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  • Springer  (139)
  • Wiley  (55)
  • 1995-1999  (194)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The normal density of prime ideals in small regions (1998)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 125 (1998), S. 111-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Keywords: 11R44 ; Gaussian Primes ; HeckeL-functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For a Gaussian prime ω∈ℚ(i) define ρ(ω)=min|ω−ω′| where ω′ runs through Gaussian primes satisfying |ω′|〉|ω|. We prove that, subject to the Riemann Hypothesis for appropriateL-functions $$\sum\limits_{N\omega \leqslant x} {\frac{{\rho ^4 (\omega )}}{{N\omega }} \ll \log ^3 x,}$$ which generalises a result due to Selberg (Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab47 (1943) 87–105).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332822
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen permeation inhibition by thin layer Zn–Ni alloy electrodeposition (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 889-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: zinc ; zinc-nickel ; hydrogen ; permeation ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of hydrogen permeation by zinc-nickel electrodeposited alloy was investigated using the Devanathan–Stachurski permeation technique. The hydrogen evolution and hydrogen permeation rates for the zinc–nickel alloy electrodeposits on iron are compared with the rates for bare iron, zinc electroplated on iron, and nickel electroplated on iron. Hydrogen evolution rates and hydrogen permeation rates were followed as functions of time at different applied potentials. The hydrogen permeation inhibition for thin zinc–nickel electroplates (20s at 10mAcm−2 and 10s at 20mAcm−2) averaged 80% and intermediate to that of nickel and zinc. This inhibition was considered to be mostly due to kinetic effects. Zinc–nickel electroplated for 20 and 40min. at 10mAcm−2 inhibited the hydrogen permeation greater than 95% as compared to bare iron. This inhibition was due to both kinetics and the barrier effect caused by the diffusion resistance of the membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003408230951
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the semi-simplicity of the $U_p$ -operator on modular forms (1998)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 310 (1998), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 11F11, 14G20, 14G40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002080050140
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the dynamics of flexure and stretch in the theory of elastic rods (1995)
    Springer
    Archive for rational mechanics and analysis 129 (1995), S. 147-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379919
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen availability to grain sorghum from organic and inorganic sources on sandy and clayey soil surfaces in a greenhouse pot study (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: 15N transformations ; Crop residues ; Soil texture ; Soil aggregation ; Microbial pool ; Microbial biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a greenhouse pot study, we examined the availability of N to grain sorghum from organic and inorganic N sources. The treatments were15N-labeled clover residues, wheat residues, and fertilizer placed on a sandy clay loam and loamy sand soil surface for an 8-week period. Soil aggregates formed under each soil texture were measured after 8 weeks for each treatment. Significantly greater 15N was taken up and recovered by grain sorghum in sandy clay loam pots compared with loamy sand pots. Greater 15N recovery was consistently observed with the inorganic source than the organic sources regardless of soil texture or time. Microbial biomass C and N were significantly greater for sandy clay loam soil compared with the loamy sand. Microbial biomass 15N was also significantly greater in the sandy clay loam treatment compared to the loamy sand. The fertilizer treatment initially had the greatest pool of microbial biomass 15N but decreased with time. The crop residue treatments generally had less microbial biomass 15N with time. The crop residues and soil texture had a significant effect on the water-stable aggregates formed after 8 weeks of treatments. Significantly greater water-stable aggregates were formed in the sandy clay loam than the loamy sand. Approximately 20% greater water-stable aggregates were formed under the crop residue treatments compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Soil texture seemed to be one of the most important factors affecting the availability of N from organic or inorganic N sources in these soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in different agricultural systems (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Enchytraeidae ; Population dynamics ; Soil moisture ; Soil management ; Vertical distribution ; Conventional tillage ; No-tillage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Organic matter and abiotic conditions seem to influence distribution patterns of Enchytraeidae. In this study effects of changes in management practices on population dynamics of enchytraeids were determined. At two sites (in Athens and Griffin, GA) parts of a fescue (FE) field were converted into conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) plots and changes in densities and depth distribution of enchytraeids were followed for 3 years. A site at Watkinsville, containing various soil textures and characterised by very low organic carbon content, which was converted into no-tillage 4 years earlier, was also sampled. Significant reductions in enchytraeid densities, after conversion of fescue into CT, were only found at Griffin. The management practices affected the vertical distribution of enchytraeids. In fescue and NT more enchytraeids were found in the 0–5cm than in the 5–15cm layer. In conventional tillage fields enchytraeids were more evenly distributed over the profile or more abundant in the 5–15cm layer. Management also affected the timing of population dynamics in the different plots. At two sample dates high abundances were found in CT plots only, not in any of the other plots. Enchytraeids were larger at Athens than at Griffin and Watkinsville and contained more soil particles in their gut. At Athens enchytraeids will presumably contribute more to the development of soil structure than at the other sites. We conclude that management affects vertical enchytraeid distributions in soil and changes the timing of population dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050291
