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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-dependent flowering phenology, outcrossing, and reproduction in Impatiens capensis (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plant density ; Cleistogamy ; Chasmogamy ; Phenology ; Seed production ; Impatiens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We investigated the effects of plant density on cleistogamous (CL) and chasmogamous (CH) flowering phenology and seed production in a natural Impatiens capensis population, by censusing individually marked plants at experimentally reduced and natural densities. CL flowering was earlier at natural density. This plastic density response may have resulted from a stress-related threshold for CL flowering; slower growing plants at natural density flowered earlier. Although apparently triggered by slow early growth, early CL flowering also involved an additional cost for later growth rate. In contrast, CH flowering was unrelated to relative growth rate, but apparently required a size threshold. Experimental density reduction resulted in earlier CH flowering and a dramatic increase in the percentage of plants producing CH flowers. Individual CL and CH flowering duration and flower production were greater at reduced density. These density-dependent effects caused differences between treatments in the shape and location of population flowering phenology curves. Moreover, the percentage of CH seeds produced per individual was much higher at reduced density. At natural density total seed production per plant was lower and more hierarchical than at lower density, suggesting that dominance and suppression shape jewelweed fitness distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377561
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population analysis based on occupation numbers II. Relationship between shared electron numbers and bond energies and characterization of hypervalent contributions (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 68 (1985), S. 231-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Population analysis ; Bond energies ; Hypervalency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The population analysis based on occupation numbers, originally proposed by Davidson, is briefly reviewed. A new way is proposed to determine modified AOs and to characterize hypervalent contributions. This is discussed in application to the molecules NSF, NSF3, SF6, OPCl, OPCl2, O2PCl, SO2, ClO 4 − . It is the main objective of this work to investigate the connection between shared electron numbers σ — considered as a measure of covalent bond strength — and bond energies, σ is found to be a reliable measure of bond energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00526774
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenol degradation by microorganisms adsorbed on activated carbon (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1985), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The phenol degradation by Candida sp. and Pseudomonas sp. immobilized on activated carbon was investigated. Thanks to its great adsorptive surface, activated carbon is suited as supporting material for microorganisms and also provides a high adsorption capacity for phenol. The immobilization by adsorption avoids any unphysiological treatment of the microorganisms. One gram activated carbon adsorbed in 10 h about 4×109 Pseudomonas cells and 3×108 Candida cells. While the free cells did not tolerate more than 1.5 g/l phenol, the adsorbed microorganisms survived at temporary high phenol concentrations up to 15 g/l, and they degraded about 90% of the adsorbed phenol. The activated carbon operated like a “depot”: the adsorbed phenol diffused out of the carbon and could be metabolized by the microorganisms. The results give an explanation of the stimulating effect of activated carbon in the treatment of waste waters observed until now.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252358
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semicontinuous and continuous degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida P8 adsorbed on activated carbon (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 30 (1989), S. 312-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The semicontinuous and continuous degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida P8 which was immobilized on activated carbon was investigated. The amount of bacteria immobilized on the activated carbon surface dependend on the cell concentration in the suspension and on the type of activated carbon. In a continuous process running for four weeks the biomass, which accumulated in the activated carbon fixed bed, was removed periodically. The average phenol degradation rate in this process was 360 mg/1 h. The degradation activity of the bacteria for phenol, measured by the activity of the catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, was stimulated by the activated carbon. During the fermentation processes the carbon particles were covered with a biofilm. The bacteria grew, especially in the caverns and the entrances of the macropores, whereby the phenol adsorption by the activated carbon was decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256224
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute triple differential cross sections for electron impact ionization of helium: Comparison between experimental and theoretical results at 256 eV collision energy (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 320 (1985), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Triple differential cross sections have been measured for electron impact ionization of helium at 256 eV collision energy, 3 eV energy of the slow outgoing electrons and scattering angles of the fast outgoing electrons of 4°, 6°, 8°, and 10°. The data have been put on absolute scale by extrapolating the generalized oscillator strength to zero momentum transfer. In this optical limit the triple differential cross sections can be normalized by using the well-known cross sections for photoionization. The experimental data are compared with results of different theoretical approaches. For nearly all calculated curves rather good agreement with the measurements is obtained for the relative shape of the binary peak, while often its absolute cross section is overestimated. Concerning the recoil peak, larger discrepancies are found with respect to both, relative shapes and cross sections. A perceptible improvement can be stated for calculations which have been performed in a distorted wave approximation and in second Born approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411929
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on January returns in the U.S. government bond market: The term effect (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of financial services research 2 (1989), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0735
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study documents a previously unobserved January effect in the market for riskless debt. Long-term government bonds have significantly lower returns in January than in the rest of the year. This January effect is opposite in sign to the January effects that have been previously documented in the markets for equity and the markets for risky debt. Tax-loss selling in the equity markets in conjunction with “parking the proceeds” may provide a possible explanation for the negative January effect in the market for government bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00114410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential cross sections of direct single electron impact ionization (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 1 (1986), S. 3-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 34.80D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The experimental and theoretical situations for direct single ionization by electron impact are reviewed with special emphasis on triple differential cross sections for impact energies between several hundred eV and threshold. These cross sections can now be determined in absolute units, thus providing a powerful test of calculations. Only the target atoms helium and atomic hydrogen are considered, with quite simple wave functions, in order to focus attention on the correct description of the collision mechanism and to investigate the ranges of validity of various theoretical models. For the higher incident energies, processes with asymmetric energy partitioning and small momentum transfer are emphasized. For a long time these processes (which represent the predominant majority of all ionizing collisions) could not be calculated satisfactorily. Substantial progress in the theoretical treatment of the problem now allows the reproduction of the correct intensities and peak positions in the angular correlations of the outgoing electrons. It is now clear that double collisions, at least, have to be taken into account to describe the dynamics of these collisions. At lower energies both escaping electrons move rather slowly in the field of the ion core and exchange effects can no longer be neglected. Therefore, the theoretical situation is still rather involved. Close to threshold, recent triple differential cross section measurements permit a partial wave analysis, which should challenge theorists to explain these data by ab-initio calculations. The last chapter of this report deals with the progress in the determination of reliable absolute double differential cross sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01384654
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  • 8
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    Semicontinuous and continuous degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida P8 adsorbed on activated carbon (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Phenol degradation by microorganisms adsorbed on activated carbon (1985)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Differential cross sections of direct single electron impact ionization (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-7683
    Electronic ISSN: 1431-5866
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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