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  • 1
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    Royal Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-09-27
    Beschreibung: To effectively control air pollution, it is necessary to obtain a preliminary assessment of air quality. The purpose of this study was to introduce a cloud model method in air pollution assessment. First, the standard cloud models of air pollution indicators were obtained, and the calculating process of numerical characteristics employed by the standard cloud model was explained. Second, the levels of air pollution indicators were presented based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cloud models, which realized the uncertainty conversion between qualitative concepts and their corresponding quantitative values, as well as taking the fuzziness and randomness into account. Air quality assessment results including SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, O 3 , PM 10 and PM 2.5 were analysed. Third, the cloud model adopted in the assessment process of air quality was validated by grey relational analysis, and the results confirmed the validity of cloud model assessment. Fourth, the air pollution level of the air quality index (AQI) was determined, and the fuzziness and randomness of the assessment results were thoroughly analysed by taking entropy and hyper entropy into consideration. Fifth, seasonal variations in different air pollution indicators were analysed to proffer a series of recommendations for government policy decision-makers and travellers. The cloud model provided a new method for air quality assessment.
    Schlagwort(e): atmospheric science
    Digitale ISSN: 2054-5703
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Royal Society
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-09
    Beschreibung: Safety assessments are a crucial first step in preventing coal and gas outburst accidents. The main purpose of this study was to create a new accident prevention technique using a novel safety assessment method based on fault tree basic event importance, grey relational analysis and the bow tie model. The innovation of the proposed method lies in generating the composite importance of a basic event from the fundamental importance via grey relational analysis; bow tie analysis serves to reveal the most critical basic event. First, the minimal cut sets and minimal path sets of a coal and gas outburst accident are determined by fault tree analysis. The role of minimal cut and path sets is determined and the coal and gas outburst occurrence frequency is calculated accordingly. Second, the structure, probability, critical and Fussell–Vesely importance ranked basic events differently due to different aspects of the basic events as investigated. We establish a composite importance to represent single basic events and achieved new ranking results by grey relational analysis. Third, the critical basic event low permeability coefficient is analysed via bow tie model and safety measures are defined which prevent the dangerous consequences of a low permeability coefficient. An actual coal and gas outburst accident is used as a case study to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Schlagwort(e): power and energy systems, energy
    Digitale ISSN: 2054-5703
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Royal Society
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-10-25
    Beschreibung: Sand casting operations, though commonplace, pose a significant threat of explosion accidents. This paper presents a novel sand casting safety assessment technique based on fault tree analysis, Heinrich accident triangle, hazard and operability–layer of protection analysis (HAZOP–LOPA) and bow tie model components. Minimal cut sets and minimal path sets are first determined based on fault tree analysis, then the frequency of sand casting explosion accidents is calculated based on the Heinrich accident triangle. Third, the risk level of venting quality can be reduced by adopting HAZOP–LOPA; the residual risk level of venting quality remains excessive even after adopting two independent protective layers. The bow tie model is then adopted to determine the causes and consequences of venting quality. Five preventative measures are imposed to enhance the venting quality of foundry sand accompanied by 16 mitigative safety measures. Our results indicate that the risk attributable to low foundry sand venting quality can be minimized via bow tie analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): mechanical engineering
    Digitale ISSN: 2054-5703
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Royal Society
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-19
    Beschreibung: Safe production is the foundation of the normal operations of petrochemical enterprises, and it helps maintain social stability. The main purpose of this study is to prevent petrochemical enterprise accidents by proposing a composite safety assessment approach based on the cloud model, preliminary hazard analysis–layer of protection analysis (PHA–LOPA) and the bow-tie model. First, the petrochemical enterprise and its relevant indicators were evaluated based on the cloud model. Second, the quantitative effect of the uncertainty transformation on the evaluation result of the cloud model was further analysed. This mainly includes the error analysis of the numerical characteristics under the conditions of few samples and small values. Third, the critical indicators such as shock and noise can be weakened and prevented by corresponding safety measures based on PHA–LOPA and the bow-tie model. After adopting two independent protection layers, the risk levels of shock and noise decrease from 3 to 2. Then, shock and noise were analysed in depth with the bow-tie model, and the causes and consequences were identified. Moreover, corresponding safety measures were taken to prevent accidents. The case study validated the validity and feasibility of the composite safety assessment approach proposed here.
    Schlagwort(e): energy
    Digitale ISSN: 2054-5703
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Royal Society
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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