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional estimates of carbon sequestration potential: linking the Rothamsted Carbon Model to GIS databases (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 236-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil organic carbon ; Geographical Information Systems ; Modelling ; Carbon sequestration ; Hungarian soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Soil organic matter (SOM) represents a major pool of carbon within the biosphere. It is estimated at about 1400 Pg globally, which is roughly twice that in atmospheric CO2. The soil can act as both a source and a sink for carbon and nutrients. Changes in agricultural land use and climate can lead to changes in the amount of carbon held in soils, thus, affecting the fluxes of CO2 to and from the atmosphere. Some agricultural management practices will lead to a net sequestration of carbon in the soil. Regional estimates of the carbon sequestration potential of these practices are crucial if policy makers are to plan future land uses to reduce national CO2 emissions. In Europe, carbon sequestration potential has previously been estimated using data from the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Soil Organic Matter Network (GCTE SOMNET). Linear relationships between management practices and yearly changes in soil organic carbon were developed and used to estimate changes in the total carbon stock of European soils. To refine these semi-quantitative estimates, the local soil type, meteorological conditions and land use must also be taken into account. To this end, we have modified the Rothamsted Carbon Model, so that it can be used in a predictive manner, with SOMNET data. The data is then adjusted for local conditions using Geographical Information Systems databases. In this paper, we describe how these developments can be used to estimate carbon sequestration at the regional level using a dynamic simulation model linked to spatially explicit data. Some calculations of the potential effects of afforestation on soil carbon stocks in Central Hungary provide a simple example of the system in use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050426
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Exhibits a Common Secondary Structure in Green Algae and Flowering Plants (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 258 -271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Angiosperms —Chlamydomonas— Ribosomal RNA — RNA secondary structure — Transcribed spacer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS-2) regions of the nuclear rDNA repeats from 111 organisms of the family Volvocaceae (Chlorophyta) and unicellular organisms of the Volvocales, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, were determined. The use of thermodynamic energy optimization to generate secondary structures and phylogenetic comparative analysis of the spacer regions revealed a common secondary structure that is conserved despite wide intra- and interfamilial primary sequence divergence. The existence of this conserved higher-order structure is supported by the presence of numerous compensating basepair changes as well as by an evolutionary history of insertions and deletions that nevertheless maintains major aspects of the overall structure. Furthermore, this general structure is preserved across broad phylogenetic lines, as it is observed in the ITS-2s of other chlorophytes, including flowering plants; previous reports of common ITS-2 secondary structures in other eukaryotes were restricted to the order level. The reported ITS-2 structure possesses important conserved structural motifs which may help to mediate cleavages in the ITS-2 that occur during rRNA transcript processing. Their recognition can guide further studies of eukaryotic rRNA processing, and their application to sequence alignments may contribute significantly to the value of ITS-2 sequences in phylogenetic analyses at several taxonomic levels, but particularly in characterizing populations and species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006143
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomal DNA ITS-1 and ITS-2 Sequence Comparisons as a Tool for Predicting Genetic Relatedness (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 168 -177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:Chlamydomonas— Ribosomal RNA-transcribed spacer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The determination of the secondary structure of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions separating nuclear ribosomal RNA genes of Chlorophytes has improved the fidelity of alignment of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences from related organisms. Application of this information to sequences from green algae and plants suggested that a subset of the ITS-2 positions is relatively conserved. Organisms that can mate are identical at all of these 116 positions, or differ by at most, one nucleotide change. Here we sequenced and compared the ITS-1 and ITS-2 of 40 green flagellates in search of the nearest relative to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The analysis clearly revealed one unique candidate, C. incerta. Several ancillary benefits of the analysis included the identification of mislabelled cultures, the resolution of confusion concerning C. smithii, the discovery of misidentified sequences in GenBank derived from a green algal contaminant, and an overview of evolutionary relationships among the Volvocales, which is congruent with that derived from rDNA gene sequence comparisons but improves upon its resolution. The study further delineates the taxonomic level at which ITS sequences, in comparison to ribosomal gene sequences, are most useful in systematic and other studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006217
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecies Analysis: Comparison of ITS Sequence Data and Gene Intron Sequence Data with Breeding Data for a Worldwide Collection of Gonium pectorale (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 48 (1999), S. 94-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: DNA sequence —Gonium pectorale— Internal transcribed spacer — Intron — Mating type — Phylogeny — Volvocales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The morphologically uniform species Gonium pectorale is a colonial green flagellate of worldwide distribution. The affinities of 25 isolates from 18 sites on five continents were assessed by both DNA sequence comparisons and sexual compatibility. Complete sequences were obtained (i) for the internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of ribosomal DNA and (ii) for each of three single-copy spliceosomal introns, two in a small G protein and one in the actin gene. ITS sequences appeared to homogenize sufficiently rapidly to behave as a single copy gene. Intron sequence differences between isolates in this species reached nucleotide substitution saturation, while ITS sequences did not. Parsimony and evolutionary distance analysis of the two types of DNA data gave essentially the same tree conformation. By all these criteria, the group of G. pectorale isolates fell into two main clades, A and B. Clade A, with isolates from four continents, was comprised of four subclades of quite closely related isolates, plus one strain of ambiguous affinity. Clade B was comprised of two subclades represented by South African and South American isolates, respectively; thus, only subclades of clade B showed geographical localization. With respect to mating, all isolates except one homothallic strain and one apparently sterile strain fell into either one or the other of two mating types. Pairings in all possible combinations revealed that isolates from the same site formed abundant zygotes, which germinated to produce new, sexually active organisms. Zygotes were also formed in many pairings of other combinations, including crosses of clade A with clade B organisms, but none of the latter produced viable germlings. The ability to mate and produce viable progeny that were themselves capable of sexual reproduction was restricted to members of subclades established on the basis of DNA sequence similarities. Thus, the grades of difference in both nuclear intron sequences and rDNA ITS sequences paralleled those observed in the sexual analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006449
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