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  • Springer  (18)
  • Springer Nature  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (22)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation with Age in the Pattern of Type X Collagen Expression in Normal and Scoliotic Human Intervertebral Discs (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Type X collagen — Nondegenerate discs — Scoliotic discs — Endplate — Hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype — Matrix calcification.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution and expression of type X collagen, a calcium-binding collagen, which is a marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes and thought to be involved in cartilage calcification, was examined in situ in nondegenerate (grade I or II) human discs taken at autopsy over a wide age range (fetal–〉80 years) and also in scoliotic discs removed at surgery. In the fetal vertebral column, type X collagen was strongly expressed in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of the endplate, but was not seen in other areas. In the cartilaginous endplate of adults, it was found over the whole age range examined, with intensity increasing with age. In the disc matrix itself, type X collagen was demonstrated around individual cells from all individuals older than 50 years, but not in any fetal or autopsy disc from individuals younger than 40 years. In scoliotic discs, however, focal type X collagen expression was seen in 3/8 patients younger than 40 years including one 12-year-old. No type X collagen was found in the outer annulus in any autopsy or scoliotic disc, supporting the idea that cells of the outer annulus are phenotypically distinct from cells of the inner annulus and the nucleus. Our results demonstrate for the first time that type X collagen is a possible gene product of the intervertebral disc cells and a potential biochemical component of the disc matrix. They indicate that with age or in scoliosis, some cells from the inner annulus or nucleus of the disc differentiate to the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. This might be the initiating event for the abnormal calcification described in aged and scoliotic discs in other studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annexin V interactions with collagen (1997)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 53 (1997), S. 539-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Cartilage; collagen binding; annexin V; calcium flux.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Annexin V was originally identified as a collagen-binding protein called anchorin CII and was isolated from chondrocyte membranes by affinity chromatography on native type II collagen. The binding of annexin V to native collagen type II is stable at physiological ionic strength when annexin V is reconstituted in liposomes. The binding to native collagen types II and X, and to some extent to type I as well, was confirmed using recombinant annexin V. A physiological role for annexin V interactions with extracellular collagen is consistent with the localization of annexin V on the outer cell surface of chondrocytes, microvilli of hypertrophic chondrocytes, fibroblasts and osteoblasts. A breakthrough in our understanding of the function of annexin V was made with the discovery of its calcium channel activity. At least one of several putative functions of annexin V became obvious from studies on matrix vesicles derived from calcifying cartilage. It was found that calcium uptake by matrix vesicles depend on collagen type II and type X binding to annexin V in the vesicles and was lost when collagens were digested with collagenase; calcium influx was reconstituted after adding back native collagen II or V. These findings indicate that annexin V plays a major role in matrix vesicle-initiated cartilage calcification as a collagen-regulated calcium channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050069
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contemporary Western Rural USA Economic Composition: Potential Implications for Environmental Policy and Research (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental management 22 (1998), S. 371-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Rural; Environmental policy; Economic composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900112
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended impedance control using real and virtual sensors for redundant manipulators (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 14 (1995), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Redundant manipulators ; impedance control ; force control ; sensor fusion ; supervised autonomy ; task space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Control of a redundant manipulator based on an impedance-control framework with multiple simultaneous control sources is described. Each control source provides a different behavior type. An application is decomposed into multiple simultaneous behaviors whose resultant behavior will provide the motion necessary to execute the task. The simultaneous control inputs are merged using impedance control to compute a resultant command to the manipulator. The task space of each behavior can have the dimensionality of the mechanism being controlled. Control of a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator is described here with an available task space for each behavior of dimensionality seven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254009
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A situational approach to design strategies (1997)
    Springer
    Software quality journal 6 (1997), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1367
    Keywords: 〉software design process ; development methods ; design strategies ; process models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that the choice for an appropriate design strategy is an important factor in the success of a systems development project. However, the selection of a design strategy is often not carried out in a systematic way. Moreover, it is not always clear in what situation a particular design strategy is appropriate. Finally, sometimes none of the currently existing design strategies is appropriate. Consequently, there is a need to develop a strategy that is geared towards a particular project situation. In this paper we show how the selection of an existing design strategy can be carried out in a systematic way and how new design strategies can be developed. We do so by analysing the structure of design strategies and by showing how the different settings of strategy parameters can be used to reduce the risks of a particular project situation. We conclude with a description of the application of our method to a real design project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018512002527
