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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductance study of the complexation of substituted and lariat 16-crown-5 derivatives with alkali metal ions in nonaqueous solvents (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 13 (1992), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Solvent and lariat effect ; 16-crown-5 derivatives ; alkali metal ions ; complex stability ; conductometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Formation constants (K ML) of 1:1 complexes of 15-(2,5-dioxahexyl)-15-methyl-16-crown-5 (L16C5) and 15,15-dimethyl-16-crown-5 (DM16C5) with alkali metal ions were determined in acetonitrile (AN) and propylene carbonate (PC) by conductometry at 25°C. Except for the case of Li+-and K+-16C5 complexes in PC, the selectivity sequences of L16C5 and DM16C5 are identical with those of the parent crown ether 16-crown-5 (16C5) regardless of the solvent (AN, PC, methanol) (Na1 〉 Li+ 〉 K+ 〉 Rb+ 〉 Cs+), which show the size-fit correlation. The selectivities of L16C5 and DM16C5 for the alkali metal ions are governed not by the sidearms but by the cavity size. The stability of the crown ether complex is dependent not on the dielectric constant but largely on the donor number of the solvent. TheK ML(M1 +)/K ML(M2 +) ratio of L16C5 or 16C5 varies very much with the solvent in the cases of M1=Na, M2=K and M1=Na, M2=Li, but that of DM16C5 is almost constant regardless of the solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053636
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of japanese serow in relation to social organization and habitat conditions. I. Stability of Japanese serow density in stable habitat conditions (1993)
    Springer
    Ecological research 8 (1993), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: density stability ; habitat ; Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) ; population dynamics ; social organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The density of a Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) population, which has been in stable habitat conditions and free from hunting and predation, was investigated by direct observation of serows at Kusoudomari (336 ha), Wakinosawa village, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, during 1977–89. The vegetation, composed of mature mixed forest ofThujopsis with deciduous trees (43.2%), secondary forest of deciduous trees (23.4%) and a plantation of coniferous trees (30.0%) showed little change during the study period. The serows were counted 17 times each winter for 14 consecutive years. The serow population maintained a stable density with a mean of 12.5 individuals km−2 (SD=1.4) ranging from 8.6 to 14.6 km−2. The ratio of the proportion of kids (〈1 year old) to serows more than 1 year old decreased, but density did not decrease during the study period. Though extremely severe winters with heavy snowfall in 1984–86 caused a decline in serow density, the density recovered within a few years. It was considered that the stability of the serow density resulted mainly from the stable food supply and the lack of human disturbance, such as forest cutting in the habitat. Stable population density for a long period is probably related to the social organization of the serow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of Japanese serow in relation to social organization and habitat conditions. II. Effects of clear-cutting and planted tree growth on Japanese serow populations (1993)
    Springer
    Ecological research 8 (1993), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: clear-cutting ; density change ; habitat ; Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) ; population dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Population responses of Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) to clear-cut logging and planted tree growth were studied by a direct count of the number observed in three areas, Takiyama (305 ha), Gentouziro (270 ha), and Tanokashira (324 ha), near Wakinosawa Village, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, during 1976–89. At Takiyama, a mature mixed forest ofThujopsis dolabrata var.hondai andFagus crenata decreased from 73 to 39% coverage of the area due to clear-cutting during 1978–83. The serow population maintained a relatively low stable density (3–6 individuals per km2) until 1985–87, and increased 5–10 years after the clear-cutting, reaching 9–10 km−2 in 1988. At Gentouziro and Tanokashira, young plantations of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) covered about half of each area. The population densities between 1980 and 1983 were relatively high (14–19 km−2), but declined thereafter, reaching 10–14 km−2 in 1988–89. These results indicated that the density increase resulted from an improvement of food supply due to growth of scrub following the clear-cutting, and that the density decline resulted from a habitat change due to growth of planted Japanese cedar and a decrease in the food supply. In Wakinosawa Village, serow density began to increase 5–10 years after forest cutting, and the high population density, about three- or six-fold larger than that in mature forest, is expected to be maintained for about 20 years after logging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348603
