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  • Springer  (4,819)
  • 1995-1999  (4,558)
  • 1965-1969  (261)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instability of zeolite Y supported cobalt sulfide hydrotreating catalysts in the presence of H2S (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 47 (1997), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the sulfidation temperature of dehydrated ion exchanged CoNaY on the catalytic activity and structure was studied by thiophene HDS activity measurements, overall sulfur analysis, temperature programmed sulfidation, Xe adsorption measurements in combination with129Xe NMR, EXAFS and ESR. It was shown that up to a sulfidation temperature of 573 K small highly active Co sulfide clusters were formed in the supercages. Sulfidation above 573 K led to decomposition of these Co sulfide particles by a protolysis reaction resulting in the formation of H2Sand a blue colored Co compound having almost no HDS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019092602157
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cytochemistry study of the inner membrane complex of the pellicle of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 252-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the inner membrane complex of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. DiOC6, a lipophilic cationic fluorescent dye used to visualize the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells, labeled cytoplasmic structures in a reticulated pattern and the periphery of the nucleus of the host cell. Intracellular and extracellular tachyzoites were stained. Observation of several focal planes showed labeling of the most peripheral region of the protozoan. Reaction product was observed in the outer nuclear membrane, in profiles of the endoplasmic reticulum, and in the inner membrane complex of tachyzoites subjected to the KI-OsO4 technique. Taken together, these observations suggest that the inner membrane complex may represent a specialized region of the endoplasmic reticulum of tachyzoites of T. gondii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050242
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  • 3
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    Search for charginos, neutralinos and gravitinos at LEP (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-01
    Print ISSN: 1434-6044
    Electronic ISSN: 1434-6052
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing awareness of and behaviour towards periconceptional folic acid consumption in The Netherlands from 1994 to 1995 (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 329-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Folic acid ; Neural tube defects ; Public health education ; Awareness ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: In November 1993, Dutch health authorities advised that women planning a pregnancy should take folic acid in the periconceptional period to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects. In the autumn of 1995 a national campaign was organized to inform women and health care professionals in a systematic way. Methods: We assessed the awareness and behaviour of women at their first or second antenatal visit in two surveys in the spring of 1994 and the autumn of 1995, in order to evaluate the impact of non-systematic information during that period, and to collect baseline data to evaluate the effect of the national folic acid campaign. The two surveys were carried out in the north and the west of The Netherlands. Results: The proportion of women who had heard of folic acid increased from 28% to 78%. The proportion that used folic acid during any period in pregnancy increased from 7.8% to 26%. The proportion that took folic acid tablets during the whole of the recommended period increased from 0.8 to 4.4%. In the group of women who did not take folic acid, the proportion who did “not like to use anything during pregnancy” decreased, as did the proportion who did “not think it is useful”. Conclusion: In The Netherlands, non-systematic information about periconceptional folic acid use has already led to significant changes in awareness and behaviour before the start of the national folic acid campaign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050468
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new xylanase from a Trichoderma harzianum strain (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 682-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Trichoderma; xylan; xylanase; characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new xylanase (XYL2) was purified from solid-state cultures of Trichoderma harzianum strain C by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. SDS-PAGE of the xylanase showed an apparent homogeneity and molecular weight of 18 kDa. It had the highest activity at pH 5.0 and 45°C and was stable at 50°C and pH 5.0 up to 4 h xylanase. XYL2 had a low K m with insoluble oat spelt xylan as substrate. Compared to the amino acid composition of xylanases from Trichoderma spp, xylanase XYL2 presented a high content of glutamate/glutamine, phenylalanine and cysteine, and a low content of serine. Xylanase XYL2 improved the delignification and selectivity of unbleached hardwood kraft pulp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900682
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Osteoblast Density and Endogenous Interleukin-6 Production in Osteoclast Formation From the Hemopoietic Stem Cell Line FDCP-MIX C2GM in Coculture With Primary Osteoblasts (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoclast — Osteoblast — Cell density — Interleukin-6 — Macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Osteoclast formation from the hemopoietic stem cell line FDCP-mix C2GM was shown to be strongly dependent on osteoblast density. In cocultures of C2GM cells with fetal mouse osteoblasts seeded at high density (i.e., 2.5 × 104 cells/cm2), we found a significantly lower osteoclast formation compared with cocultures with osteoblasts seeded at low density (i.e., 1 × 104 cells/cm2). The differentiation state of osteoblasts in high-density cultures resembled more than that of osteoblasts in low-density cultures, the differentiation state of mature osteoblasts, since the cells in the former cultures showed higher alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity than the cells in the latter cultures, and nodules were formed in high-density cultures but not in low-density cultures. Endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6) production was found to be significantly lower in high-density cultures, which may partly explain the impaired osteoclast formation in high-density cocultures. Addition of IL-6 to the high-density cocultures indeed restored osteoclast formation. There appeared to be no overt difference in IL-6 receptor mRNA expression between high-density and low-density cultures. In conclusion, this paper suggests that mature, highly differentiated osteoblasts are not directly involved in osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, osteoblast-like cells lacking mature osteoblast markers induce osteoclast formation. Whether these low-density osteoblast-like cells represent an immature differentiation state or the lining cell phenotype is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900489
