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  • Springer  (43)
  • 2000-2004  (43)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the estimation of microbial glycosidase activities by dinitrosalicylic acid reagent (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 732-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  In the estimation of glycosidase activity by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent, the stoichiometry of DNS reduction was reported to increase proportionately with the increase in the number of glycosidic linkages present in oligosaccharides liberated by the enzyme. The relationship between increases in DNS reduction and increases in the number of glycosidic bonds was found to be represented by a part of a rectangular hyperbola. The increase was optimum with disaccharide and insignificant when the degree of polymerization (DP) was ≥10. The difference did not arise as a result of the DNSA discriminating between mono- and oligosaccharide oxidation. The relationship stemmed from the acidity of the hydroxyl group adjacent to the reducing group, which repressed DNS reduction. The acidity is likely to decrease with an increase in oligosaccharide chain length. It is suggested that DNS reduction is actually optimum and uniform for all oligosaccharides of DP ≥ 10 and that it is minimum for monosaccharide. Thus the introduction of rectification factors in the estimation of glycosidase activities by the DNS method appears to be justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000327
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  • 2
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    A note on the estimation of microbial glycosidase activities by dinitrosalicylic acid reagent (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-13
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    I–V characteristics and the electric-field effect in melt-grown YBa2Cu3Ox/Y2BaCuO5 HTSC crystals (2000)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 42 (2000), S. 1207-1210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of an electric field E=120 MV/m in the electrode-insulator-superconductor system on I–V curves obtained at 77 K on two types of single-crystal samples cut from monolithic superconducting YBa2Cu3Ox/Y2BaCuO5 has been studied. The Y211 nonsuperconducting phase in the ingot was in the form of precipitates ≈1 µm in size. It has been found that an electric field applied to samples with a comparatively low Y211 content (volume fraction 8%) does not affect the critical current I c while reducing the resistance R at currents slightly above I c . In samples containing more than 35% Y211 phase, electric field results in an increase of I c and a decrease of R for I〉I c . Data on the critical temperature T c and the temperature dependence of I c have also been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1131363
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure of simple preference-based choice functions (2000)
    Springer
    Social choice and welfare 17 (2000), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-217X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Consider an agent with fuzzy preferences, who has to make exact choices when faced with different feasible sets of alternatives. Confining our analysis to the case of feasible sets with not more than two alternatives, we axiomatically characterize two broad classes of decision rules (`ratio rules' and `difference rules') for determining exact choices from these two-element feasible sets on the basis of fuzzy preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractional ac Josephson effect in p- and d-wave superconductors (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 37 (2003), S. 349-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. For certain orientations of Josephson junctions between two p x -wave or two d-wave superconductors, the subgap Andreev bound states produce a $4\pi$ -periodic relation between the Josephson current I and the phase difference $\phi$ : $I\propto\sin(\phi/2)$ . Consequently, the ac Josephson current has the fractional frequency $eV/\hbar$ , where V is the dc voltage. In the tunneling limit, the Josephson current is proportional to the first power (not square) of the electron tunneling amplitude. Thus, the Josephson current between unconventional superconductors is carried by single electrons, rather than by Cooper pairs. The fractional ac Josephson effect can be observed experimentally by measuring frequency spectrum of microwave radiation from the junction. We also study junctions between singlet s-wave and triplet p x -wave, as well as between chiral $p_x\pm ip_y$ -wave superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2004-00066-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does a Kalb–Ramond field make spacetime optically active? (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2002), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A spacetime with torsion produced by a Kalb–Ramond field coupled gravitationally to the Maxwell field, in accordance with a recent proposal by two of us (PM and SS), is argued to lead to optical activity in synchrotron radiation from cosmologically distant radio sources. We show that this indicates a very small, but possibly observable rotation of the plane of polarization of the radiation, above and beyond the Faraday rotation due to magnetized galactic plasma. Implications for heterotic string theory are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520100872
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parity violation in four and higher dimensional spacetime with torsion (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2004), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The possibility of parity violation in a gravitational theory with torsion is extensively explored in four and higher dimensions. In the former case, we have listed our conclusions on when and whether parity ceases to be conserved, with both two- and three-index antisymmetry of the torsion field. In the latter, the bulk spacetime is assumed to have torsion, and the survival of parity violating terms in the four dimensional effective action is studied, using the compactification schemes proposed by Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali and Randall-Sundrum. An interesting conclusion is that the torsion-axion duality arising in a stringy scenario via the second rank antisymmetric Kalb-Ramond field leads to conservation of parity in the gravity sector in any dimension. However, parity violating interactions do appear for spin-1/2 fermions in such theories, which can have crucial phenomenological implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-01759-7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algorithms for Dynamic Routing in All-Optical Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 163-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: wavelength routed optical network ; dynamic lightpath assignment ; all-optical networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we have studied a number of algorithms for routing in all-optical wavelength routed networks. We have considered situations where a lightpath is dynamically created in response to a request for communication and the WDM channels constituting the lightpath are reclaimed when the communication is over. We have looked at two schemes for dynamic wavelength allocation. In the first scheme we have assumed the existence of a central agent to maintain a database of existing lightpaths where the central agent attempts to generate a new lightpath in response to a request for communication. In the second scheme, we attempt to generate a new lightpath using a distributed algorithm. In the first scheme we have exploited the existence of multiple paths between any pair of nodes in a network in order to reduce the blocking probability. For the second scheme, we have proposed three distributed strategies to determine, if possible, a lightpath when there is a request for communication. Each of these strategies have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of the expected blocking probability and the set-up time. We have studied the performances of both the schemes using Monte Carlo simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010088407041
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Optical Layer Lightpath Management Protocol for WDM AONs (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: all-optical networks (AONs) ; WDM ; lightpath management ; optical layer protocol ; specification ; communicating finite state machine (CFSM) ; validation and reachability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this work, we propose a control protocol for lightpath management in the optical layer of all-optical networks (AONs). AONs follow a layered structure, as used by various network standards, where each layer communicates with its peer through Protocol Data Units (PDUs). In the context of Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model (RM), a new layer, called optical layer, has been introduced in the AON architecture to manage the lightpath related functions. The optical layer lies in between the physical layer and the data link layer. The objective of this paper is to define a specification for an optical layer protocol for managing lightpaths in AONs. In order to study the dynamics of the optical layer protocol system, we first employ the communicating finite state machine model to represent the protocol. Then a reachability analysis of the model is performed to verify the protocol. This paper shows how the optical layer protocol can be specified formally and made error-free by the step-wise refinement of an initial specification, where validation is done after each refinement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010040523879
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Distributed Fault Management Scheme for Wavelength Routed All-Optical Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 369-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: all-optical networks ; fault management ; distributed algorithm ; dynamic routing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a distributed algorithm to determine fault avoiding routes between source-destination end-node pairs in an all-optical network. Fault-tolerant routing for WDM routed all-optical networks has not been studied in details in the literature except for using protection switching or loopback recovery. Such schemes use predetermined protection mechanism and hence assume that the protection path is not faulty. This paper considers extensions to a dynamic routing scheme (presented earlier by these authors for fault-free networks) to handle rerouting in case of fault occurrence. The performance degradations of the network because of fault occurrence are then studied in terms of blocking probability and set-up time through simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026522715035
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