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  • Springer  (28)
  • 1995-1999  (28)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Family with neurofibromatosis type 2 and autosomal dominant hearing loss: identification of carriers of the mutated NF2 gene (1995)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 96 (1995), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A family is presented in which neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and autosomal dominant hearing loss segregate in an apparently independent way. The presence of the latter condition caused anxiety in all family members at risk for NF2 in whom hearing loss became apparent. Previously, we identified a G → A transition in the donor splice site of exon 5 of the NF2 gene in a family member with proven NF2. As expected, the mutation was present in two other family members who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for NF2. Four out of five family members at risk for NF2 developed hearing loss. Two of these had the G → A transition. The mutation was absent in the two other individuals with hearing loss and in the fifth family member without hearing loss or other clinical symptoms. In this family, the identification of the underlying NF2 gene mutation excluded NF2 as the cause of hearing loss in two potential carriers of the mutated gene. On the other hand, it enabled the identification of two carriers of the NF2 gene mutation who did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for NF2. They will have to be monitored very carefully for the development of NF2-associated tumors. The consistent association within this family of a relatively mild clinical phenotype with the NF2 mutation, supports earlier suggestions that intrafamilial variability is small in NF2
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214177
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancer, and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 and glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphisms (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 99 (1997), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study the GSTμ phenotype and ADH genotype at the ADH3 locus were investigated in a group of 39 alcoholic men with upper respiratory/digestive tract cancer: 21 with oropharyngeal cancer and 18 with laryngeal cancer. The results are compared with those of a control group of 37 alcoholic men without alcohol-related medical complications. Of the control subjects, 48% were found to be GSTμ deficient [GSTμ(–)] and 19% carried the ADH3 1/ADH3 1 genotype. In the laryngeal cancer patients, a significantly elevated frequency of both the GSTμ(–) (78%) and ADH3 1/ADH3 1 genotype (56%) was observed, relative to the control group. On the basis of this result, the risk of laryngeal cancer associated with the GSTμ(–) and ADH3 1/ ADH3 1 genotypic combination within the population of alcoholics was estimated to be 12.9 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.8–92 (P 〈 0.01) relative to alcoholic individuals who have GSTμ [GSTμ(+)] and are not ADH3 1/ADH3 1. Thus, alcoholics who are GSTμ(–) and ADH3 1/ADH3 1 have at least an 80% greater risk of developing laryngeal cancer than alcoholics who are GSTμ(+) and who are not ADH3 1/ ADH3 1. In addition, the oropharyngeal cancer patients had excess frequencies of both GSTμ(–) (62%) and ADH3 1/ ADH3 1 (43%) relative to the control group, but these excess frequencies were not statistically significant. The GSTμ(–) and ADH3 1/ADH3 1 genotypic combination may be a constitutional risk factor for laryngeal cancer among alcoholics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050365
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Better to Live with Allogenerics Than to Live Alone? The Case of Single Male Cercopithecus pogonias in Troops of Colobus satanas (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 18 (1997), S. 967-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Colobus satanas ; Cercopithecus pogonias ; solitary males ; intergeneric association ; social benefits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the integration of single male crowned guenons (Cercopithecus pogonias) into troops of black colobus (Colobus satanas). We observed one male Cercopithecus pogonias in three troops of Colobus satanas on 30% of observation days (n = 231). Activities of single males guenons did not differ significantly from those of the colobus with which they associated. Moreover, both species performed simultaneously the same activities more often than expected by chance. Interspecific grooming occurred on several occasions. Furthermore, single male guenons spent as much in time social activities when part of a colobus troop, as they typically do when part of a conspecific group. Unlike solitary male crowned guenons, which are silent, a male that is integrated into a troop of colobus is vocal and emits social alarm calls to which colobus monkeys respond. During the single file movements of colobus troops, single male crowned guenons were integrated in the core of the troop and used the same branches at the same height with the colobus. Thus, the life of a single male crowned guenon with black colobus was social. We suggest that the main benefits that he gained is the possibility to live in a social context. Social interactions could be the key element to explain why single males Cercopithecus pogonias join troops of monkeys so different from their natal groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026348230669
