ALBERT

Description: Several resources and standards for indexing food descriptors currently exist, but their content and interrelations are not semantically and logically coherent. Simultaneously, the need to represent knowledge about food is central to many fields including biomedicine and sustainable development. FoodON is a new ontology built to interoperate with the OBO Library and to represent entities which bear a “food role”. It encompasses materials in natural ecosystems and food webs as well as humancentric categorization and handling of food. The latter will be the initial focus of the ontology, and we aim to develop semantics for food safety, food security, the agricultural and animal husbandry practices linked to food production, culinary, nutritional and chemical ingredients and processes. The scope of FoodON is ambitious and will require input from multiple domains. FoodON will import or map to material in existing ontologies and standards and will create content to cover gaps in the representation of food-related products and processes. As a robust food ontology can only be created by consensus and wide adoption, we are currently forming an international consortium to build partnerships, solicit domain expertise, and gather use cases to guide the ontology’s development. The products of this work are being applied to research and clinical datasets such as those associated with the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study which examines the causal factors of asthma and allergy development in children, and the Integrated Rapid Infectious Disease Analysis (IRIDA) platform for genomic epidemiology and foodborne outbreak investigation.

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey deployed 〉1800 vertical-component nodal seismometers in Grant County, Oklahoma, to study induced seismic activity associated with production of the Mississippi limestone play. The LArge‐n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) array operated for approximately one month, covering a 25 km by 32 km region with a nominal station spacing of ∼400  m. Primary goals of the deployment were to detect microseismic events not captured by the sparser regional network stations and to provide nearly unaliased records of the seismic wavefield. A more complete record of earthquakes allows us to map the spatiotemporal evolution of induced event sequences and illuminates the structures on which the events occur. Dense records of the seismic wavefield also provide improved measurements of the earthquake source, including focal mechanisms and stress drops. Taken together, we can use these findings to glean insights into the processes that induce earthquakes. Here, we describe the array layout, features of the nodal sensors, data recording configurations, and the field deployment. We also provide examples of earthquake waveforms recorded by the array to illustrate data quality and initial observations. LASSO array data provide a significant resource for understanding the occurrence of earthquakes induced by wastewater disposal.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉Since its development in the late 1960s and 1970s, plate tectonics has caught hold and been used to explain many fundamental processes on Earth (〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf19"〉Vine, 1966〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf14"〉Oliver and Isacks, 1967〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf17"〉Sykes, 1967〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf7"〉Isacks 〈span〉et al.〈/span〉, 1968〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf11"〉McKenzie, 1972〈/a〉). Plate tectonics gave rise to the concept of subduction: places where oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the mantle and the site of the largest earthquakes, devastating tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and large amounts of deformation. Although data were often sparse in the early years of plate tectonics, there was a framework in which to understand subduction. In the last two decades, there has been an explosion of data related to subduction processes resulting in literally thousands of papers, based on seismological observations, geodesy, numerical models, geochemistry, and other geophysical datasets. Hence, having consolidated a general vision for subduction, the most recent research efforts focus on identifying and explaining the range of slip behaviors, tsunamic generation, subduction channel properties, anisotropy, seismic triggering, and nonvolcanic (tectonic) tremors at a range of scales that are observed in subduction zones.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉The possibility of reactivation of faults due to enhancement of pore pressure in rocks surrounding faults and fractures in the deep subsurface is a challenge associated with injection practices. Reactivation can result in induced seismicity, some of which may be significant enough to be felt or even damaging. Of the key factors that influence the propensity for fault slippage—pore pressure, orientation of the stress tensors, and frictional coefficient orientation of the fault plane—only the last factor can be assessed for its contribution to the possibility of reactivation. This investigation assesses a simplified version of fault orientation relative to the stress tensors and ranks the propensity of movement as a three‐level risk (high, medium, and low). Fault segments in the fault systems located within the Illinois basin and surrounding portion of the eastern Midcontinent are assigned a risk based on their relative orientation to the principal horizontal stress. Horizontal stress tensors are arrayed relative to the fault segments in two different manners: a generalized single value for the average stress orientation (N60°E for the entire domain), and a locally specific orientation of the stress tensors based on an inversion of earthquake fault‐plane solutions and stress indicators (30×30  km cells across the domain). Comparison of the results of these two methods of portraying the angle of the maximum horizontal stress tensor relative to the fault segment orientation reveals several areas of divergence in assigned fault‐slip risk. These changes are especially apparent within portions of the Wabash Valley of southwestern Indiana and the Shawneetown‐Rough Creek fault system of western Kentucky and southern Illinois. The assessment of fault‐slip risk potential based on fault orientation relative to the orientation of the principal horizontal stress is improved by incorporating local stress tensor orientations over a single regional value.