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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of prostaglandin E1 administered by intravenous infusion in human subjects (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 275-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Prostaglandin E1 ; Infusion ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a single-blind, randomized, two-way crossover study with 12 healthy male volunteers, 60 μg of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or placebo was administered by intravenous infusion during a 120-min period. PGE1, 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 (PGE0) and 15-keto-PGE0 plasma concentrations were measured by a highly specific and sensitive GC-MS/MS method. Endogenous PGE1 plasma concentrations ranged between 1.2 and 1.8 pg·ml−1. Endogenous PGE0 and 15-keto-PGE0 plasma concentrations varied from 0.8 to 1.3 pg·ml−1 and from 4.2 to 6.0 pg/ml respectively. During intravenous infusion of PGE1, plasma PGE1 concentrations rose to a level twice as high as during the placebo infusion. In contrast, PGE0 plasma concentrations were 8 times higher during PGE1 infusion than during placebo infusion, and 15-keto-PGE0 plasma concentrations were 20 times higher. The new analytical method has thus been useful to describe the pharmacokinetics of PGE1 and its metabolites PGE0 and 15-keto-PGE0, during and after intravenous infusion of PGE1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192562
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Future developments in research on biological production and degradation of halogenated compounds (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 115-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421511
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Vertex separator is NP-hard even for 3-regular graphs (1991)
    Springer
    Computing 46 (1991), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: PLA-folding ; vertex separation ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei diskrete Optimierungsprobleme beim VLSI-Design sind die Fläche eines programmierbaren logischen Arrays (PLA) zu reduzieren und einen Graphen in möglichst gleich große Teilgraphen zu zerlegen. Wir zeigen, daß eine in der Praxis oft benutzte Flächenreduktionstechnik, das Blockfolding, äquivalent ist zu dem Problem, Graphen durch Wegnahme von Knoten zu zerlegen. Es wird gezeigt, daß dieses Problem schon für 3-reguläre GraphenNP-schwer ist.
    Notes: Abstract Two discrete optimization problems arising in VLSI are to reduce the area of a programmable logic array (PLA) and to separate graphs uniformly. We show that a commonly used area reduction technique called blockfolding is equivalent to separating graphs by vertex deletion. The later problem is shown to be NP-complete even for 3-regular-graphs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257778
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement accuracy of semiconductor LDA systems (1990)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 10 (1990), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A laser Doppler anemometer with a laser diode as the light source, has several advantages: i.e., low power consumption, compactness, and low cost. In order to be fully benefitted by these favorable characteristics, the measurement uncertainty, associated with wavefront distortion in the measuring volume, should be minimized. Furthermore, proper attention should be given to system misalignment caused by external perturbations, such as thermal expansion of the diode-collimator assembly. These considerations lead to a computational procedure for optimizing the layout of the semiconductor LDA system. Calculations are based on a generalized relation for fringe non-uniformity combined with a simulation model for the anemometry system. For this purpose, the optical field of a laser diode is described satisfactorily as a product of a Gaussian and a truncated Lorentzian distribution. The influence of various design parameters is examined by means of an extensive computational study as well as experimental evaluation involving precise scanning of the measuring volume. The performance is improved by employing a small focal length collimator and a large focal length front lens. For measurement of turbulence intensities smaller than 1%, it may become necessary to collect the signals in the side scatter and to use a frequency-domain signal processor. For such an application, temperature control may also be necessary, but it should be applied to the entire diode-collimator assembly and not just to the laser diode as suggested in previous publications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in blue crabs and American lobsters from the Hudson-Raritan estuary and the New York bight (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 52 (1994), S. 734-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195496
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationships between relative growth rate, meristematic potential and compensatory growth of semiarid-land shrubs (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 90 (1992), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Browsing tolerance ; Clipping ; Compensatory growth capacity ; Herbivory tolerance ; Meristematic potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Inherent relative growth rate has been suggested as a major determinant of plant species' capacity to regrow and compensate for tissues lost to herbivores. We investigated: 1) the relationship between compensatory growth capacity and relative growth rate (RGR) in six semiarid-land shrubs following removal in winter or spring of 90% of the previous year's growth, 2) the influence of loss of buds on production of new growth and 3) the relationship between meristematic potential and the capacity to produce new growth in four of the six semiarid-land shrub species. Four-year-old plants growing under field conditions were used in the study. The species with the highest inherent growth rate, sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle], died following the severe clipping treatments. The other five species exactly compensated for lost tissues. Inherent growth rates and compensatory growth capacity of the shrubs were not correlated. Loss of 90% of the buds on the previous year's growth did not limit production of new