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  • Springer  (85)
  • Wiley  (61)
  • 1995-1999  (142)
  • 1950-1954  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buffered Type-II Hybrid ARQ Protocol for DS-SSMA Packet Radio Systems (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of wireless information networks 5 (1998), S. 203-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8129
    Keywords: AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST ; CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS ; EQUILIBRIUM POINT ANALYSIS ; PACKET RADIO NETWORK ; SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The performance and stability of a slotteddirect-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DSSSMA)packet radio network employing the type-II hybridautomatic-repeat-request (ARQ) protocol withfinite-length transmitter buffers are considered. Theequilibrium point analysis (EPA) technique is employedto analyze the system stability and to approximatelycompute the system throughput, delay, and packetrejection probability. It is found that the systemexhibits bistable behavior in some situations. Issues ofsystem design, such as the required length of thetransmitter buffers and the desirable region ofoperation based on a predetermined performancerequirement for packet rejection, are alsoinvestigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018846309173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odor preference in honeybees as a function of amount of reward: Tests of two explanations (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: simultaneous conditioning ; backward conditioning ; amount of reward ; odor preference ; honeybees ; Apis mellifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract How does a foraging honeybee come to prefer a color or odor paired with the large of two amounts of sucrose solution to a color or odor paired with the smaller amount? One hypothesis is that the attractiveness of a color or odor is based on the strength of its association with the taste of sucrose, which increases with the duration of concurrent color-taste or odor-taste stimulation. Another hypothesis is that the attractiveness of a color or odor is based on association with the afferent consequences of feeding, which are different for the two amounts. Both hypotheses were tested in experiments on proboscis-extension conditioning, a technique that provides better control of stimulation than is possible in work with free-flying foragers. In Experiments 1–3, which were designed to test the first hypothesis, an odor that accompanied the ingestion of sucrose on training trials was found to elicit extension of the proboscis when subsequently it was presented alone, but the duration of concurrent stimulation had no significant effect on the probability or persistence of the response. In Experiments 4 and 5, which were designed to test the second hypothesis, an odor that immediately followed the ingestion of sucrose on training trials failed to elicit extension of the proboscis when subsequently it was presented alone. The results support neither hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02213727
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preference conditions for utility models:A risk-value perspective (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 80 (1998), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses necessary and sufficient preference conditions for utility models basedon a risk-value framework. These conditions provide additional insights into traditionalutility models regarding decision making by risk-value tradeoffs, and can help decisionmakers identify specific functional forms of utility measure in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018959713640
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lower bounds for the Hausdorff dimension of attractors (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 7 (1995), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: Dynamical system ; attractor ; Hausdorff dimension ; Primary 34D45 ; 28A78 ; Secondary 58F13 ; 58F22
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The existence of certainm-dimensional structures in a dynamical system implies that the Hausdorff dimension of its attractor is at leastm+1. A Bendixson criterion for the nonexistence of periodic orbits for systems in Hilbert spaces is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02219372
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bendixson-Dulac Criteria for Difference Equations (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 10 (1998), S. 567-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: Difference equation ; periodic orbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Conditions are given which preclude the existence of a nontrivial periodic orbit for a difference equation in ℝn. The conditions are analogous to those of Bendixson and Dulac for autonomous planar differential equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022677008393
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profiling of ponds and bogs using ground-penetrating radar (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 14 (1995), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: ground-penetrating radar ; GPR ; sounding ; profiling ; bogs ; ponds ; sediment stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an electromagnetic technique that has shown particular promise in profiling bogs and freshwater ponds. GPR systems operate in a manner similar to sonar (acoustic) methods, and can complement or be used in place of sonar. GPR pulses can penetrate through shallow fresh water and into bottom sediments, providing detailed information about sediment stratigraphy, obstructions, and depth to bedrock. Peat thickness in bogs can also be readily obtained using a GPR survey. The ability to accurately determine depths in ponds, lakes, and bogs prior to coring is extremely useful for investigations in palynology. By allowing one to ‘see’ into and obtain configuration and thickness of bottom sediments, GPR surveys permit placement of a core where it will yield optimum information. Where bog or water surfaces are frozen, GPR scans can be run directly over the ice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00682425