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉The possibility of reactivation of faults due to enhancement of pore pressure in rocks surrounding faults and fractures in the deep subsurface is a challenge associated with injection practices. Reactivation can result in induced seismicity, some of which may be significant enough to be felt or even damaging. Of the key factors that influence the propensity for fault slippage—pore pressure, orientation of the stress tensors, and frictional coefficient orientation of the fault plane—only the last factor can be assessed for its contribution to the possibility of reactivation. This investigation assesses a simplified version of fault orientation relative to the stress tensors and ranks the propensity of movement as a three‐level risk (high, medium, and low). Fault segments in the fault systems located within the Illinois basin and surrounding portion of the eastern Midcontinent are assigned a risk based on their relative orientation to the principal horizontal stress. Horizontal stress tensors are arrayed relative to the fault segments in two different manners: a generalized single value for the average stress orientation (N60°E for the entire domain), and a locally specific orientation of the stress tensors based on an inversion of earthquake fault‐plane solutions and stress indicators (30×30  km cells across the domain). Comparison of the results of these two methods of portraying the angle of the maximum horizontal stress tensor relative to the fault segment orientation reveals several areas of divergence in assigned fault‐slip risk. These changes are especially apparent within portions of the Wabash Valley of southwestern Indiana and the Shawneetown‐Rough Creek fault system of western Kentucky and southern Illinois. The assessment of fault‐slip risk potential based on fault orientation relative to the orientation of the principal horizontal stress is improved by incorporating local stress tensor orientations over a single regional value.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉The authors identified two sets of minor errors in the paper by 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa#rf1"〉Rubinstein 〈span〉et al.〈/span〉 (2018)〈/a〉, which are corrected here.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉We describe the scientific motivation and deployment strategy for the 2015 Sevilleta Socorro magma body (SMB) mixed‐mode seismic experiment in central New Mexico, U.S.A. The array consisted of seven temporary broadband, 801 short‐period geophones, and seven regional network seismic stations placed within the central Rio Grande rift and above the SMB, one of the largest known mid‐crustal continental magma bodies globally. The array recorded teleseismic, regional, and local earthquakes as well as regional explosions. Current analysis efforts include earthquake detection and location, structural imaging, and velocity model refinement along the segment of the magma body region experiencing the highest uplift rates.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉Since its development in the late 1960s and 1970s, plate tectonics has caught hold and been used to explain many fundamental processes on Earth (〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf19"〉Vine, 1966〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf14"〉Oliver and Isacks, 1967〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf17"〉Sykes, 1967〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf7"〉Isacks 〈span〉et al.〈/span〉, 1968〈/a〉; 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl#rf11"〉McKenzie, 1972〈/a〉). Plate tectonics gave rise to the concept of subduction: places where oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the mantle and the site of the largest earthquakes, devastating tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and large amounts of deformation. Although data were often sparse in the early years of plate tectonics, there was a framework in which to understand subduction. In the last two decades, there has been an explosion of data related to subduction processes resulting in literally thousands of papers, based on seismological observations, geodesy, numerical models, geochemistry, and other geophysical datasets. Hence, having consolidated a general vision for subduction, the most recent research efforts focus on identifying and explaining the range of slip behaviors, tsunamic generation, subduction channel properties, anisotropy, seismic triggering, and nonvolcanic (tectonic) tremors at a range of scales that are observed in subduction zones.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey deployed 〉1800 vertical-component nodal seismometers in Grant County, Oklahoma, to study induced seismic activity associated with production of the Mississippi limestone play. The LArge‐n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) array operated for approximately one month, covering a 25 km by 32 km region with a nominal station spacing of ∼400  m. Primary goals of the deployment were to detect microseismic events not captured by the sparser regional network stations and to provide nearly unaliased records of the seismic wavefield. A more complete record of earthquakes allows us to map the spatiotemporal evolution of induced event sequences and illuminates the structures on which the events occur. Dense records of the seismic wavefield also provide improved measurements of the earthquake source, including focal mechanisms and stress drops. Taken together, we can use these findings to glean insights into the processes that induce earthquakes. Here, we describe the array layout, features of the nodal sensors, data recording configurations, and the field deployment. We also provide examples of earthquake waveforms recorded by the array to illustrate data quality and initial observations. LASSO array data provide a significant resource for understanding the occurrence of earthquakes induced by wastewater disposal.〈/span〉