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  • Springer  (201)
  • 1990-1994  (201)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Locomotor response to predator threat in red colobus monkeys (1994)
    Springer
    Primates 35 (1994), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Colobine ; Predation ; Playbacks ; Uganda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The locomotor patterns of red colobus monkeys (Colobus badius) were scored under three different conditions: normal daily activities, in sight of a terrestrial predator, and after the playback of a crowned hawk-eagle call. Relative to the normal movement activities, the terrestrial and avian predator experiments showed fleeing movements to be very rapid with an increase in the frequency of leaping and vertical bounding. Movement distances also increased in response to the avian playback experiments. Although rare, it is possible that rapid movements may better reflect anatomical design than movements during normal daily activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382057
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary variability in primate populations (1990)
    Springer
    Primates 31 (1990), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Diet ; Dietary variability ; Foraging ; Food
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dietary variability among primates is examined based on a review of 46 long-term studies of wild populations. Results suggest that primates do not consistently combine the same kinds of foods in their diets, as many past categorizations would suggest, but rather, that they often switch between diet categories (e.g., fruit, insects, etc.). Dietary variability, as quantified in our review, did not appear to be constrained by phylogeny or to differ between species placed in different diet categories (e.g., frugivores, insectivores, etc.). In addition, dietary variability was not related to body size, habitat productivity, seasonality, population density, or the number of sympatric primate species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381035
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nocturnal primates of kibale forest: Effects of selective logging on prosimian densities (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Galago ; Potto ; Logging ; Conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the potential impact of logging on nocturnal primates, densities ofGalago demidovii, G. inustus, andPerodictus potto were determined in two areas of the Kibale Forest Reserve, Uganda. One of these areas had been logged at a moderate level in the late 1960's, while the second area was relatively undisturbed. The density of the nocturnal primates was lower in the logged area than in the neighboring unlogged area. For the most frequently sighted nocturnal primate,G. demidovii, sightings were spatially clustered both within a year and between years, suggesting that clumped resources and/or social factors were influencing space use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382653
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Community succession following massive ice-scour on a rocky intertidal shore: recruitment, competition and predation during early, primary succession (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 565-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The importance of species interactions and recruitment variability was examined during the first year and a half of primary succession (1988–1989) on an exposed rocky seashore near Halifax, Nova Scotia. Previous work suggested that emergent rock on these shores is normally dominated by fucoid rockweeds because predatory whelks control the sessile animal competitors, mussels and barnacles, and because herbivorous littorinids control ephemeral algal competitors. Abundances of all species except seasonal ephemeral algae were very small throughout this experiment and we found no significant effects of carnivory, herbivory, plant-animal competition or plant-plant competition. A slight facilitation of Fucus recruitment is attributed to a thin mat of ephemeral, blue-green algae. Very few other studies have directly manipulated intertidal ephemeral algae. As primary succession may be very rare in this assemblage, these results may be specific to these circumstances, but they highlight the varying importance of species interactions with variable recruitment. In particular, it appears that variations in recruitment success may be important to community structure, even when recruitment is not limited by propagule supply. The scale of the study also provides insight into successional processes occurring after the recent, extensive ice-scour of exposed seashores in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349363
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic responses and daily carbon balance ofColpomenia peregrina: Seasonal variations and differences between intertidal and subtidal populations (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 108 (1991), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal photosynthetic responses and daily carbon gain of upper intertidal, low intertidal and subtidal (3 to 4 m depth) populations ofColpomenia peregrina were examined over a 2 yr period (1986–1988) in Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. The populations showed significant differences in their photosynthetic responses, daily carbon balance and carbon-specific growth rates when normalized to tissue area or to chlorophyll content. The substantial plasticity with respect to photosynthetic responses shown byC. peregrina is considered to be an important factor in facilitating the colonization of both intertidal and subtidal habitats. This species appears to have a cellular carbon metabolism influenced by responses to season and tidal elevation. Highest net daily carbon balance, predicted carbonspecific growth rates and net growth efficiency were achieved in upper intertidal habitats during summer. These parameters decreased in winter and progressively declined with increasing depth as plants become increasingly exposed to low-light regimes. The diminishing net daily carbon balance and predicted carbon-specific field growth rates found during winter suggest that standing stock and lower subtidal limits of distribution ofC. peregrina are at least partly controlled by these two factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01344345
