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  • Elsevier  (222)
  • Springer  (139)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Copernicus
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 2000-2004  (126)
  • 1990-1994  (169)
  • 1975-1979  (77)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 40 (1978), S. 211-221 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Non-steady-state equations for kidney models are stated. General conservation relations for these equations are derived. Transient equations for the central core model of the renal medulla are developed. Solution of the equations by Laplace transform methods for time invariant volume flows is discussed. The general theory of solving models with time dependent flows by finite difference methods is developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 40 (1978), S. 273-300 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Transient solutions are developed for the buildup of a concentration gradient in the single loop solute cycling model of the renal medulla. The “pump” from ascending limb to descending limb is considered in both unsaturated and completely saturated modes of operation. Both analytic solutions and semianalytic solutions obtained from inverting Laplace transforms are considered. The classic representation of concentration buildup by the multiplication process is compared with calculated profiles. The “single effect” is found to vary both in time and space.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Substitution of measured permeabilities into mathematical models of the concentrating mechanism of the renal inner medulla yields less than the known urine osmolalities. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism we analyse a model in which a force of unspecified origin [expressed as fraction, ɛ, of entering descending thin limb (DTL) concentration] drives fluid from DTL to interstitial vascular space (CORE), thus concentrating the solution in DTL. When flow in the DTL reverses at the hairpin bend of the loop of Henle, the high solute permeability of ascending thin limb (ATL) permits solute to diffuse into the CORE thus permitting ɛ to be multiplied many-fold. Behavior of the model is described by two non-linear differential equations. In the limit for infinite salt permeability of ATL the two equations reduce to a single equation that is formally identical with that for the Hargitay and Kuhn multiplier, which assumes fluid transport directly from DTL to ATL (Z. Electrochem. Angew. Phys. Chem. 55, 539, 1951). Solutions of the equations describing the model with parameters taken from perfused thin limbs show that urine osmolalities of the order of 5000 mosm L−1 can be generated by forces of the order of 20 mosm L−1. It seems probable that mammals including desert rodents use some variant of this basic mechanism for inner medullary concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 267-274 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: vitamins; activated sludge; industrial wastewater; porous pots; Amtox™
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The process performance and metabolic rates of samples of activated sludge dosed with vitamin supplements have been compared. After initial screening, four vitamins and two metals as single supplements and in pairs, were dosed continuously into the mixed liquor of an activated sludge simulation. Toxicity, oxygen demand removal, respiration rates and suspended solids were measured to monitor the effect on process efficiency. It was confirmed experimentally that an industrial wastewater stream did not contain a sufficient supply of micronutrients for efficient biological treatment. This was concluded from the observation that control sludge batches (receiving no supplements) averaged chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 58%. Dosing micronutrients into the mixed liquor produced removal efficiencies of up to 69%. Some of the supplements increased the respiration rate of the sludge while some decreased it, indicating a range of stimulatory and inhibitory effects. Complex interactions between micronutrients that were dosed simultaneously were evident. Several positive effects led to the conclusion that micronutrients have the potential to optimise process performance of activated sludge plants treating industrial wastewater. The addition of phosphorus/niacin and molybdenum/lactoflavin removed wastewater components that were toxic to nitrifiers as indicated through toxicity testing, thus protecting downstream nitrification/denitrification treatment processes. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 267–274.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geometriae dedicata 49 (1994), S. 39-70 
    ISSN: 1572-9168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss an intriguing geometric algorithm which generates infinite spiral patterns of packed circles in the plane. Using Kleinian group and covering theory, we construct a complex parametrization of all such patterns and characterize those whose circles have mutually disjoint interiors. We prove that these ‘coherent’ spirals, along with the regular hexagonal packing, give all possible hexagonal circle packings in the plane. Several examples are illustrated.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 51 (1977), S. 117-119 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recent paper (Varshni, 1976) analyses the distribution of quasar red shifts for randomness, in an incorrect manner. A correct analysis shows that this distribution is in agreement with random expectation. Were the distribution highly non-random, the original conclusion was that, for the red shifts to be cosmological, the Earth would have a strongly privileged position in the Universe. A simple alternative model, in which this would not be so, is pointed out.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mehrere Formationen im unteren Teil der Appin Gruppe der Dalradians sind durch karbonatische und kalk-silikatische Lithologien gekennzeichnet. Amphibole treten in diesen metasedimentären Einheiten in verschiedener Ausbildung auf, als feinkörnige, disseminierte Kristalle, als radialstrahlige, die Gesteine durchwachsende Aggregate und in dunkelgrünen, zu mehr als 90% aus Amphibolen bestehenden Lagen. Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosondenuntersuchungen belegen einfache mineralchemische Zusammensetzungen, die Tremolite, tremolitische Hornblende und Magnesio-Hornblende umfassen. Die einzige bedeutende Substitution ist die zwischen Tremolit und Alumino-Tschermakit [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] und zwischen Tremolit und Ferri-Tschermakit [MgSi = FeviAliv]. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen Amphibole aus den nahegelegenen Metavulkaniten und intrusiven Metadoleriten vier Substitutionstrends von Tremolit zu Ferro-Aktinolith, Edenit, Alumino-Tschermakit und Ferri-Tschermakit. Diese unterschiedlichen Trends könnten auch anderswo bei der Unterscheidung zwischen Para- und Orthoamphiboliten behilflich sein. Tremolitische Amphibole machen normalerweise einen Großteil der kalk-silikatischen Gesteine aus, in denen ansonsten nur Quarz ± Phlogopit auftritt. Karbonate fehlen bemerkenswerterweise. Dies weist auf Mg-reiche sedimentäre Protolithe, wie dolomitische Mergel mit möglicherweise etwas Magnesit, hin. Sedimentologische Überlegungen lassen die Ablagerung in abgeschnürten Küstenlagunen tropischer Breiten, die Teil eines weiträumigen stabilen Schelfes waren, vermuten.
    Notes: Summary Several formations within the lower part of the Dalradian Appin Group are characterised by calcareous and calc-silicate lithologies. Amphibole occurs in these metasedimentary units in a variety of habits, from fine-grained disseminated crystals, through radiating aggregates permeating the whole rock, to dark green layers consisting of over 90% amphibole. Electron microprobe analyses of these amphiboles exhibit simple compositional trends from tremolite, through tremolitic hornblende to magnesio-hornblende. The only significant substitutions are from tremolite towards alumino-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] and from tremolite towards ferri-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ FeviAliv]. This is in marked contrast to amphiboles from nearby suites of metavolcanic rocks and intrusive metadolerites which exhibit four coupled substitutions, leading from tremolite towards the ferro-actinolite, edenite, alumino-tschermakite and ferritschermakite end-members. These distinctive compositional trends may aid the distinction between para- and ortho-amphibolites elsewhere. Tremolitic amphibole commonly constitutes a high proportion of the calc-silicate rocks, the only other phases present being quartz ± phlogopite. Carbonate minerals are notably absent. This suggests that the sedimentary protolith was high in Mg, such as a dolomitic marl, possibly containing some magnesite. Sedimentological considerations suggest deposition in tropical latitudes in restricted coastal lagoons forming part of an extensive stable shelf bordering a mature landscape.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 486-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 479-485 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 14 (1975), S. 304-308 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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