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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of ions with energies above 100 keV produced by the interaction of a 60-fs laser pulse with clusters (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 88 (1999), S. 1122-1129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray spectra of a plasma generated by heating CO2 and Ar clusters with high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses with q las≃1018 W/cm2 are investigated. Spatially resolved x-ray spectra of a cluster plasma are obtained for the first time. Photoionization absorption is observed to influence the spectral line profiles. The recorded features of the x-ray emission spectra definitely indicate the existence of a large relative number of excited ions (≃10−2–10−3) with energies of 0.1–1 MeV in such a plasma. Possible mechanisms underlying the acceleration of ions to high energies are discussed. It is shown that the experimental results can be attributed to the influence of ponderomotive forces in standing waves generated by the reflection of laser radiation from the clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.558900
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selecting Soybean Cultivars for Dual Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode and Sudden Death Syndrome Using Two DNA Markers (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 982-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] root infection by [Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. F. sp. glycine (Burk.)] (Rfs1), sudden death syndrome (SDS), and soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe; Rhg4 and rhg1) were previously identified in 'Essex' × 'Forrest'. This study tests the effectiveness of those markers in selecting for disease resistance among recombinant inbred lines from 'Flyer' × 'Hartwig'. A total of 535 among 739 lines were scored by two markers, providing four genotypes. A stratified random sample of 50 lines was evaluated for SDS by F. solani root infection severity at two locations and SCN race 3 index of parasitism in the greenhouse. Selection with BLT65 identified 281 among 671 lines with the genomic region that underlies Rhg4-derived SCN resistance. Selection with Satt038 identified 230 among 613 lines containing the genomic region that underlies resistance to SDS (rfs1) and rfg1-derived SCN resistance. A total of 93 out of 535 lines had genomic regions that underlie resistance to both SDS and SCN in Essex × Forrest. Segregation of both markers was not random (P ≤ 0.05). Infection severity means for genotypes with the Hartwig allele at Satt038 (28-29%) were lower (P = 0.0001, R2 = 28%) than with the Flyer allele (31-42%); irrespective of maturity group. BLT65 was not associated with infection severity. Mean SCN index of parasitism was lower (P ≤ 0.05) only for genotypes carrying the Hartwig allele at both Satt038 and BLT65. Therefore, alleles conferring resistance to SDS and SCN in Essex × Forrest are transferable to other populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P-V-T equation of state of lawsonite (1999)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 26 (1999), S. 406-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Lawsonite ; Equation of state ; X-ray diffraction ; High-pressure ; High-temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  A pressure-volume-temperature data set has been obtained for lawsonite [CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2.H2O], using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and an externally heated diamond anvil cell. Unit-cell volumes were measured to 9.4 GPa and 767 K by angle dispersive X-ray diffraction using imaging plates. Phase changes were not observed within this pressure-temperature range, and lawsonite compressed almost isotropically at constant temperature. The P-V-T data have been analyzed using a Birch- Murnaghan equation of state and a linear equation of state expressed as β=–1/V0 (∂V/∂P) T . At room temperature, the derived equation of state parameters are: K 0=124.1 (18) GPa K'0 set to 4) and β–1=142.0(24) GPa, respectively. Our results are intermediate between previously reported measurements. The high-temperature data show that the incompressibility of lawsonite decreases with increasing temperature to ∼500 K and then increases above. Hence, the second order temperature derivative of the bulk modulus is taken into account in the equation of state; a fit of the volume data yields K 0=123.9(18) GPa, (∂K/∂T)P=–0.111(3) GPa K–1, (∂2 K/∂T 2)P=0.28(6) 10–3 GPa K–2, α0=3.1(2) 10–5 K–1, assuming K'0=4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximate solution of normal equations by eigenvalue decomposition (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Multivariate Gauss ; Markoff model ; Eigenvalue decomposition ; Principal-component analysis ; Data reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. Geodetic adjustment problems frequently require the solution of large systems of linear equations. An approximation method is presented based on the decomposition of the estimated covariance matrix of the observation matrix, calculated in a pre-processing step, into a system of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Neglecting the non-dominant eigenvalues and the assigned eigenvectors, the matrix of the residuals is approximated applying the synthesis formula of principal-component analysis. Although the number of observation vectors in the multivariate Gauss–Markoff model is drastically reduced, all unknown parameters are estimated approximately. The described method is tested using a numerical example of satellite altimetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050225
