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  • 1
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    Characteristics, Geometry, and Segmentation of the Surface Rupture Associated with the 14 April 2010 Yushu Earthquake, Eastern Tibet, China (2012)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-01
    Description: On the morning of 14 April 2010, the M s  7.1 Yushu earthquake struck the eastern Tibet Plateau and an M s  6.3 aftershock followed west-southwest of the mainshock epicenter one and a half hours later. The Yushu earthquake occurred on the northwestern continuation of the Ganzi–Xianshuihe fault zone and reactivated two segments of the fault. Ruptures associated with Yushu earthquake span a zone 70 km long, extending from south of Jielong in the west to south of Gyêgu (Yushu) in the east. Detailed mapping of the surface rupture zone shows that it consists of two strike-slip segments, the western and eastern segments, separated by the Longbao Lake step-over (pull apart) basin. Our analysis suggests that the 18-km-long western segment of the surface rupture south of the Longbao Lake basin may have been associated with the M s  6.3 aftershock. The eastern rupture segment, which is inferred to be associated with the mainshock, is 32 km long. The main surface rupture can also be divided into two sections, with a 2-km-long gap between them. The surface rupture exhibits left-lateral slip and is localized in a zone about 50 m wide along the present-day trace of the Yushu fault. A single break, without splays or branching traces, characterizes most of the surface rupture zone. The observed magnitudes of surface displacement are typically 0.5–1 m with a maximum slip of 2 m. Both field observations and seismic inversion results suggest, rupture of M s  7.1 Yushu earthquake nucleated near the Longbao Lake step-over basin in the west, propagated unilaterally eastward, and terminated within the east segment margin of the Yushu fault.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 2
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    Rupture Dynamics and Ground Motion from Potential Earthquakes around Taiyuan, China (2017)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-31
    Description: Using the curved grid finite-difference method, we develop dynamic spontaneous rupture models of earthquakes on the Jiaocheng fault (JF) near Taiyuan, the capital and largest city of Shanxi Province in north China. We then model the wave propagation and strong ground motion generated by these scenario earthquakes. A map of the seismic-hazard distribution for a potential M  7.5 earthquake is created based on dynamic rupture and true 3D modeling. The tectonic initial stress fields derived from the inversion of focal mechanisms of historical earthquakes, a nonplanar fault, and a rough surface are considered in the dynamic rupture simulation. Based on the geological structure of the Taiyuan basin, normal faulting with a dipping angle of 60° is implemented for the scenario earthquake simulations. The largest uncertainty of a potential earthquake in the JF zone is the hypocenter. Four cases are used to nucleate the earthquake at different locations. Using these dynamic rupture sources for the JF, we further simulate and analyze both the seismic wave generated by the scenario earthquake and the strong ground motion. It is found that the low-velocity media of the Taiyuan basin redistribute the ground motion well. The effects of the regional stress fields on the dynamic rupture and hazard distribution are investigated and discussed further. Moreover, a scenario earthquake, which can cause great damage to the city of Taiyuan, is modeled and analyzed.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 3
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    Rupture Directivity of the 18 April 2008 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake from Modeling of Local Seismic Waveforms (2018)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉The 2008 Mw 5.2 Mt. Carmel earthquake is the largest earthquake in the last 50 yrs in southeastern Illinois, near the north termination of the north‐northeast‐trending Wabash Valley fault system (WVFS). The earthquake shows almost pure strike‐slip focal mechanism, but it is still uncertain which nodal plane (NP) is the ruptured fault plane. To resolve the fault plane, we determine rupture directivity of the earthquake via the relative centroid method. We begin with inverting the point‐source solution (strike 297°/dip 84°/rake 1° for NP1, strike 206°/dip 89°/rake 173° for NP2, and centroid depth 16 km) and then determine the relative location between the centroid and hypocenter via regional waveform fitting. Two 〈strong〉M〈/strong〉 4+ aftershocks are used as reference events, and the waveform time shifts of reference events with respect to the 1D velocity model are used to calibrate the path effects. The results show that the Illinois mainshock ruptured to east‐southeast along the 297° NP for about 2–3 km, consistent with relocated aftershock distribution, and we infer that the sinistral causative fault connects the north‐northwest‐trending La Salle anticlinal belt and the north‐northeast‐trending WVFS.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