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seminomadic Ranging in a Population of Black Colobus (Colobus satanas) in Gabon and its Ecological Correlates (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 20 (1999), S. 491-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Colobus satanas ; ranging behavior ; carrying capacity ; Caesalpiniaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We observed ranging patterns in a black colobus population in the Forêt des Abeilles, Central Gabon. We compared the results with those for two other populations (Lopé Reserve in Central Gabon, Douala-Edéa in coastal Cameroun) in order to estimate the extent of specific variability in population structure and ranging behavior and to identify ecological factors influencing interpopulation differences. The mean number of monkeys in a group is 17, and all groups had a multimale structure. Home ranges were large, and the fact that they continued to increase with increasing number of observations indicated that the monkeys did not frequently resample their habitat. Ranging patterns varied according to the staple food consumed: distances travelled daily increased with increasing seed intake and decreased with increasing leaf intake. The ranging patterns of groups of Colobus satanas are seminomadic. Up to 6 or 7 groups shared the same space, and two group ranges could overlap by as much as 65–75%. Comparisons with the two populations previously studied showed that group size and group structure are broadly similar. At all three sites, black colobus were mainly seed eaters and ate large amounts of leaves in the season of fruit shortage. In the Forêt des Abeilles, however, group home ranges were much larger than at other sites, and this population had the lowest density. This is correlated with vegetation composition and with harshness of the main dry season. This colobus population appears limited by both recurring food shortage in the dry season and episodic periods of seed shortage resulting from irregular fruiting of the dominant family Caesalpiniaceae. Their seminomadic ranging would constitute the least costly strategy to cope with the low carrying capacity of their habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020334605892
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A generalized method of moving asymptotes (GMMA) including equality constraints (1996)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 12 (1996), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A convex programming optimizer called GMMA (Generalized Method of Moving Asymptotes) is presented in this paper. This method aims at solving engineering design problems including nonlinear equality and inequality constraints. The basic feature of this optimizer is that the efficient dual solution strategy together with the flexible GMMA approximation scheme are used. Especially, nonlinear equality constraints can be exactly satisfied by the intermediate solution of each explicit subproblem because their linearization is updated in an internal loop of the subproblem. This method will be illustrated by a hydrodynamic design application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01196948
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Parametric Estimation Approach for Groove Dimensioning Using Remote Field Eddy Current Inspection (1999)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 11 (1999), S. 39-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. The remote field eddy current technique is used for dimensioning grooves that may occur in ferromagnetic pipes. We propose a method to estimate the depth and the length of corrosion grooves from the measurement of a pick-up coil signal phase at different positions close to the defect. Groove dimensioning needs the knowledge of the physical relation between measurements and defect dimensions; therefore, finite-element calculations are performed to obtain a parametric algebraic function of the physical phenomena. The parameters of this model function are obtained by an optimization technique. By means of this model and a previously defined general approach, an estimate of groove size may be given. In this approach, algebraic function parameters and groove dimensions are linked through a polynomial function. To validate this estimation procedure, a statistical study has been performed. The approach is proved to be suitable for real measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene dispersal from transgenic crops (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Biosafety ; Gene flow ; Hoary mustard ; Interspecific hybrid ; Oilseed rape Pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The risk of release of genetically modified oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was investigated in relation to interspecific gene flow with hoary mustard (Hirschfeldia incana). Microscopic studies showed polymorphism within the population of hoary mustard for pollen germination on oilseed rape flowers. The transgenic herbicide-resistant and a commercial cultivar of oilseed rape were not different for pollen behaviour and ovule fertilization. Pollen tube growth was slow and erratic in interspecific crosses. Fertilization efficiency of oilseed rape and hoary mustard pollen in interspecific crosses was 15% and 1.3%, respectively, of that in intraspecific crosses. This unequal efficiency in reciprocal crosses was confirmed by hybrid seed set in pods. There was no post-zygotic barrier to the development of hybrid embryos in hoary mustard pods. Up to 26 spontaneous hybrids per male sterile oilseed rape plant, and one per hoary mustard plant, were obtained in field experiments. Hybrids were identified by isozyme electrophoresis, morphology and cytology. All hybrids were triploid with 26 chromosomes, and had low fertility. They produced 0.5 seeds per plant after spontaneous backcrossing with hoary mustard. Some of these descendants were produced from unreduced gametes. Our results suggest that gene flow is likely to occur, but its actual frequency under crop growing conditions remains to be estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173097