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic sweating response of man to infrared irradiation in various spectral regions (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 18-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Sweating ; Infrared irradiation ; Spectral region ; Cutaneous thermoreceptor ; Skin temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to detect differences in the thermal effect of infrared irradiation of different wavelengths, transient sweating response to infrared irradiation in various spectral regions was examined. In Series 1, the ventral or dorsal surface of the nude subject was irradiated repetitively for a period of 4 min (2 min on, 2 min off) by each of three kinds of infrared heaters with main emissivity in ‘near-infrared’ (NIR; 0.7–2.8 μm), ‘intermediate-infrared’ (MIR; 1.5–5.8 μm), and ‘far-infrared’ (FIR; 2.8–25 μm) regions. The sweating response on a non-irradiated area tended to be the greatest with MIR, while the magnitude of the sweating response on the irradiated area showed no consistent differences among various wavelengths. The results infer that MIR stimulated cutaneous thomoreceptors most effectively, while its direct effect on local sweat gland activity was minimal. In Series 2, the effects of 9–12 min irradiations in more restricted ranges of wavelength were compared by the combination of the three kinds of heaters with filters (translucent to wavelength ranges of 1.3–2.7, 2.7–3.5, 3.6–8.0 μm, respectively). The sweating response on a remote area was predominantly greater with the range of 2.7–3.5 μm than with the other wavelength ranges, while the local effect on sweating was minimal with this range. The results of Series 2 reinforce those of Series 1, indicating that the degree of stimulation of cutaneous thermoreceptors and of direct thermal effect on sweat gland activity differ with spectral regions incident on the skin, thus affecting local and remote effects on the sweating response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 1-nitropyrene retained in leaves of roadside trees (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 888-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196220
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p′-DDT, and trans-chlordane administered subcutaneously to monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate skin lipid analysis for the accumulation level of environmental pollutants, the correlations between organochlorine pesticide residues in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids of monkeys were studied. The mixture of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p′-DDT, and trans-chlordane was subcutaneously given to monkeys once weekly for 5 weeks at dose levels of 1 and 10 mg/kg. The chemicals distributed in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids were determined six times after the last dosing at intervals of 4 to 9 weeks. Oxychlordane and p,p′-DDE were detected in all tissues together with the administered chemicals. In blood and adipose tissue, trans-chlordane decreased rapidly and oxychlordane and p,p′-DDE increased gradually and then remained at constant levels. β-HCH and p,p′-DDT in adipose tissue increased until the 12th week and then decreased in all animals. The correlation coefficients between blood and adipose tissue regardless of dose level and collection time for each chemical ranged from 0.83 to 0.94. Correlation coefficients between skin lipids and adipose tissue varied with the chemical, namely, 0.31, 0.72, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83 for p,p′-DDE, tras-chlordane, p,p′-DDT, β-HCH, and oxychlordane, respectively. The results indicated that skin lipid analysis may be useful for the evaluation of specific pollutants in the body burden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213298
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On free-space Green's functions of a transversely isotropic elastic medium subjected to torsionless ring-like loading (1991)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 61 (1991), S. 222-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Die Greenschen Funktionen für den unendlichen, elastisch transversal-isotropen Körper unter einer ringförmigen, axialsymmetrischen Belastung, die torsionsfrei sei, werden hergeleitet. Dazu werden zwei Potentialfunktionen eingeführt und die Hankel- und Fouriertransformation angewandt. Der isotrope Sonderfall wird ebenfalls angegeben.
