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  • Springer  (106)
  • 1995-1999  (100)
  • 1930-1934  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental analysis of the bandit problem (1997)
    Springer
    Economic theory 10 (1997), S. 55-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Keywords: JEL Classification Numbers: C91 ; C73 ; D81 ; D83.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary.  We investigate, in an experimental setting, the behavior of single decision makers who at discrete time intervals over an “infinite” horizon may choose one action from a set of possible actions where this set is constant over time, i.e. a bandit problem. Two bandit environments are examined, one in which the predicted behavior should always be myopic (the two-armed bandit) and the other in which the predicted behavior should never be myopic (the one-armed bandit). We also investigate the comparative static predictions as the underlying parameters of the bandit environments are changed. The aggregate results show that the behavior in the two bandit environments are quantitatively different and in the direction of the theoretical predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001990050146
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence on primate phylogeny from ε-globin gene sequences and flanking regions (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 40 (1995), S. 30-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Primates ; Strepsirhines ; Aye-aye ; Lemurs ; Phylogeny ; ε-globin gene ; Molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among various primate groups were examined based on sequences of ε-globin genes. ε-globin genes were sequenced from five species of strepsirhine primates. These sequences were aligned and compared with other known primate ε-globin sequences, including data from two additional strepsirhine species, one species of tarsier, 19 species of New World monkeys (representing all extant genera), and five species of catarrhines. In addition, a 2-kb segment upstream of the ε-globin gene was sequenced in two of the five strepsirhines examined. This upstream sequence was aligned with five other species of primates for which data are available in this segment. Domestic rabbit and goat were used as outgroups. This analysis supports the monophyly of order Primates but does not support the traditional prosimian grouping of tarsiers, lorisoids, and lemuroids; rather it supports the sister grouping of tarsiers and anthropoids into Haplorhini and the sister grouping of lorisoids and lemuroids into Strepsirhini. The mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) appear to be most closely related to each other, forming a clade with the lemuroids, and are probably not closely related to the lorisoids, as suggested by some morphological studies. Analysis of the ε-globin data supports the hypothesis that the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) shares a sister-group relationship with other Malagasy strepsirhines (all being classified as lemuroids). Relationships among ceboids agree with findings from a previous ε-globin study in which fewer outgroup taxa were employed. Rates of molecular evolution were higher in lorisoids than in lemuroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166594
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammalian evolution and the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) gene: Convincing evidence for several superordinal clades (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Mammalian phylogenetics ; Interordinal relationships ; IRBP ; Cetaceans ; Elephant shrew ; Aardvark
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships of 25 mammalian species representing 17 of the 18 eutherian orders were examined using DNA sequences from a 1.2-kb region of the 5′ end of exon 1 of the single-copy nuclear gene known as interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). A wide variety of methods of analysis of the DNA sequence, and of the translated products, all supported a five-order clade consisting of elephant shrew (Macroscelidea)/aardvark (Tubulidentata)/and the paenungulates (hyracoids, sirenians, and elephants), with bootstrap support in all cases of 100%. The Paenungulata was also strongly supported by these IRBP data. In the majority of analyses this monophyletic five-order grouping was the first branch off the tree after the Edentata. These results are highly congruent with two other recent sources of molecular data. Another superordinal grouping, with similar 100% bootstrap support in all of the same wide-ranging types of analyses, was Artiodactyla/Cetacea. Other superordinal affinities, suggested by the analyses, but with less convincing support, included a Perissodactyla/Artiodactyla/Cetacea clade, an Insectivora/Chiroptera clade, and Glires (an association of rodents and lagomorphs).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337352
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of a Frozen Mussel Tissue Standard Reference Material (SRM 1974a) for Trace Organic Constituents (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 431-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  NIST SRM 1974a, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis), has been issued as a frozen tissue homogenate with certified mass fractions for 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 20 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 7 chlorinated pesticides. Noncertified mass fractions are provided for an additional 18 PAHs, 4 PCB congeners, 4 chlorinated pesticides, 28 inorganic constituents, 16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and methylmercury. The mass fractions for the measured PAHs range from approximately 1 μg/kg to 164 μg/kg dry mass while the mass fractions for the measured PCB congeners range from approximately 3 μg/kg to 150 μg/kg dry mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050442
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of three mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRM) for methylmercury and total mercury content (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 424-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract SRM 1974a, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis); SRM 2974, Organics in Mussel Tissue (freeze-dried); and SRM 2976, Mussel Tissue (trace elements and methylmercury) have been recently certified for methylmercury and total mercury content. Three independent analytical procedures were used to determine the certified methylmercury concentrations. Four independent procedures combined with data from two intercomparison exercises were used to determine the certified total mercury concentrations. These materials are the first certified metal speciation environmental SRMs issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050441
