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  • Springer  (54)
  • 2000-2004  (42)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: dipeptide analogues ; epimerization ; imidazolide-derived dipeptides ; keto esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary β-Keto esters derived from dipeptides are prepared by application of common methodologies employed for the synthesis of amino acid-derived β-keto esters; however, epimerization of the C-terminal residue occurred to different extents depending on the method. In imidazolide activated dipeptides, this epimerization is due to the CDI activation step and to the configurational instability of the intermediate imidazolides in different reaction media. Regarding yield and diastereomeric purity, the method of choice proved to be the reaction of dipeptide-derived imidazolide with the potassium salt of malonic half esters in the presence of MgCl2.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: dipeptide analogues ; epimerization ; imidazolide-derived dipeptides ; keto esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract β-Keto esters derived from dipeptides areprepared by application of common methodologiesemployed for the synthesis of amino acid-derivedβ-keto esters; however, epimerization of theC-terminal residue occurred to different extentsdepending on the method. In imidazolide activateddipeptides, this epimerization is due to the CDIactivation step and to the configurational instabilityof the intermediate imidazolides in different reactionmedia. Regarding yield and diastereomeric purity, themethod of choice proved to be the reaction ofdipeptide-derived imidazolide with the potassium saltof malonic half esters in the presence of MgCl2.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Keywords Arbuscular-mycorrhiza ; Infectivity ; Fungal isolate ; Salt stress ; Symbiotic efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of salinity on the symbiotic efficiencies and mycelial infectivity of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), one isolated from saline soils (Glomus sp.) and the other (Glomus deserticola) from nonsaline soils (belonging to the Estación Experimental del Zaidín collection). Lettuce plants inoculated with either of these two fungi or maintained as uninoculated controls were grown in soil with three salt concentrations (0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 g NaCl kg–1 dry soil). Both AMF protected host plants against salinity. However, when the results of shoot dry weight and nutrient contents were expressed relative to the total length of mycorrhiza formed, it was found that both AMF differed in their symbiotic efficiencies. These differences were more evident at the two highest salt levels. Glomus sp.-colonized plants grew less and accumulated less N and P, whereas they formed a higher amount of mycorrhiza. The mechanism by which Glomus sp. protected plants from the detrimental effects of salt was based on the stimulation of root development, while the effects of G. deserticola were based on improved plant nutrition. The increase in salinity of soil decreased the hyphal growth and/or viability of Glomus sp. to a higher extent than those of G. deserticola since the mycelial network generated by G. deserticola was more infective than that of Glomus sp.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cryptology 13 (2000), S. 397-416 
    ISSN: 1432-1378
    Keywords: Key words. Undeniable signatures, RSA, Zero-knowledge.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. We present the first undeniable signatures scheme based on RSA. Since their introduction in 1989 a significant amount of work has been devoted to the investigation of undeniable signatures. So far, this work has been based on discrete log systems. In contrast, our scheme uses regular RSA signatures to generate undeniable signatures. In this new setting, both the signature and verification exponents of RSA are kept secret by the signer, while the public key consists of a composite modulus and a sample RSA signature on a single public message. Our scheme possesses several attractive properties. First, provable security, as forging the undeniable signatures is as hard as forging regular RSA signatures. Second, both the confirmation and denial protocols are zero-knowledge. In addition, these protocols are efficient (particularly, the confirmation protocol involves only two rounds of communication and a small number of exponentiations). Furthermore, the RSA-based structure of our scheme provides with simple and elegant solutions to add several of the more advanced properties of undeniable signatures found in the literature, including convertibility of the undeniable signatures (into publicly verifiable ones), the possibility to delegate the ability to confirm and deny signatures to a third party without giving up the power to sign, and the existence of distributed (threshold) versions of the signing and confirmation operations. Due to the above properties and the fact that our undeniable nsignatures are identical in form to standard RSA signatures, the scheme we present becomes a very attractive candidate for practical implementations.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Development (root cap) – Quiescent center – Root cap initials –Zea (root development)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The quiescent center is viewed as an architectural template in the root apical meristem of all angiosperm and gymnosperm root tips. In roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., the quiescent center inhibits differentiation of contacting initial cells and maintains the surrounding initial cells as stem cells. Here, the role of the quiescent center in the development of the maize (Zea mays L.) root cap has been further explored. Three maize root-specific genes were identified. Two of these were exclusively expressed in the root cap and one of them encoded a GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase. Most likely these two genes are structural, tissue-specific markers of the cap. The third gene, a putative glycine-rich cell wall protein, was expressed in the cap and in the root epidermis and, conceivably is a positional marker of the cap. Microsurgical and molecular data indicate that the quiescent center and cap initials may regulate the positional and structural expression of these genes in the cap and thereby control root cap development.