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding preferences of gammarid amphipods among four species ofFucus (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 109 (1991), S. 503-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Each of fourFucus species occurring on the Atlantic coast of Canada was presented to two species of gammarid amphipods in no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory experiments. We also measured concentrations of anti-herbivore phlorotannins in each of theFucus species. The study site was Cranberry Cove in Nova Scotia, Canada, and experiments were conducted in 1988. In a multiple-choice experiment,F. vesiculosus was very heavily grazed. Other species were much less affected. In a no-choice experiment,F. evanescens, F. spiralis andF. vesiculosus were eaten at similar rates, whileF. distichus was barely grazed. These results correlate with measurements of phorotannin concentrations in each of the species.F. distichus had much higher concentrations than did the other species (which were not significantly different among themselves). There is no general clear-cut relationship between grazer deterrence and competitive capability within the fucoid guild studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313516
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Locomotory behaviour and swimming performance of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, in the presence of an acoustic tag (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations have been made on the locomotory behaviour and swimming performances of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.), fitted with an acoustic transmitter ventrally under the cephalothorax. The walking behaviour of adult males (≥44 mm carapace length) appeared to be unaffected, but the tag caused significant reductions in certain measures of tail-flip swimming performance such as swimming speed and endurance. Flume-tank experiments in low water currents suggested that the transmitter would increase hydrodynamic drag during swimming by 9 to 32%, depending on lobster size. Given the weight and dimensions of the acoustic transmitters currently available, it is considered advisable to confine acoustic tracking studies to relatively large N. norvegicus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349383
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding preferences of periwinkles among four species ofFucus (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 106 (1990), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A widely accepted view of intertidal community organizatiton in the NW Atlantic proposes that fucoid vegetation is maintained by the actions of predators which remove species competitively superior toFucus species. Herbivory is an important component of these predatory interactions, but has been studied largely with reference to the interaction betweenF. vesiculosus andLittorina littorea. There are many species of fucoids and herbivorous invertebrates on the shores of the NW Atlantic and this paper reports field and laboratory experiments performed in 1987 (in or near Halifax, Canada) on the effects of grazing by three species ofLittorina on adults and juveniles of four species ofFucus. In laboratory experiments, portions ofFucus species were presented singly (no choice) or together (multiple choice) to single species ofLittorina. AdultF. distichus was grazed to only a small extent.F. evanescens andF. vesiculosus adult tissues were heavily grazed in most laboratory experiments.F. spiralis adults were heavily grazed in no choice experiments, but were grazed only slightly in multiple choice tests. When adult fucoid tissues were exposed to a mixed suite of grazers in the field, onlyF. vesiculosus was grazed heavily. Tests done on adult tissues showed clearly thatFucus species are highly variable in their vunerability to grazers. Moreover, we found variability among periwinkle species in grazing rates on adultFucus. We also found a great disparity in the feeding rates of different periwinkle species on juveniles ofFucus. Therefore, it is not possible to extrapolate from a single periwinkle species/single fucoid species interaction when attempting to identify vegetation structuring processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114681
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride transmembrane exchange in human erythrocytes measured with 19F NMR magnetization transfer (1990)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 19 (1990), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Erythrocyte ; F- exchange ; 19F NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 19F NMR spectra of sodium fluoride in suspensions of human erythrocytes were seen to yield separate resonances for the F- populations inside and outside the cells. Selective saturation of the magnetization of the intracellular population gave rise to transfer of that saturation to the extracellular population. The extent of magnetization transfer was high and it was blocked by the capnophorin (band 3) anion exchange inhibitor 4,4′-dini-trostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DNDS). A series of magnetization-inversion transfer experiments was carried out for the range of intracellular fluoride concentrations of 11 mM to 136 mM and analysed using one-dimensional ‘overdetermined’ exchange analysis. This yielded an estimate of the equilibrium exchange Michaelis constant and maximal velocity of 27 ± 3 mM and 180 ± 5 × 10-16 mol cell-1 s-1, respectively. There was no alteration of exchange flux of fluoride at an intracellular concentration of 49 mM in the presence of 50 mM glucose; thus suggesting no interaction between glucose and anions in capnophorin-mediated exchange of solutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223572
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of parent compounds of nine organophosphorus insecticides in Ontario surface and ground waters under controlled conditions (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 47 (1991), S. 374-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702197
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