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of ApcD and ApcF in energy transfer from phycobilisomes to PS I and PS II in a cyanobacterium (1999)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 61 (1999), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: ApcE ; light-harvesting ; state transitions ; Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of the phycobilisome core components, ApcD and ApcF, in transferring energy from the phycobilisome to PS I and PS II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 has been investigated. The genes encoding these proteins have been disrupted in the genomes of wild type Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and a PS II deficient mutant, PsbD1CD2-, by inserting antibiotic resistance genes into their coding regions. Data from fluorescence emission spectra and pigment content analysis for these inactivation mutants is presented. These data suggest that both ApcD and ApcF are involved in the energy transfer route to PS II and PS I. In both cases, the energy transfer may to the reaction centres may be via the chromophore of ApcE (the L cm) or anchor polypeptide). The major route of energy transfer to both kinds of reaction centre appears to involve ApcF rather than ApcD. When both ApcF and ApcD are absent, the phycobilisomes are unable to transfer energy to either reaction centre. We suggest a model for the pathways of energy transfer from the phycobilisomes to PS I and PS II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006217201666
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Open-ended approaches to science assessment using computers (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 4 (1995), S. 7-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Constructed response ; science assessment ; computer delivery ; automatic scoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the potential role of technology in evaluating learning outcomes in large-scale, widespread science assessments of the kind typically done at ETS, such as the GRE, or the College Board SAT II Subject Tests. We describe the current state-of-the-art in this area, as well as briefly outline the history of technology in large-scale science assessment and ponder possibilities for the future. We present examples from our own work in the domain of chemistry, in which we are designing problem solving interfaces and scoring programs for stoichiometric and other kinds of quantitative problem solving. We also present a new scientific reasoning item type that we are prototyping on the computer. It is our view that the technological infrastructure for large-scale constructed response science assessment is well on its way to being available, although many technical and practical hurdles remain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211577
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing urban wetlands for multiple use: research, restoration, and recreation (1998)
    Springer
    Urban ecosystems 2 (1998), S. 189-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1642
    Keywords: California ; wetlands ; recreation ; research ; restoration ; Wisconsin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Conservation of urban wetland habitat is challenging, because multiple uses must coexist. We use examples from California and Wisconsin to describe potential synergies among recreation, restoration and research activities (the 3 R's). Allowing passive recreation is often essential to garner public support for habitat protection, restoration, and research. In turn, restoration activities can improve the appearance of degraded sites, and designing the work as a research experiment can serve the scientific community. Two projects at Tijuana Estuary support the 3 R's. (1) Oneonta Tidal Linkage is a 0.7-ha tidal channel and salt marsh that was excavated from disturbed upland to bring wetland habitat closer to the Visitor Center (thereby reducing visitor intrusion into natural marsh habitat, where endangered species would be disturbed). It supports an ambitious field experiment that is testing the importance of species diversity in restoration; it also includes a bridge that serves the interpretive program, and it adds 0.7 ha of wetland habitat that helps restore regional biodiversity. (2) A larger excavation (8 ha) of former tidal wetland will soon add wetland habitat, while testing the importance of tidal creek networks in ecosystem functioning and offering views and interpretive opportunities. A third situation, at the 485-ha University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum, concerns restored wet prairies, which provide habitat for native species and serve many hikers. Urban stormwater flows into and degrades the Henry Greene Prairie, allowing aggressive plants to invade. Research and restoration efforts are planned to sustain the habitat and recreation functions. These three models suggest that recreation, restoration, and research are compatible uses of urban wetland habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009528505009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cysteine-rich and C-terminal domains of dystrophin are not required for normal costameric localization in the mouse (1996)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 5 (1996), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: dystrophin localization ; homologous recombination ; embryonic stem cells ; in vitro differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dystrophin has a modular structure and is believed to be critical for muscle cell cytoarchitecture by linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. The N-terminus binds to actin and two domains at the C-terminus, the cysteine-rich and C-terminal domains, are associated with the sarcolemma indirectly via the dystroglycan complex. We have generated a mutation in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells which serves to delete the cysteine-rich and C-terminal domains to address directly their role. We show that these two domains are not necessary for normal costameric organization at the sarcolemma in myotubes derived from the mutant cell line. Furthermore sarcolemmal localization is also apparent in mouse chimaeric musclein vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969430
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of multiple copies of geminiviral DNA in the genome of four closely related Nicotiana species suggest a unique integration event (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 35 (1997), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: integration ; geminivirus ; plant genomes ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previously, we discovered multiple direct repeats of geminivirus-related DNA (GRD) sequences clustered at a single chromosomal position in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Here we show that, in addition to tobacco, multiple copies of these elements occur in the genomes of three related Nicotiana species, all in the section Tomentosae: N. tomentosiformis, N. tomentosa and N. kawakamii, but not in 9 other more distantly related Nicotiana species, nor in various other solanaceous and non-solanaecous plants. DNA sequence analysis of 18 GRD copies reveal 4 distinct, but highly related, sub-families: GRD5, GRD3 and GRD53 in tobacco; GRD5 in N. tomentosiformis and N. kawakamii; and GRD2 in N. tomentosa. In addition to novel sequences, all elements share significant but varying lengths of DNA sequence similarity with the geminiviral replication origin plus the adjacent rep gene. There is extended sequence similarity to REP protein at the deduced amino acid sequence level, including motifs associated with other rolling circle replication proteins. Our data suggest that all GRD elements descend from a unique geminiviral integration event, most likely in a common ancestor of these Tomentosae species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005885200550
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