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Aliphatic and partially aromatic alternating polyesteramides were prepared from appropriate bisesteramides and aliphatic diols of various chain length. An investigation of their thermal and viscoelastic behaviour showed that the Tm and Tg values of such polyesteramides are those to be expected for a system with intermediate properties between those of the two homopolymers. A discussion of the experimental Tm values in terms of group contributions is presented.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Pentanol ; sodium dodecylsulfate ; micelles ; apparent molar volume ; alcohol-micelle binding constant ; water-micelles alcohol distribution ; mixed micelles ; Poisson statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Densities of the ternary system water-sodium dodecylsulfate (NaDS)-pentanol and of the binary systems butanol-octane and pentanol-octane were measured at 15, 25, and 35 °C. The apparent molar volume of pentanol in the ternary system was analyzed using a mass-action model for the alcohol distribution in micellar solutions. The partial molar volume of alcohol bound to the micelles and the ratio between the binding constant and the aggregation number of the surfactant are calculated. The partial molar volume binding constant, is discussed in terms of solubilization sites of the alcohol in the micelles whereas the binding constant is compared with that derived from the Nernstian partition constant previously obtained calorimetrically. From the binding constant and Poisson statistics the distribution function of the number of alcohol molecules per micelle, as a function of the concentration of alcohol and of surfactant, are calculated. The derived distribution functions show that a large amount of alcohol can be solubilized in the micelles so that alcoholic mixed micelles can be predicted when the concentration of pentanol is greater than that of NaDS.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; binding sites ; synaptosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Immunocytochemical evidence is presented of the ultrastructural localization of binding sites for S-100 protein in synaptosomal fractions and subfractions. Synaptosomes or isolated synaptosomal subfractions were first incubated with S-100, then centrifuged to remove unbound S-100, and finally fixed before treatment with anti-S-100 antiserum, using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. 2. When intact synaptosomes were used, the immunoreaction product was localized to the postsynaptic density including the postsynaptic membrane. In some reactive synaptosomes, the presynaptic membrane was labeled as well, in the region of synaptic contact. No reaction deposit was found in the synaptic cleft or on intrasynaptosomal structures. Divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) were essential for S-100 to interact with synaptosomes. Of the synaptosomal subfractions tested, i.e., synaptic vesicles and intraterminal mitochondria, only synaptic vesicles showed immunoreactivity when treated with S-100 and anti-S-100 antiserum as described above. 3. The S-100 immunoreactivity in synaptic structures documented in this report parallels the distribution of the high-affinity binding sites for radiolabeled S-100 in synaptosomal fractions and subfractions.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 3 (1983), S. 239-254 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; synaptosomes ; S-100 binding sites ; Ca2+-binding protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The125I-labeled S-100 specific binding to a Triton X-100 (TX-100) extract of synaptosomal particulate fractions (SYN) was investigated. 2. The results indicate that (a) S-100 binding to the TX-100 extract is partially irreversible after a critical association time at 37°C, while it is fully reversible after any association time at 4°C; (b) trypsin and phospholipase C partially reverse the S-100 binding, while phospholipase D enhances the interaction to some extent, in a dose-dependent way; (c) EDTA and high concentrations of NaC1 or KC1 are more efficient as inhibitors of the S-100 binding to the TX-100 extract than as125I-labeled S-100 dissociating agents, in analogy with previous observations with SYN; and (d) two main populations of solubilized S-100 binding sites can be evidenced by gel filtration and sucrose gradient centrifugation when low amounts of the TX-100 extract are processed and/or low S-100 concentrations are used, while two additional molecular species are separated when greater amounts of either factors are tested. 3. These results suggest the possibility that S-100 may be involved in the regulation of some membrane activities.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 118 (2000), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the problem of superconductivity in the canonicalensemble which applies to recent experiments on metallicnanoparticles. Spectral properties which can be expressed asuniversal functions allow a quantitative characterization ofthe crossover to “superconductivity” in finite metallicsystems. Parity effects in the ground state and excitationspectrum are discussed. We discuss the thermodynamicquantities as well. The susceptibility for odd grains shows areentrant behavior with temperature. This behavior may be anobservable signature of superconducting correlations inultrasmall grains.
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