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Setup and Test of a Laser Doppler Velocimeter for Investigations of Flow Behaviour of Polymer Melts (1999)
    Springer
    Mechanics of time-dependent materials 3 (1999), S. 371-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2738
    Keywords: accuracy tests ; Laser Doppler Velocimetry ; polyethylene melts ; slit die ; velocity profiles ; viscosity function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The flow behaviour of a low-density polyethylene melt is investigated in a specifically developed flow channel by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). The used flow channel is a slit die with a planar contraction of 14:1. The investigation of the velocity fields was performed in the steady state of flow. The optics of the LDV system as well as the used frequency analyser proved to be reliable for measurements of velocities down to 250μm/s. By adding TiO2 tracer particles to the pellets the signal quality as well as the signal frequency were improved. It is demonstrated that the Laser Doppler Velocimeter is suited to detect velocities of polymer melts with an error of a few per cent by comparing the measured volume flow rate to the directly determined mass flow rate. Using simple fluid mechanics the viscosity function is obtained by measuring only one velocity profile within the fully developed flow in the slit die. Over a wide range of shear rates the viscosity function obtained via LDV measurement corresponds with the viscosity function which was determined by the classical mass-flow-rate method. Both resulting viscosity functions were additionally checked by performing measurements with a capillary rheometer. The LDV setup described in this paper is a powerful experimental tool to investigate the flow behaviour of polymer melts. Its accuracy and the high spatial and temporal resolution opens a way to get more quantitative insight into the flow of polymer melts and to check the validity of model calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009820500869
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Fragment Ions by Their Kinetic Energy Gained During Dissociative Ionization by Electron Impact (1999)
    Springer
    Plasmas and polymers 4 (1999), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8978
    Keywords: Plasma mass spectrometry ; organo-silicon compounds ; electron impact ; kinetic excess energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A technique is described, which supports the plasma mass spectrometry to distinguish possible sources of ion peaks found in the mass spectrum of the neutral gas. The proposed method is based on the measurement of the kinetic energy which the fragment ions gain during dissociative ionization by electron impact inside the ion source of the spectrometer. This approach is of special interest for applications in plasma processes such as plasma assisted deposition or etching techniques where complicated molecules are involved. The principle of the method is demonstrated and discussed for the examination of various fragment ions as CH3 +, C2H2 +, C2H3 +, C2H5 + and CH3O+ in the neutral gas spectrum of an 13.56 MHz rf discharge in an Argon-Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021827426986
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melting of free sodium clusters (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 9 (1999), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS: 64.70.Dv Solid-liquid transitions – 36.40.Ei Phase transitions in clusters – 36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Heat capacities have been measured across the solid to liquid phase transition for free, mass selected sodium cluster ions, Na+ n , with 55≤n≤199. Results for the melting point and the latent heat of fusion are presented here. The melting points are about 30% lower than the bulk value, and show large variations (±50 K). They seem to be highest in a mass range, where both an icosahedral and an electronic shell closing occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01384441
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical spectra and their moments for sodium clusters, , with 3 n 64 (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 6 (1999), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS. 36.40.Gk Plasma and collective effects in clusters - 36.40.Mr Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Photoabsorption cross-sections for all sodium cluster ions, , with , have been measured at a temperature of about 105 K. The size dependence of the peak positions and widths is discussed. Triaxial deformations are unequivocally observed. The moments of the optical response are calculated from the data and their size dependence discussed. The width of the plasmon peak is not understood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530050290
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  • 9
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    In vitro image characteristics of an abdominal aortic stent graft: CTA versus 3D MRA (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0968-5243
    Electronic ISSN: 1352-8661
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Observation of ions with energies above 100 keV produced by the interaction of a 60-fs laser pulse with clusters (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1063-7761
    Electronic ISSN: 1090-6509
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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