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  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Zhaohui -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):145. doi: 10.1038/517145c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/adverse effects/*prevention & control ; China ; Climate Change ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Public Health ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-11-25
    Description: On the basis of geophysical observations, cosmochemical constraints, and high-pressure experimental data, the Earth's liquid outer core consists of mainly liquid iron alloyed with about ten per cent (by weight) of light elements. Although the concentrations of the light elements are small, they nevertheless affect the Earth's core: its rate of cooling, the growth of the inner core, the dynamics of core convection, and the evolution of the geodynamo. Several light elements-including sulphur, oxygen, silicon, carbon and hydrogen-have been suggested, but the precise identity of the light elements in the Earth's core is still unclear. Oxygen has been proposed as a major light element in the core on the basis of cosmochemical arguments and chemical reactions during accretion. Its presence in the core has direct implications for Earth accretion conditions of oxidation state, pressure and temperature. Here we report new shockwave data in the Fe-S-O system that are directly applicable to the outer core. The data include both density and sound velocity measurements, which we compare with the observed density and velocity profiles of the liquid outer core. The results show that we can rule out oxygen as a major light element in the liquid outer core because adding oxygen into liquid iron would not reproduce simultaneously the observed density and sound velocity profiles of the outer core. An oxygen-depleted core would imply a more reduced environment during early Earth accretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Haijun -- Fei, Yingwei -- Cai, Lingcang -- Jing, Fuqian -- Hu, Xiaojun -- Xie, Hongsen -- Zhang, Lianmeng -- Gong, Zizheng -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 23;479(7374):513-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22113693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: Observing marine mammal (MM) populations continuously in time and space over the immense ocean areas they inhabit is challenging but essential for gathering an unambiguous record of their distribution, as well as understanding their behaviour and interaction with prey species. Here we use passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (POAWRS) in an important North Atlantic feeding ground to instantaneously detect, localize and classify MM vocalizations from diverse species over an approximately 100,000 km(2) region. More than eight species of vocal MMs are found to spatially converge on fish spawning areas containing massive densely populated herring shoals at night-time and diffuse herring distributions during daytime. We find the vocal MMs divide the enormous fish prey field into species-specific foraging areas with varying degrees of spatial overlap, maintained for at least two weeks of the herring spawning period. The recorded vocalization rates are diel (24 h)-dependent for all MM species, with some significantly more vocal at night and others more vocal during the day. The four key baleen whale species of the region: fin, humpback, blue and minke have vocalization rate trends that are highly correlated to trends in fish shoaling density and to each other over the diel cycle. These results reveal the temporospatial dynamics of combined multi-species MM foraging activities in the vicinity of an extensive fish prey field that forms a massive ecological hotspot, and would be unattainable with conventional methodologies. Understanding MM behaviour and distributions is essential for management of marine ecosystems and for accessing anthropogenic impacts on these protected marine species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Delin -- Garcia, Heriberto -- Huang, Wei -- Tran, Duong D -- Jain, Ankita D -- Yi, Dong Hoon -- Gong, Zheng -- Jech, J Michael -- Godo, Olav Rune -- Makris, Nicholas C -- Ratilal, Purnima -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):366-70. doi: 10.1038/nature16960. Epub 2016 Mar 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Ocean Acoustics and Ecosystem Sensing, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Laboratory for Undersea Remote Sensing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ; Institute of Marine Research, Post Office Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; Diet/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; *Feeding Behavior ; Fishes/*physiology ; Male ; Mammals/*physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; Time Factors ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: Field investigations reveal that the 2014 M w  6.9 Yutian earthquake on the left-lateral strike-slip Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) system, Tibetan Plateau, produced an ~25-km-long surface rupture zone that contains conjugate Riedel shear faults. The coseismic surface ruptures occurred mainly along two parallel east-northeast-trending active left-lateral strike-slip faults. Rupture also occurred in a conjugate, west-northwest-trending zone along an active right-lateral strike-slip fault. The east-northeast-trending ruptures are concentrated in a zone of 〈500-m wide and ~25-km long, and are characterized by Riedel shear structures including distinct shear faults (Y) with a maximum sinistral displacement of ~1 m, right-stepping en echelon cracks, and mole tracks. In contrast, the west-northwest-trending ruptures occur within a zone of up to 1.5-km wide and ~4-km long in the jog area between the two parallel east-northeast-trending faults, and this zone is characterized by discontinuous shear faults with dextral displacements of 〈0.5 m, left-stepping en echelon cracks, and mole tracks, all oriented oblique to the east-northeast-trending rupture zones at an angle of 30°–40°. The lengths and displacements of the coseismic surface ruptures measured in the field are comparable with those obtained from the empirical relationships between magnitude and coseismic surface rupture length and displacement. Our findings demonstrate that the coseismic conjugate Riedel faulting was controlled mainly by preexisting active faults of the ATF system, reflecting the present-day tectonic stress field associated with the ongoing penetration of the Indian Plate into the Eurasian Plate.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: Field investigations reveal that the 2014 M w  6.9 Yutian earthquake on the left-lateral strike-slip Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) system, Tibetan Plateau, produced an ~25-km-long surface rupture zone that contains conjugate Riedel shear faults. The coseismic surface ruptures occurred mainly along two parallel east-northeast-trending active left-lateral strike-slip faults. Rupture also occurred in a conjugate, west-northwest-trending zone along an active right-lateral strike-slip fault. The east-northeast-trending ruptures are concentrated in a zone of 〈500-m wide and ~25-km long, and are characterized by Riedel shear structures including distinct shear faults (Y) with a maximum sinistral displacement of ~1 m, right-stepping en echelon cracks, and mole tracks. In contrast, the west-northwest-trending ruptures occur within a zone of up to 1.5-km wide and ~4-km long in the jog area between the two parallel east-northeast-trending faults, and this zone is characterized by discontinuous shear faults with dextral displacements of 〈0.5 m, left-stepping en echelon cracks, and mole tracks, all oriented oblique to the east-northeast-trending rupture zones at an angle of 30°–40°. The lengths and displacements of the coseismic surface ruptures measured in the field are comparable with those obtained from the empirical relationships between magnitude and coseismic surface rupture length and displacement. Our findings demonstrate that the coseismic conjugate Riedel faulting was controlled mainly by preexisting active faults of the ATF system, reflecting the present-day tectonic stress field associated with the ongoing penetration of the Indian Plate into the Eurasian Plate.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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