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  • 1
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    Geographically Varying Ground-Motion Prediction Using Records from Historical Events (2015)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-05
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 2
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    Assessment of Coherency for Bidirectional Horizontal Ground Motions and Its Application for Simulating Records at Multiple Stations (2014)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Estimation of the coherency of ground-motion records in two horizontal orthogonal directions at single or multiple stations is carried out using records from SMART-1 array for several seismic events in Taiwan. Empirical coherency function is suggested for the components of records in two horizontal orthogonal directions at single- and multiple-recording stations. It was also found that the coherency for the records along the major and minor principal axes at a recording station is similar to that for two randomly oriented orthogonal directions. The spatial coherency and the spatial correlation of the records are used to establish a procedure for simulating bidirectional horizontal ground motions at multiple stations, considering that the stochastic point-source method or the stochastic finite-fault method can be used to define the reference Fourier amplitude spectra for scenario events. Use of the proposed procedure to simulate records is illustrated for a scenario seismic event; the adequacy of the simulated records in approximating the target spatial correlation and coherency is presented.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 3
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    Historical (Yuan Dynasty) Earthquake on the North Danghe Nanshan Thrust, Western Qilian Shan, China (2017)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    Publication Date: 2017-05-31
    Description: Historical archives of earthquake occurrence provide a millennial view of fault system behavior with precision beyond the capability of radiometric dating techniques. Understanding the long historical record of earthquake activity in China presents a great opportunity to develop such an archive. However, the complex distributed nature of faulting here leads to uncertainty and requires matching historic events to the paleoseismic record from fault excavations. We present paleoseismic evidence for the most recent rupture of the north Danghe Nanshan thrust (NDNT) and correlate the age of this event to nearby historical archives. We use high-resolution topography generated from airborne drone photography to measure an average coseismic fault throw of 0.8±0.2 m. Three trenches excavated across these small scarps show shortening of ~1.3 m, consistent with event magnitude of M w 7.0±0.5 that probably ruptured the entire ~45-km-long northern strand of the eastern NDNT system. Geochronology data and the historical record from Dunhuang and Anxi together indicate that this event likely occurred at A.D. 1289, during the Yuan Dynasty. Electronic Supplement: Description of the test procedure of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples, and figure showing natural OSL decay curve, growth curves, and equivalent dose (De) distributions.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 4
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    Anomalous Pn Amplitudes through the Southeastern Tarim Basin and Western Tien Shan along Two Profiles: Observations and Interpretations (2017)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-23
    Description: We observe substantial amplitude anomalies of Pn waveforms that propagated through the southeastern Tarim basin and western Tien Shan along the two profiles, which are from an earthquake that occurred on the southeastern margin of Tarim basin. Although there is only a 5° difference in azimuth from the epicenter for the two profiles, the Pn amplitude differences along them are significant. The synthetic seismograms in the band of 0.5–1.5 Hz for different models along the two profiles are simulated to interpret the observed anomalies. The simulation results indicate that the Pn anomalies along the two profiles may not result from the earthquake focal mechanism or the average-layered mantle lid structure. The Moho topography along the R–A profile may mainly account for the drastic variation of Pn amplitudes in 0.5–1.5 Hz as the epicentral distance increases from 850 to 1100 km, whereas the Moho topography and the velocity heterogeneity may together account for the observed Pn anomalies in the band of 0.5–1.5 Hz along the R–B profile.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 5
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    A Slip Gap of the 2016 Mw 6.6 Muji, Xinjiang, China, Earthquake Inferred from Sentinel-1 TOPS Interferometry (2017)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-28
    Description: We use Sentinel-1A/1B Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans (TOPS) data to map coseismic and postseismic displacements for the 25 November 2016 M w  6.6 Muji earthquake in southwestern Xinjiang, China. Two tracks (T27 and T107) of the TOPS data captured the coseismic deformation area with a maximum line-of-sight deformation of ~0.25 m in the descending track (T107). The inverted best-fitting coseismic slip model in this study shows that the mainshock was a right-lateral strike-slip rupture on the western segment of the Muji fault, with an optimal dip angle of 80°±4°. Two separated slip zones exist in the coseismic slip model, with the maximum slip of 1.6 m located in the western slip zone. The total geodetic moment is 9.87 x 10 18 N·m, equivalent to an earthquake of M w  6.6. Our model shows that a patch between the two slip zones remained unruptured during the mainshock, indicating a potential future seismic risk. Aftershocks recorded in the first 45 days after the mainshock delineate the modeled rupture patches well. The components of the regional Global Positioning System velocities parallel to the Muji fault have been inverted to obtain an interseismic slip rate of ~10 mm/yr on this structure. The recent large strike-slip earthquakes in this area, that is, the 2015 M w  7.2 Tajikistan earthquake (left-lateral) and 2016 M w  6.6 Muji earthquake (right-lateral), may be an indicator of conjugate fault systems at the west boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates in response to north–south convergence produced by the collision of the two plates.
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 6
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    Modeling the Effects of Source and Path Heterogeneity on Ground Motions of Great Earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone Using 3D Simulations (2014)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-12
    Description: We ran finite-difference earthquake simulations for great subduction zone earthquakes in Cascadia to model the effects of source and path heterogeneity for the purpose of improving strong-motion predictions. We developed a rupture model for large subduction zone earthquakes based on a k –2 slip spectrum and scale-dependent rise times by representing the slip distribution as the sum of normal modes of a vibrating membrane. Finite source and path effects were important in determining the distribution of strong motions through the locations of the hypocenter, subevents, and crustal structures like sedimentary basins. Some regions in Cascadia appear to be at greater risk than others during an event due to the geometry of the Cascadia fault zone relative to the coast and populated regions. The southern Oregon coast appears to have increased risk because it is closer to the locked zone of the Cascadia fault than other coastal areas and is also in the path of directivity amplification from any rupture propagating north to south in that part of the subduction zone, and the basins in the Puget Sound area are efficiently amplified by both north and south propagating ruptures off the coast of western Washington. We find that the median spectral accelerations at 5 s period from the simulations are similar to that of the Zhao et al. (2006) ground-motion prediction equation, although our simulations predict higher amplitudes near the region of greatest slip and in the sedimentary basins, such as the Seattle basin.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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