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Intracerebral Microdialysis for the Determination of Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Anticancer Drugs in Tumor-Bearing Rat Brain (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1924-1931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: Microdialysis: experimental brain tumor ; pharmacokinetic ; anticancer drugs ; methotrexate ; histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The use of intracerebral microdialysis as a tool to measure the penetration of anticancer agents in brain tumor was investigated. Methods. Following intravenous (iv) administration of 75 mg/kg. concentration-time profiles of methotrexate (MTX) were determined in brain cortical dialysate and in plasma. The individual ratio of the area under the curve of MTX in brain dialysate over that in plasma (MTX penetration) was determined in normal brain, in tumor-bearing brain and in brain after sham tumor implantation. Individual brains were examined histologically on the presence of tumor, as well as for other factors that might influence local MTX penetration. Histological scores were related to the individual data on penetration of MTX. Results. MTX penetration values were higher in cortical brain at the site of the tumor, as compared to the levels measured in normal or sham implanted brain (mean increase to 250 %). In the cortical brain contralateral to the tumor, MTX penetration values were found to be lower than in normal brain (mean reduction of 65 %). Furthermore, it appeared that in the absence of tumor tissue, the presence of exudate around the probe was independently associated with increased penetration of MTX into the brain. Conclusions. Tumor tissue appeared to be the most important parameter in changing local MTX penetration in brain after tumor implantation. In general, it is anticipated that intracerebral microdialysis combined with histological examination can be used to investigate effects of brain tumor presence on regional (periprobe) penetration of anticancer drugs into the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016239822287
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BBB Transport and P-glycoprotein Functionality Using MDR1A (-/-) and Wild-Type Mice. Total Brain Versus Microdialysis Concentration Profiles of Rhodamine-123 (1998)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 15 (1998), S. 1657-1665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: intracerebral microdialysis ; blood-brain barrier ; mdrla (-/-) mice ; in vivo recovery ; rhodamine-123 ; P-glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The effect of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) on brain distribution using mdrla (-/-) mice was investigated. Methods. Fluorescein (Flu) and FD-4 were used to check whether blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was maintained in mdrla (-/-) mice. The Pgp substrate rhodamine-123 (R123) was infused and total brain, blood and brain microdialysate concentrations in mdrla (-/-) mice and wild-type mice were compared. Results. Maintenance of BBB integrity was indicated by equal total brain/blood ratios of Flu and FD-4 in both mice types. R123 concentrations in brain after i.v. infusion were about 4-fold higher in mdrla (-/-) than in wild-type mice (P 〈 0.05), without changes in blood levels. After microdialysis experiments the same results were found, excluding artifacts in the interpretation of Pgp functionality by the use of this technique. However the 4-fold ratio in brain was not reflected in corresponding microdialysates. No local differences of R123 in the brain were found. By the no-net-flux method in vivo recovery appeared to 4.6-fold lower in mdrla (-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Conclusions. Pgp plays an important role in R123 distribution into the brain. Using intracerebral microdialysis, changes in in vivo recovery by the absence or inhibition of Pgp (or active efflux in general) need to be considered carefully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011988024295
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene silencing results in instability of antibody production in transgenic plants (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 260 (1999), S. 582-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Antibody production ; DNA methylation ; Gene silencing ; Instability ; Transgene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of antibody and Fab expression was assessed in five different homozygous transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Each of these lines showed silencing of the transgenes that encode the antibody polypeptides, leading to instability of antibody production. However, each line had a different and specific instability profile. The characteristic variation in the level of antibody accumulation in each line as a function of developmental stage indicated that the T-DNA integration pattern played a role in triggering silencing, and also that the history and the integration position of simple transgene loci can influence the susceptibility to epigenetic silencing. In different lines with low antibody accumulation levels, methylation was found either in the promoter alone, in both the promoter and the transcribed region, in the transcribed region only, or in the transcribed region and downstream sequences. In conclusion, our data suggest that epigenetic effects result in different transgene expression profiles in each of the five Arabidopsis lines analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050932
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of very neutron deficient nuclei 178Pt and 181Au (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 4 (1999), S. 17-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions – 27.70.+q 150 ≤ A ≤ 189
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The 178Pt and 181Au nuclei have been studied with the (230 MeV) 46Ti +142Nd fusion-evaporation reaction; γ-rays, evaporated particles and recoiling nuclei have been detected by the γ-array GASP + the Si ball ISIS + the recoil mass spectrometer RMS. The newly observed structures in 178Pt and 181Au are most probably built on the proton and quasi-proton h9/2 and i13/2 configurations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050199
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