14C method. Insitu determinations of photosynthetic rate were made in three different water types: open ocean, coastal and neritic waters, which included oligo- and mesotrophic waters, by using the 13C method established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396282
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ accumulation of methane bubbles in a natural wetland soil (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 56 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Natural wetlands are a significant source of atmospheric methane, an important greenhouse gas. Compared with numerous papers on measurements of methane emission from natural wetland surfaces, there are few reports on methane configuration and distribution within wetland soil profiles. By using a newly designed gas sampler, we succeeded in collecting free-phase gas from beneath the water table down to 120 cm in a peat. The volumetric percentage of methane in the gas phase increased with depth and was generally more than 50% beneath the zone within which the water table fluctuates. The volume of the gas phase in the peat beneath the water table was estimated to be from 0 to 19% with significant variation with depth, suggesting uneven distribution of gas bubbles. Using the volume ratio of the gas and liquid phases and methane concentration data in the gas phase, as well as assuming that methane was in equilibrium (based on Henry's Law between the two phases), we calculated that ∼60% of the methane accumulates in the form of bubbles. These results suggest the importance of ebullition in methane emission, which might be a major cause for the reportedly large variation of methane emission in both space and time. Most importantly, our results show the need to consider gaseous-phase methane for understanding the production, transport and emission mechanisms of methane in wetlands, which has been overlooked to date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00674.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological studies on viral nervous necrosis of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus Thunberg, at the grow-out stage (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Viral nervous necrosis caused by sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV) has occurred in grow-out stages (0–3 years old) of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, since the 1980s. In the present study, based on histopathological features of the central nervous system (CNS) in naturally diseased fish, pernasal infection experiments using grow-out fish were performed and pernasal infection was established as a putative invasion route of SGNNV. The definite SGNNV-targeted cells were determined by histopathological studies including indirect fluorescent antibody test and electron microscopy. Nerve cells in the olfactory lobe were most extensively necrotized with vacuolation followed by infiltration of microglia and macrophages. Purkinje cells and Golgi cells were extensively infected in the cerebellum. Megalocells and small nerve cell nuclei were also infected in the preoptic area, thalamus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Only a few small nerve cells were infected in the olfactory bulb and optic tectum. The retina of some diseased fish displayed vacuolated bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. These SGNNV-infected nerve cells displayed viroplasmic inclusions containing virions, vacuoles and myelin-like structures. Based on observed histopathological changes, the lesion of the CNS was characterized by encephalitis but not encephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00559.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic similarity of iridoviruses from Japan and Thailand (1997)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Iridovirus infection causes serious economic damage in marine cultured fish in Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore, and the incidence of this disease has been increasing. Iridovirus of sea bass from offshore Hong Kong was isolated to determine the genetic similarities of the causative agents. The genomic DNA of iridovirus was purified and cloned. Four DNA clones were randomly chosen and sequenced to generate primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Corresponding DNA fragments of iridoviruses from sea bass from offshore Hong Kong, red sea bream in Japan and grouper in Thailand were detected. The analogous PCR products from geographically diverse iridoviruses may indicate a widespread distribution of an iridovirus of a single origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.d01-115.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility of cultured juveniles of several marine fish to the sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Piscine nodaviruses (betanodaviruses) have been tentatively divided into four genotypes (SJNNV, RGNNV, TPNNV and BFNNV) and it is suggested that host specificity is different among these genotypes. In the present study, a betanodavirus [sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV)] belonging to the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype, to which most betanodaviruses from warm water fish are identified, was evaluated for its pathogenicity to hatchery-reared juveniles of several marine fish species. When challenged with the virus by a bath method (105.1 TCID50 mL−1), sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, displayed behavioural abnormalities and mortalities with distinct histopathological signs of viral nervous necrosis and heavily immunostained cells were observed in the central nervous tissues and retina. Bath-challenged rock fish, Sebastiscus marmoratus, and a hybrid of sevenband grouper and kelp grouper, E. moara, did not display any behavioural abnormality or mortality during the experimental period, although many fish showed slight signs of viral infection in nerve cells. Kelp grouper and red sea bream, Pagrus major, showed no behavioural abnormality, mortality or immunohistopathological changes after the virus challenge. These results are, in part, consistent with the natural host range of RGNNV, indicating the complexity in the host specificity of betanodaviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00440.