growth. Instead, shrubs that lost buds produced more new growth biomass than the controls. The shrub species had significantly different meristematic potential. Curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.) and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) had the greatest and least number of buds and long shoots per plant, respectively. The number of long shoots produced following bud removal was positively correlated with new growth biomass, while the percentage of long shoots produced at the basal position on twigs was negatively correlated with new growth biomass. Our results suggest that inherent growth rate is not likely to influence production of new growth following browsing when resources for growth are not limiting. In contrast, the ability of a shrub to initiate long shoot growth is likely to influence production of new growth even when resources for growth are abundant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317696
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome analysis of intergeneric hybrids of apomictic and sexual Australian Elymus species with wheat, barley and rye: implication for the transfer of apomixis to cereals (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apomixis ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye ; Wide hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four hybrids were obtained between three Australian Elymus taxa and three cereal grains: wheat, rye, and barley. Mean meiotic metaphase-I configurations were 41.14 I, 0.42 rod II, 0.003 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Triticum aestivum (1 hybrid plant), 22.27 I, 2.63 rod II, 0.06 ring II, and 0.12 III for E. scabrus var ‘scabrus’ x Secale cereale (4 hybrid plants), and 26.65 I, 0.66 rod II, 0.00 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Hordeum vulgare (13 hybrid plants). The I genome of barley also paired very little in a BIII hybrid of apomictic E. rectisetus x H. vulgare (2 hybrid plants). Megasporogenesis in this BIII hybrid was at least facultatively apomeiotic, with the same sort of nuclear elongation, apomeiotic division, and dyad formation seen previously in E. rectisetus itself. All four hybrid combinations were sterile. While spike morphology in the E. scabrus x T. aestivum and E. scabrus x H. vulgare hybrids were intermediate to their parents, E. scabrus x S. cereale and E. rectisetus x H. vulgare looked like their maternal parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222090
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EHD instabilities in nematics driven by dichotomous noise: Stability criteria and influence of free boundary conditions (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 78 (1990), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Different criteria for the onset of EHD instabilities in nematic liquid crystals driven by dichotomous stochastic electric fields are compared within a 1d linear model. Sample stability gives always higher, energetic stability always lower thresholds than the first moment's stability investigated in a previous paper, showing the same qualitative behaviour. Especially the direct transition towards chaos above a critical strength of the noise and the change from stabilizing to destabilizing effect of the noise with increasing correlation time can be explained. The influence of free boundary conditions is investigated analyzing first moment's stability of a 2d linear model. The thresholds are slightly higher but behave qualitatively like in the 1d model. The Williams strip pattern becomes more narrow both with increasing strength and mean frequency of the noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307840
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propidium-iodide-loaded polyalkylcyanoacrylate particles —labelling conditions and loading capacity (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Cyanoacrylate nanoparticles ; propidium iodide ; nanoparticle ; fluorescent labelling ; fluorescent labelling of nanoparticles ; nanoparticle loading capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles were labelled with the fluorescent marker propidium iodide to follow their cellular distribution. Fixation of propidium iodide onto the nanoparticles can be achieved by its addition to the polymerization medium after initiating the polymerization process. However, the charged propidium iodide was found to distort the anionic polymerization process. Therefore, polymerization conditions were optimized with regard to the time of marker addition and marker concentration, loading capacity, and monodispersity of the nanoparticles size distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00660304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic acid copolymer nanoparticles for drug delivery. Part II: Characterization of nanoparticles surface-modified by adsorption of ethoxylated surfactants (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 100-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Nanoparticles ; acrylic acid copolymer ; ethoxylated surfactants ; hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) ; poloxamer ; poloxamine ; antarox
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Copolymer nanoparticles of acrylic acid, acrylic amide, acrylic butylester, and methacrylic methylester with increasing content of acrylic acid were produced and surface-modified by adsorption of nonionic (Poloxamer 407, Poloxamine 908, Antarox CO 990) and ionic (Gafac RE 960) surfactants. The coated particles were characterized with regard to parameters relevant for the in vivo organ distribution: coating layer thickness, charge-reducing effect of the coating layer and surface hydrophobicity. Gafac was found to form highly charged surface layers leading to recognition by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The hydrophobicity of the coating layers decreased with increasing thickness. The thickest coating layers were found on the most hydrophobic particles possessing least content of acrylic acid (1.9%). These particles coated with the nonionics were regarded as sufficiently hydrophilic to potentially reduce the uptake by the RES in vivo. The properties of coating layers can therefore be optimized by variation of the monomer ratios in copolymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652310
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