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presettlement analogs for Quaternary fire regimes in eastern North America (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 16 (1996), S. 79-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: analogs ; charcoal records ; fire regimes ; thin sections ; varves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We present a method for identifying analogs for past fire regimes and use it to assess similarity between late Quaternary fire regimes in northern Wisconsin and central New York and a reference set of charcoal series from just prior to presettlement time. The analog method is based on comparisons of distributions of charcoal accumulation rates from annually laminated sediments using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample D statistic (D). D is a nonparametric statistic expressing the difference between distributions that does not require assumptions concerning the shape of the distributions (e.g. normality, homoscedasticity) and it summarizes differences in a single index. Our study consists of (i) mapping D values obtained by comparisons between pairs of ‘reference’ charcoal series from the immediate presettlement (calibration) and (ii) identifying possible presettlement analogs from this reference set for Late Quaternary charcoal distributions. Our calibration analysis identified geographic transitions in charcoal transition that were much steeper than apparent from pollen data. Otherwise, geographic patterns in presettlement charcoal and pollen are comparable, including a group of oak/hardwood forest sites in Wisconsin, central Ontario, and New York having similar values, and another group of mostly northern hardwood/hemlock sites in Pennsylvania and Maine. Application to charcoal series dated after 11 000 yr BP at Wisconsin and New York suggests that fire regimes may have been different from those occurring at any of our reference sites. Differences in seasonality of climates and different fuel structures are a possible explanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173273
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rational nitrogen fertilization in intensive cropping systems (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: N mineralization ; N use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The objective of a rational N fertilization program is to account for the sources and fate of N while estimating crop N needs. Efficiency of N use will vary with cropping systems and N sources. Management technologies that affect N use efficiency include the amount of N applied, timing and placement of N fertilizer, and use of inhibitors. One of the main problems in making a fertilizer N recommendation is to account for the contribution of N mineralization to plant available N. Most laboratory procedures do not account for the environmental factors that affect N mineralization and only estimate the size of the mineralizable N pool. However, changes in soil moisture and temperature can dramatically affect the amount and rate of release of mineralized N. Field and modeling techniques are two possible techniques to estimate N mineralization. Field techniques can be divided into soil and plant approaches. Soil incubations in the field provide a quantitative approach while soil nitrate tests during the growing season provide a qualitative approach to estimating N mineralization. The plant is the ultimate integrator of N mineralization. Plant N uptake by an unfertilized crop can provide a quantitative approach with certain precautions. This approach may be costly, labor intensive, and site specific. Crop N uptake during the growing season can be estimated by measuring the tissue N content or using a chlorophyll meter. The chlorophyll meter measures the greenness of the plant and has been shown to be positively correlated to plant N status. Modeling may provide another option by including the factors that affect the rate of N mineralization from a known pool. The two most important variables include soil moisture and temperature. Realistic yield expectations and accounting for existing and projected amounts of available N can improve the accuracy of N recommendations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a Pour-on Formulation of Fipronil Against Boophilus Annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Under Natural South Texas Field Conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 23 (1999), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Boophilus annulatus ; Acari ; fipronil ; acaricide ; pour-on ; field study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A long-term field study (60 consecutive weeks) was conducted to determine whether a Boophilus annulatus (Say) population could be eradicated through repeated applications of a 1% pour-on formulation of fipronil on cattle held in an infested pasture. Animals treated repeatedly over time (seven applications) were infested with significantly fewer (p 〈 0.05) female ticks (5 mm in size) than untreated animals in all except one of the 57 weekly tick counts conducted after the first treatment was applied. As the number of treatments increased over time, there was a progressive decrease in the number of instances in which engorging females were observed on the treated cattle. Tick numbers obtained from sentinel cattle placed in pasture with untreated and treated cattle at various intervals throughout the study indicated that a single fipronil treatment had no observable adverse effect on the field tick population. However, after two treatments had been applied, there were always dramatically fewer ticks obtained from sentinel animals placed with treated cattle than were observed on sentinel animals placed with untreated cattle. Furthermore, tick numbers obtained from sentinel cattle placed with treated cattle over time indicated that the tick population in the pasture declined by stages. While a single treatment had no effect on the tick population, the application of two to four fipronil treatments at various intervals dramatically reduced the tick population, even though substantial numbers of females were still present on the sentinel animals. Ultimately, the application of five to seven fipronil treatments resulted in an extremely low tick population in the pasture, although total eradication of the population was not achieved during the study. The mean weight gain of treated animals was significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than untreated animals during the study, indicating that the fipronil treatments had a highly beneficial impact on weight gain production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006183419301
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angelman syndrome in an inbred family (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 294-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe mental retardation, absent speech, puppet-like movements, inappropriate laughter, epilepsy, and abnormal electroencephalogram. The majority of AS patients (≈ 65%) have a maternal deficiency within chromosomal region 15q11–q13, caused by maternal deletion or paternal uniparental disomy (UPD). Approximately 35% of AS patients exhibit neither detectable deletion nor UPD, but a subset of these patients have abnormal methylation at several loci in the 15q11–q13 interval. We describe here three patients with Angelman syndrome belonging to an extended inbred family. High resolution chromosome analysis combined with DNA analysis using 14 marker loci from the 15q11–q13 region failed to detect a deletion in any of the three patients. Paternal UPD of chromosome 15 was detected in one case, while the other two patients have abnormal methylation at D15S9, D15S63, and SNRPN. Although the three patients are distantly related, the chromosome 15q11–q13 haplotypes are different, suggesting that independent mutations gave rise to AS in this family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185757
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