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    Rupture Directivity of the 18 April 2008 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake from Modeling of Local Seismic Waveforms (2018)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉The 2008 Mw 5.2 Mt. Carmel earthquake is the largest earthquake in the last 50 yrs in southeastern Illinois, near the north termination of the north‐northeast‐trending Wabash Valley fault system (WVFS). The earthquake shows almost pure strike‐slip focal mechanism, but it is still uncertain which nodal plane (NP) is the ruptured fault plane. To resolve the fault plane, we determine rupture directivity of the earthquake via the relative centroid method. We begin with inverting the point‐source solution (strike 297°/dip 84°/rake 1° for NP1, strike 206°/dip 89°/rake 173° for NP2, and centroid depth 16 km) and then determine the relative location between the centroid and hypocenter via regional waveform fitting. Two 〈strong〉M〈/strong〉 4+ aftershocks are used as reference events, and the waveform time shifts of reference events with respect to the 1D velocity model are used to calibrate the path effects. The results show that the Illinois mainshock ruptured to east‐southeast along the 297° NP for about 2–3 km, consistent with relocated aftershock distribution, and we infer that the sinistral causative fault connects the north‐northwest‐trending La Salle anticlinal belt and the north‐northeast‐trending WVFS.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incipient fluidization at different temperatures and powder characterization (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 500-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330317
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of covalent carbon - nitride solids: Alternatives to diamond? (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 497-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940060614
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of disruption of animal cells by laminar shear stress (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 1004-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: mammalian cell ; disruption ; shear stress ; mechanical properties ; micromanipulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using mechanical cell properties measured by micromanipulation, and a model of cell distortion in laminar flow fields, a method has been developed for predicting disruption of animal cells by laminar shear stresses. Predictions of the model were compared with measured losses of cell number and viability of TB/C3 murine hybridomas sheared in a cone and plate viscometer at shear rates up to 3950 s-1, and shear stresses up to 600 Nm-2, achieved by enhancement of viscosity with dextran. In all cases, the experimental, results and predictions were within 30%. Such excellent agreement suggests it might be possible to use micromanipulation measurements of animal cell mechanical properties to predict cell damage in more complex flow fields, such as those in bioreactors. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400903
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle and cell size dependence of susceptibility to hydrodynamic forces (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell cycle ; hydrodynamic forces ; apoptosis ; cell culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exposure of animal cells to intense hydrodynamic forces exerted in turbulent capillary flow, and by controiled agitation and aeration, resulted in preferential destruction of S and G2 cells and the extent of destruction of these cells was dependent upon the intensity of the action. The loss of these cells was possibly due to their larger size. However, the appearance of large numbers of membrane-bound vesicular structures similar to apoptotic bodies as well as cells with low DNA stainability (in a sub-G1 peak) suggested that the action of adverse hydrodynamic forces on these large cells may at least in part be to induce an apoptotic response. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of disruption of animal cells by turbulent capillary flow (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 987-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell disruption ; turbulent flow ; mammalian cells ; mechanical properties ; micromanipulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disruption of animal cells in turbulent capillary flows has been predicted from a model of cell-hydrodynamic interactions using cell mechanical properties determined by micromanipulation. Eddies of sizes similar to or smaller than the cells are presumed to interact with those cells, causing local surface deformations. The proposed mechanism of cell damage is that such deformations result in an increase in membrane tension and surface energy and that a cell disrupts when its bursting membrane tension and bursting surface energy are exceeded. The surface energy of the cells is estimated from the kinetic energy of appropriately sized eddies. To test the model, cells were disrupted in turbulent flows in capillaries at mean energy dissipation rates up to 2 × 104 m2/s3. In all cases the model underestimated the cell disruption by about 15%. Such good agreement implies that the approach of the model to the complicated phenomena of cell turbulence interactions is reasonable. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420809
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Modification of Polyethylene Terephthalate with Excimer UV RadiationPaper presented at Fourth International Conference on Adhesion and Surface Analysis, Loughborough, 16-18 April 1996. (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 718-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photochemical dry etching and surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated with an incoherent excimer UV source, employing a dielectric barrier discharge in krypton chloride to provide intense narrow-band radiation at λ=222 nm (KrCl*). The roughness of the exposed PET was measured with a stylus profilometer. The morphology of the irradiated PET films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after different exposure times and the roughness of PET can be controlled by UV intensity and exposure times. Etching rate is 40 times higher than that for photochemical etching of PET with a conventional mercury lamp. The chemical changes in the UV-exposed PET surface layer were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by measurement of the intensity of the C - C, C - O and O - C=O bonds after irradiation with the KrCl* excimer lamp.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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