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  • 1
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    Metal-free C60/CNTs/g-C3N4 ternary heterostructures: synthesis and enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance (2018)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2018-05-17
    Description: A metal-free C 60 /CNTs/g-C 3 N 4 nanoheterostructure with excellent visible-light photocatalysis for rhodamine B (Rh B) degradation has been reported. Via a convenient low-temperature solution-phase method, g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets can serve as substrate for dispersion of C 60 /CNTs. The loading of C 60 /CNTs onto g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets surfaces significantly enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of g-C 3 N 4 catalyst, for oxidation of organic pollutant (Rh B, 100%). Excellent photocatalytic properties of C 60 /CNTs/g-C 3 N 4 can be predominantly attributed to the intimate interfacial contact among constructing compounds, increased specific surface area and enhanced light adsorption efficiency resulted from C 60 /CNTs carbon materials. Particularly, the synergistic heterostructure interaction remarkably hinders the electron–hole pairs recombination, giving rise to significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of C 60 /CNTs/g-C 3 N 4 in comparison with other counterparts.
    Keywords: nanotechnology, photochemistry
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 2
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    From two-dimensional graphene oxide to three-dimensional honeycomb-like Ni3S2@graphene oxide composite: insight into structure and electrocatalytic properties (2017)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2017-12-21
    Description: Three-dimensional (3D) graphene composites have drawn increasing attention in energy storage/conversion applications due to their unique structures and properties. Herein, we synthesized 3D honeycomb-like Ni 3 S 2 @graphene oxide composite (3D honeycomb-like Ni 3 S 2 @GO) by a one-pot hydrothermal method. We found that positive charges of Ni 2+ and negative charges of NO 3 – in Ni(NO 3 ) 2 induced a transformation of graphene oxide with smooth surface into graphene oxide with wrinkled surface (w-GO). The w-GO in the mixing solution of Ni(NO 3 ) 2 /thioacetamide/H 2 O evolved into 3D honeycomb-like Ni 3 S 2 @GO in solvothermal process. The GO effectively inhibited the aggregation of Ni 3 S 2 nanoparticles. Photoelectrochemical cells based on 3D Ni 3 S 2 @GO synthesized at 60 mM l –1 Ni(NO 3 ) 2 exhibited the best energy conversion efficiency. 3D Ni 3 S 2 @GO had smaller charge transfer resistance and larger exchange current density than pure Ni 3 S 2 for iodine reduction reaction. The cyclic stability of 3D honeycomb-like Ni 3 S 2 @GO was good in the iodine electrolyte. Results are of great interest for fundamental research and practical applications of 3D GO and its composites in solar water-splitting, artificial photoelectrochemical cells, electrocatalysts and Li-S or Na-S batteries.
    Keywords: materials science
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 3
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    Rapid degradation of malachite green by CoFe2O4-SiC foam under microwave radiation (2018)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-28
    Description: This study demonstrated rapid degradation of malachite green (MG) by a microwave (MW)-induced enhanced catalytic process with CoFe 2 O 4 –SiC foam. The catalyst was synthesized from CoFe 2 O 4 particles and SiC foam by the hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to confirm that CoFe 2 O 4 particles were settled on the surface of SiC foam. In this experiment, a novel fixed-bed reactor was set up with this catalyst for a continuous flow process in a MW oven. The different parameters that affect the MW-induced degradation rate of MG were explored. The MW irradiation leads to the effective catalytic degradation of MG, achieving 95.01% degradation within 5 min at pH 8.5. At the same time, the good stability and applicability of CoFe 2 O 4 –SiC foam for the degradation process were also discussed, as well as the underlying mechanism. In brief, these findings make the CoFe 2 O 4 –SiC foam an excellent catalyst that could be used in practical rapid degradation of MG.
    Keywords: environmental chemistry, environmental engineering, environmental science
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 4
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    Removal of Cr6+ ions from water by electrosorption on modified activated carbon fibre felt (2018)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-27
    Description: Electrosorption is a novel desalination technique that has many advantages in the treatment of sewage. However, commercially available activated carbon electrodes for electrosorption commonly have low microporosity, poor moulding performance, and low adsorption and regeneration efficiency. Here, we evaluated a novel adsorbent material, activated carbon fibre felt (ACFF), for electrosorption of chromium ions (Cr 6+ ) in sewage treatment. The ACFF was modified with 20% nitric acid and its modified structure was characterized. The modified ACFF was used as an adsorbing electrode to investigate its desalination effect by electrosorption. Results showed that compared with those of unmodified ACFF, the modified ACFF had more carbonyl and carboxyl groups and the specific surface area, average pore size and micropore volume of the modified ACFF also improved by 32.2%, 2.5% and 23.1%, respectively. The kinetics of Cr 6+ adsorption conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir model. In addition, the regeneration rate of the modified ACFF electrode was more than 94%. In conclusion, the modified ACFF exhibits excellent electrosorption and regeneration performance for Cr 6+ removal from water and thus is of great value for promotion in sewage treatment.
    Keywords: materials science, environmental science
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 5
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    Vertebral artery fusiform aneurysm geometry in predicting rupture risk (2018)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-01
    Description: Cerebral aneurysms affect a significant portion of the adult population worldwide. Despite significant progress, the development of robust techniques to evaluate the risk of aneurysm rupture remains a critical challenge. We hypothesize that vertebral artery fusiform aneurysm (VAFA) morphology may be predictive of rupture risk and can serve as a deciding factor in clinical management. To investigate the VAFA morphology, we use a combination of image analysis and machine learning techniques to study a geometric feature set computed from a depository of 37 (12 ruptured and 25 un-ruptured) aneurysm images. Of the 571 unique features we compute, we distinguish five features for use by our machine learning classification algorithm by an analysis of statistical significance. These machine learning methods achieve state-of-the-art classification performance (81.43 ± 13.08%) for the VAFA morphology, and identify five features (cross-sectional area change of aneurysm, maximum diameter of nearby distal vessel, solidity of aneurysm, maximum curvature of nearby distal vessel, and ratio of curvature between aneurysm and its nearby proximal vessel) as effective predictors of VAFA rupture risk. These results suggest that the geometric features of VAFA morphology may serve as useful non-invasive indicators for the prediction of aneurysm rupture risk in surgical settings.
    Keywords: medical computing, biomathematics, biomedical engineering
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 6
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    Optimization and kinetic study of methyl laurate synthesis using ionic liquid [Hnmp]HSO4 as a catalyst (2018)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-13
    Description: Methyl laurate was synthesized from lauric acid (LA) and methanol via an esterification reaction using ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts. The efficiencies of three different catalysts, 1-methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO 4 ), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnmp]HSO 4 ) and H 2 SO 4 , were compared. The effect of the methanol/LA molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst dosage on the esterification rate of LA was investigated by single-factor experiments. Based on the single-factor experiments, the esterification of LA and methanol was optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that the most effective catalyst was the IL [Hnmp]HSO 4 . The optimal conditions were as follows: [Hnmp]HSO 4 dosage of 5.23%, methanol/LA molar ratio of 7.68 : 1, reaction time of 2.27 h and reaction temperature of 70°C. Under these conditions, the LA conversion of the esterification reached 98.58%. A kinetic study indicated that the esterification was a second-order reaction with an activation energy and a frequency factor of 68.45 kJ mol –1 and 1.9189 x 10 9 min –1 , respectively. The catalytic activity of [Hnmp]HSO 4 remained high after five cycles.
    Keywords: energy, green chemistry
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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