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Alumina Scales Formed During Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation of Plasma-Sprayed TBC Systems at 1150°C (1999)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 52 (1999), S. 31-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: SCALE FRACTURE ; OXIDE SCALES ; ALUMINA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The isothermal- and cyclic-oxidation behavior ofthermal barrier coating (TBC) systems consisting ofvacuum plasma-sprayed (VPS) Ni-22Cr-10Al-1Y (wt.%) bondcoatings and air plasma-sprayed (APS)Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) top coatings (onsingle-crystal superalloys) was investigated. Themicrostructures, flaw contents, and fracture behavior ofthe Al2O3 scales formed duringoxidation testing at 1150°C were characterized (by analysis of coating andscale fracture surfaces and metallographic crosssections). Significant localized fracture and bucklingof the Al2O3 scales that formedalong the bond-coat-top-coat interfaces were observed after cyclic oxidationof TBCs. However, substantial amounts of localized scaledamage did not induce rapid TBC failure. Decohesion ofthe columnar alumina scales on the rough bond-coat surfaces occurred by both internalAl2O3 fracture (parallel to themetal surface) and oxide-metal delamination. There weremicrostructural indications ofAl2O3 scale crack healing bysintering into planar arrays of voids. Alumina scales that formed onconvex NiCrAlY surfaces (with radii of 50 μm or less)often contained significant amounts of internal voids(along grain boundaries) after cyclic oxidation, whereas scales formed by isothermal oxidationcontained few visible voids. Accelerated void growth inAl2O3 scales on the irregularNiCrAlY surfaces appeared to be creep-related and wasattributed to the synergistic effects of geometric and thermalstresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018870923397
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetable oils in fermentation: beneficial effects of low-level supplementation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: fermentation; vegetable oils; tetracycline; Streptomyces aureofaciens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To evaluate their potential to enhance fermentation performance, vegetable oils were investigated in a model tetracycline fermentation. With sucrose as the carbon source, the fermentation efficiency of Streptomyces aureofaciens (ATCC 10762) was enhanced by the inclusion in the medium of low levels of vegetable oil. Soybean and sunflower oils significantly improved the rate of sucrose consumption and tetracycline production suggesting that oil is an excellent adjuvant for improving fermentation productivity. For optimum benefit, the dosage level was critical. Little difference was observed between crude and refined oils. These data contribute to the assessment of industrially available fermentation feedstocks, and to the development of new feedstock products for specific fermentation applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900571
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing Detection Methods For Software Requirements Inspections: A Replication Using Professional Subjects (1998)
    Springer
    Empirical software engineering 3 (1998), S. 355-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7616
    Keywords: inspection ; controlled experiment ; replication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Software requirements specifications (SRS) are often validated manually. One such process is inspection, in which several reviewers independently analyze all or part of the specification and search for faults. These faults are then collected at a meeting of the reviewers and author(s). Usually, reviewers use Ad Hoc or Checklist methods to uncover faults. These methods force all reviewers to rely on nonsystematic techniques to search for a wide variety of faults. We hypothesize that a Scenario-based method, in which each reviewer uses different, systematic techniques to search for different, specific classes of faults, will have a significantly higher success rate. In previous work we evaluated this hypothesis using 48 graduate students in computer science as subjects. We now have replicated this experiment using 18 professional developers from Lucent Technologies as subjects. Our goals were to (1) extend the external credibility of our results by studying professional developers, and to (2) compare the performances of professionals with that of the graduate students to better understand how generalizable the results of the less expensive student experiments were. For each inspection we performed four measurements: (1) individual fault detection rate, (2) team fault detection rate, (3) percentage of faults first identified at the collection meeting (meeting gain rate), and (4) percentage of faults first identified by an individual, but never reported at the collection meeting (meeting loss rate). For both the professionals and the students the experimental results are that (1) the Scenario method had a higher fault detection rate than either Ad Hoc or Checklist methods, (2) Checklist reviewers were no more effective than Ad Hoc reviewers, (3) Collection meetings produced no net improvement in the fault, and detection rate—meeting gains were offset by meeting losses, Finally, although specific measures differed between the professional and student populations, the outcomes of almost all statistical tests were identical. This suggests that the graduate students provided an adequate model of the professional population and that the much greater expense of conducting studies with professionals may not always be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009776104355
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Situated Knowledge and the Virtual Science and Industry Museum: Problems in the Social-Technical Interface (1997)
    Springer
    Archives and Museum Informatics 11 (1997), S. 147-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7500
    Keywords: virtual museum ; user/visitor ; technology ; WWW (World Wide Web) CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) ; HCI (Human Computer Interaction) Internet ; ICT (Information and Communication Technology) culture ; sociology ; ethnomethodology ; situated knowledge ; local practices ; classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The Museum is a perspicuous site for analysing the complex interplay between social, organisational, cultural and political factors which have relevance to the design and use of ‘virtual’ technologies. Specifically, the introduction of virtual technologies in museums runs up against the issue of the situated character of information use. Across a number of disciplines (anthropology, sociology, psychology, cognitive science) there is growing recognition of the ‘situatedness’ of knowledge and its importance for the design and use of technology. This awareness is fostered by the fact that technological developments are often associated with disappointing gains for users. The effective use of technology relies on the degree to which it can be embedded in or congruent with the ‘local’ practices of museum users. Drawing upon field research in two museums of science and technology, both of which are in the process of introducing virtual technologies and exploring the possibilities of on-line access, findings are presented which suggest that the success of such developments will depend on the extent to which they are informed by detailed understanding of practice-practices that are essentially socially constituted in the activities of museum visitors and the daily work of museum professionals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009007316752
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional technology and economic growth (1995)
    Springer
    Public choice 82 (1995), S. 17-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract An endogenous model of constitutional changes and economic growth links the temporal decline in private market returns when technology is constant with the returns to rule changes realized in a political market. There is a steady state constitutional setting in which all rule changes have been incorporated that is analytically equivalent to the neoclassical steady state. As in the neoclassical model, private-sector technological progress postpones the steady state. To the extent the original constitutional setting promotes innovation, the evolutionary process toward the steady state is delayed. The model yields a theory of revolution based on forces leading to the adoption of inefficient changes in the constitutional setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047727
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