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gill filament necrosis in farmed Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel), infected with Herpesvirus anguillae (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A herpesviral gill disease accompanied by mass mortality occurred in Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel), reared in warm water ponds from 1993 to 1995. Diseased fish displayed marked haemorrhage and congestion within gill filaments and destruction at the tips of affected filaments with necrosis and inflammation in the central connective tissue and the central sinus. Electron microscopy revealed herpesvirus particles in infected fibrocytes within the filamental connective tissue. The isolate was identified as Herpesvirus anguillae by a neutralization test. Infectivity experiments with the isolates revealed that the virus was pathogenic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00197.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Landau laminar intermediate state structures: Surface energy between normal and superconducting domains in type I superconductors with small κ values (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 71 (1988), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An expression for the surface energy at the normal-superconducting boundaries of a laminar intermediate state structure is derived as a function of a s /δ, where a s is the width of superconducting domains and δ the surface energy parameter. Numerical calculations show that the ratio δ/ξ (ξ is the coherence length) is almost constant for a s/δ larger than the limit of about 4. This value corresponds to the critical film thickness that separates the regions of type I and type II superconducting behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118577
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of hyaluronic acid at the metal surface (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Hyaluronic acid ; degradation ; molecular weight ; metal surface ; hydroxyl radical
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  When the viscosity of hyaluronic acid (HA) solution was measured with a rotational visco-meter, depolymerization occurred only by leaving the sample in the cup of the viscometer, while the solution in a glass test tube at the same temperature, 37 °C, was practically stable during the entire period of investigation. As the parts where the sample solution had contact with the viscometer are stainless steel, the participation of metal ions in the depolymerization was suspected. Therefore, experiments were carried out with stainless-steel beads in the HA solution. The results show that the molecular weight of HA decreased on exposure to the beads under aerobic conditions. The addition of 10 beads to 2 ml of a 0.1% HA solution prepared with 0.2 M NaCl reduced the molecular weight to about 75% of the initial value after 4 h. The degradation rate was proportional to the surface area of the beads. However, no dissolution of metal ion was detected, and therefore, this reaction was thought to proceed at the surface of the metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050257
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination method for residual 1,3-dichloro-and 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy) benzene (nip and cnp) in fish and shellfish (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1979), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01769916
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BamHI-SacI RFLP and Gm analysis of the immunoglobulin IGHG genes in the Northern Selkups (west Siberia): new haplotypes with deletion, duplication and triplication (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 105 (1999), S. 530-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Gm immunoglobulin allotypes have been studied in 1157 individuals of seven Northern Selkup populations, which account for 80% of the entire population of this west Siberian tribe. This study confirms that the northern Selkup populations are a Caucasoid-Mongoloid hybrid. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the IGHG genes using double BamHI-SacI digests, performed on 475 DNA samples, allowed us to describe nine new BamHI-SacI haplotypes (BS47 to BS55), eight of them being characterized by IGHG gene deletion or duplication: G1 (BS49) or G4 (BS55) deletion, G4 duplication (BS51), GP-G2-G4 multigene deletion (BS50), duplication (BS48, BS53 and BS54) or triplication (BS52). A new rare Gm haplotype 15,16*;1,17;23 has been found associated with BS52. The BS51 haplotype characterized by a duplicated G4 gene (additional 7.85 kb G4 band identifying a new G4*C5 allele) was always found associated with the Gm 5*;3;23 haplotype. A high RFLP diversity has been observed for the Northern-Mongoloid haplotype Gm 15,16*;1,17;.. which was found (1) with the BS27 haplotype characterized by a 3-exon hinge G3 gene, (2) with two different GP-G2-G4 multigene duplications, BS53 and BS54 haplotypes, which differ by the size of the duplicated G4 genes, and (3) with the BS55 haplotype characterized by a G4 deletion. In the Northern Selkups, haplotypes with duplicated genes were observed at a higher frequency (24%) than haplotypes with deleted genes (6%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900187
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