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene dispersal from transgenic crops (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Biosafety ; Gene flow ; Hoary mustard ; Interspecific hybrid ; Oilseed rape ; Pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The risk of release of genetically modified oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was investigated in relation to interspecific gene flow with hoary mustard (Hirschfeldia incana). Microscopic studies showed polymorphism within the population of hoary mustard for pollen germination on oilseed rape flowers. The transgenic herbicide-resistant and a commercial cultivar of oilseed rape were not different for pollen behaviour and ovule fertilization. Pollen tube growth was slow and erratic in interspecific crosses. Fertilization efficiency of oilseed rape and hoary mustard pollen in interspecific crosses was 15% and 1.3%, respectively, of that in intraspecific crosses. This unequal efficiency in reciprocal crosses was confirmed by hybrid seed set in pods. There was no post-zygotic barrier to the development of hybrid embryos in hoary mustard pods. Up to 26 spontaneous hybrids per male sterile oilseed rape plant, and one per hoary mustard plant, were obtained in field experiments. Hybrids were identified by isozyme electrophoresis, morphology and cytology. All hybrids were triploid with 26 chromosomes, and had low fertility. They produced 0.5 seeds per plant after spontaneous backcrossing with hoary mustard. Some of these descendants were produced from unreduced gametes. Our results suggest that gene flow is likely to occur, but its actual frequency under crop growing conditions remains to be estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial charge-changing cross sections for neutron-deficient isotopes from58Ni fragmentation (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 352 (1995), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Ft ; 25.70.Np ; 27.40.+z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract At the projectile-fragment separator FRS of GSI, relativistic secondary beams of about 520 MeV/nucleon were produced by fragmentation of a primary beam of58Ni at 650 MeV/nucleon in a beryllium target. By means of aΔE—Bρ—TOF measurement, the fragments were identified and their charge-changing probabilities in targets of (CH2) n , C, Al, and Pb placed at the exit of the FRS were determined. Whereas a first article dealt with the total charge-changing cross sections, we describe in this second article the element distributions of these secondary fragments, which are found to depend strongly on the isospin of the secondary projectile as well as on the target material. In the case of the lead target, the influence of the electromagnetic dissociation is clearly visible in the one-proton and two-proton removal channels. The preference for the formation of even-Z fragments is much more pronounced for exotic secondary projectiles than for projectiles close to stability. Calculations with a geometrical abrasion-ablation model allow to understand the global features of the experimental data. However, far from stability, the discrepancies between calculations and experimental data increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01292762
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total charge-changing cross sections for neutron-deficient isotopes from58Ni fragmentation (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 352 (1995), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Ft ; 25.70.Np ; 27.40.+Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract At the projectile-fragment separator FRS of GSI, relativistic secondary beams of about 520 MeV/nucleon were produced by fragmentation of a primary beam of58Ni at 650 MeV/nucleon in a beryllium target. By means of aΔE—Bρ—TOF measurement, the fragments have been identified and their charge-changing probabilities in targets of CH2, C, Al, and Pb have been determined. We describe the results for the total charge-changing cross sections in this first paper, whereas a second article deals with the partial charge-changing cross sections. At the drip line, the measured charge-changing cross sections exhaust close to 100% of the total interaction cross sections as calculated with semiempirical models. The measurements at the proton drip line with low-Z targets indicate that only a very small increase of the cross sections may be observed, whereas the measurements with a lead target show that no significant increase of the total charge-changing cross sections is present which would be a hint for low-lying dipole strength. Our experimental data are compared to Glauber-type calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01292761
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