    Notes: Summary In this paper we deal with the one of the ways to obtain a free-space Green's function of a transversely isotropic infinite elastic medium which is subjected to a ring-like axisymmetric loading. We assume that the loading is torsionless. To solve the problem, we introduce two potential functions and apply the Hankel and the Fourier transforms. As a special case we solve the same problem of the isotropic medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00794347
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On boundary integral equation formulation for axisymmetric problems of transversely isotropic media (1991)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 61 (1991), S. 414-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Behandelt wird die Formulierung der Randintegralgleichung für den axialsymmetrischen, elastisch transversal-isotropen Körper. Es wird angenommen, daß die Achse der elastischen Symmetrie mit der Rotationsachse zusammenfällt und der Körper einer beliebigen axialsymmetrischen Belastung ohne Torsion unterworfen ist. Ausgeführte numerische Beispiele werden mit Ergebnissen der Finite-Element-Methode verglichen.
    Notes: Summary In this paper we deal with the formulation of the axisymmetric boundary integral equation for the transversely isotropic elastic body. We assume that the axis of elastic symmetry is coincident with the axis of rotation and that the elastic body is subjected to arbitrary axisymmetric loading without torsion. Numerical calculations are carried out and compared with results by the finite element method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00790132
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental properties in fractal nature and thermal analysis of powders (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 1901-1910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: fractal ; TA of powders ; theory of stochastic processes ; size distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Basierend auf einer Aufstellung in der Theorie stochastischer Prozesse wurde eine Hauptgleichung für die Größeverteilung eingeführt, die einen Größenminderungsvorgang beschreibt. Unter Anwendung einer absoluten Größenkonstante und eines Skalenkonzeptes kann man zu einer verallgemeinerten Form der Gaudin-Schuhmann-Gleichung und der Rosin-Rammler-Gleichung gelangen und die enge Beziehung der beiden Formeln zeigen. Von einem neuentwickelten Gesichtspunkt aus wird gezeigt, daß die Gaudin-Schuhmann-Gleichung das Gesetz der Selbstähnlichkeit der Verteilung in der Fractaltheorie erfüllt und bei der Bestimmung thermoanalytischer Eigenschaften von Pulvern eine bedeutende Rolle spielt. Als Beispiel wird gezeigt, daß DTA-Kurven gemahlener Dolomitproben durch Unterschiede in der Partikelgrößenverteilung der Probe entscheidend beeinflußt werden. Sowohl die DTA- als auch die TG-Kurven spiegeln die Pulvereigenschaften sehr gut wieder; beide werden deshalb zur Charakterisierung von Pulverproben vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract Based on a formulation applied in the theory of stochastic processes, a master equation is introduced for the size distribution which describes a size reduction process. Using an absolute size constant and a scaling concept, we can get a generalized form of the Gaudin-Schuhmann equation and of the Rosin-Rammler equation for size-reduced products and show the intimate relationship between these two formulae. From a newly developed fractal point of view, it is shown that the Gaudin-Schuhmann equation satisfies a self-similarity law of distribution in the fractal theory and plays an important role in determining the thermoanalytical properties of a powder. As an illustration, DTA curves for ground dolomites are shown to be greatly influenced by the difference in particle size distribution of the sample. The DTA curves as well as the TG curves reflect well the powder characteristics; the TG-DTA curves are therefore suggested as being useful for characterizing powder samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974684
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation of polyorganophosphazenes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 2 (1992), S. 255-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Polyorganophosphazene ; dielectric relaxation ; two-site model ; conformation analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dielectric relaxation spectra of poly(bis-trifluoroethoxy phosphazene) (PBFP), poly(bis-n-propoxy phosphazene) (PBPP), and poly(bis-n-propylamino phosphazene) (PBPAP) were measured in wide temperature and frequency regions, and the α-relaxation caused by micro-Brownian motion of segments in the rubbery state and the β-relaxation due to the local motions of the polymer in the glassy region were observed. The dielectric spectra of PBFP at temperatures higher than the rubbery region exhibited a mesophase transition at 358 K. From conformation analysis according to the two-site model, it has been elucidated that the mechanism for β-relaxation of these samples is hindered internal rotation of the side groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696551
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