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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 5631-5635 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The highly 〈012〉-oriented LaNiO3 thin films were fabricated on SiO2coated Si(111) wafers by pulsed laser deposition at 690°C with a well prepared target. The stability of the interface and the smoothness of the surface were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrical resistivity of the films at 300 K is 2.6 × 10−5Ωm. The results of this work suggest that the films can be applied to the bottom electrode of ferroelectric memory devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 223-236 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Jurassic ; Palaeoecology ; Palaeosalinity ; Portugal ; Lusitanian Basin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Carbon and oxygen isotopes were determined on 40 recrystallized shells of Late Jurassic bivalves from the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal. In contrast with the oxygen isotopes, which exhibited considerable diagenetic distortion, the carbon isotopes are thought to preserve a record of the salinity of the Jurassic marginal marine seas in which these bivalves lived. The reconstructed palaeosalinities range from 35%o (euhaline) to 5% (oligohaline). Comparing these values with the palaeosalinity reconstructed from a palaeoecological analysis of 17 stratigraphic levels within the basin, the independently derived values agree in most cases. Strongly differing values are explained as being due to biotic factors and to diagenetic distortion of the isotopic signal; they are less likely to be due to smallscale time-averaging or insufficient microstratigraphic sampling. On the whole, the carbon isotope analyses are thought to produce reasonable palaeosalinity values, although data from infaunal, originally aragonitic bivalves appear to be less reliable than those from epifaunal bivalves with a predominantly or exclusively calcitic shell. As diagenetic alteration of the carbon isotope signal is, however, unpredictable and biotic effects on the isotopic composition are insufficiently known, palaeosalinity reconstructions based on stable isotope data should be supported by palaeoecological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Designs, codes and cryptography 14 (1998), S. 5-22 
    ISSN: 1573-7586
    Keywords: perfect Mendelsohn packing designs ; incomplete perfect Mendelsohn designs ; transversal designs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A (v, k, 1) perfect Mendelsohn packing design (briefly (v, k, 1)-PMPD) is a pair (X, A) where X is a v-set (of points) and A is a collection of cyclically ordered k-subsets of X (called blocks) such that every ordered pair of points of X appears t-apart in at most one block of A for all t = 1, 2,..., k-1. If no other such packing has more blocks, the packing is said to be maximum and the number of blocks in a maximum packing is called the packing number, denoted by P(v, k, 1). The values of the function P(v, 5, 1) are determined here for all v ≥5 with a few possible exceptions. This result is established by means of a result on incomplete perfect Mendelsohn designs which is of interest in its own right.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 77.55.+f; 77.80.Dj; 77.80.Fm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. New methods for fabricating highly 〈001〉-oriented and complete 〈111〉-textured Pb(Ta0.05Zr0.48Ti0.47)O3 (PTZT) films on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si(001) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition have been developed using conductive oxide La0.25Sr0.75CoO3 and SrRuO3 electrodes. The 〈001〉-preferred orientated PTZT ferroelectric capacitor was not subjected to loss of its polarization after 1×1010 switching cycles at an applied voltage of 5 V and a frequency of 1 MHz, and the 〈111〉-textured PTZT film capacitor retains 94.7% of its polarization after 1.5×1010 switching cycles at 5 V and 50 kHz. The PTZT capacitors using these conductive oxide electrodes have low leakage current dominated by Schottky field emission mechanism.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 77.55+f; 77.80.Dj; 77.80.Fm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The heterostructures La1-xSrxCoO3/Pb(Ta0.05 Zr0.48Ti0.47)O3(PTZT)/La1-x SrxCoO3 have been deposited on SiO2/Si(001) substrates using Pt/TiO2 as conductive barrier by pulsed-laser deposition. La0.25Sr0.75CoO3(25/75) bottom electrodes with a pseudo-cubic perovskite structure favors (001)-textured growth of PTZT films. The ferroelectric capacitor LSCO(25/75)/PTZT/LSCO(25/75) remains about 96% of its polarization after 5×1010 switching cycles at an applied voltage of 5 V and a frequency of 500 kHz. The cross-section morphology of scanning electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectra show that no obvious interdiffusion occurs across the interfaces.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.40 ; 42.55.Lt ; 42.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the temporal coherence (i.e., the coherence length) and the output power of a multi-longitudinal-mode Ar+ laser operated near the threshold current is studied. The experimental measurements show that the coherence length is a hyperbola as a function of the output power. A simple model of the multimode equal-amplitude power spectrum is employed in the theoretical analysis. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. It is shown that for a multi-longitudinal-mode Ar+ laser, the product of coherence length and the output power is almost a constant.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.40 ; 43.55.Lt ; 42.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the temporal coherenceg (1) (τ) and laser parameters - the output relative intensity (I 1/I 2) and the frequency widthδϕ h of the longitudinal mode in a two-longitudinal-mode HeNe laser - is studied experimentally. The experimental results show that both the relative output intensity and the frequency width of the longitudinal mode have a great influence on the temporal coherenceg (1) (τ). Moreover, the spectral line-shape function of each longitudinal mode in a two-longitudinal mode HeNe laser is a Lorentzian function, with a frequency width of about 18.2 MHz. A model of the power spectrum with Gaussian amplitude distribution and equal frequency width of the longitudinal mode in a multi-longitudinal-mode gas laser is employed in the theoretical analysis. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 18 (1995), S. 37-63 
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Electro-osmosis ; pore water pressure ; alternating current ; coupled flow ; numerical solutions ; analytical solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pore pressure development in a soil specimen due to electro-osmosis under alternating current conditions is examined theoretically. Solutions to the governing equation are derived for one-dimensional flow with boundary conditions corresponding to an impervious (conventional no-flow boundary), a partially drained boundary, and a partially drained boundary with an intervening permeable zone between the boundary and the soil. These latter two boundary conditions can arise from details of pore pressure measuring systems at the specimen boundaries during laboratory experiments. An analysis of the solutions indicates that for a perfect no-flow boundary, excess pore pressures measured at an electrode consist of a steady state and rapidly-decaying transient response. The pore pressures exhibit a 45 degree phase shift relative to the applied electric current. The effect of the partially drained boundary is to reduce the peak to peak amplitude of the pore pressure and to increase the phase shift to as much as 90 degrees depending on the compressibility of the pore pressure measuring system. The effect of the impeded and partially drained boundary is to further reduce the amplitude of the pore pressures and to increase the phase shift to as much as 180 degrees depending on the relative permeability of the impeded boundary.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Designs, codes and cryptography 6 (1995), S. 133-142 
    ISSN: 1573-7586
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let ν andk be positive integers. A transitively orderedk-tuple (a 1,a 2,...,a k) is defined to be the set {(a i, aj) ∶ 1≤i〈j≤k} consisting ofk(k−1)/2 ordered pairs. A directed packing with parameters ν,k and index λ=1, denoted byDP(k, 1; ν), is a pair (X, A) whereX is a ν-set (of points) andA is a collection of transitively orderedk-tuples ofX (called blocks) such that every ordered pair of distinct points ofX occurs in at most one block ofA. The greatest number of blocks required in aDP(k, 1; ν) is called packing number and denoted byDD(k, 1; ν). It is shown in this paper that $$DD (5,1; v) = \left\lfloor {\frac{v}{5}\left\lfloor {\frac{{2(v - 1)}}{4}} \right\rfloor } \right\rfloor $$ for all even integers ν, where [x] is the floor ofx.
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