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  • Public Library of Science  (152)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 1
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    Biochemical warfare on the reef : the role of glutathione transferases in consumer tolerance of dietary prostaglandins (2010)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2010 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS ONE 5 (2010): e8537, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008537.
    Description: Despite the profound variation among marine consumers in tolerance for allelochemically-rich foods, few studies have examined the biochemical adaptations underlying diet choice. Here we examine the role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the detoxification of dietary allelochemicals in the digestive gland of the predatory gastropod Cyphoma gibbosum, a generalist consumer of gorgonian corals. Controlled laboratory feeding experiments were used to investigate the influence of gorgonian diet on Cyphoma GST activity and isoform expression. Gorgonian extracts and semi-purified fractions were also screened to identify inhibitors and possible substrates of Cyphoma GSTs. In addition, we investigated the inhibitory properties of prostaglandins (PGs) structurally similar to antipredatory PGs found in high concentrations in the Caribbean gorgonian Plexaura homomalla. Cyphoma GST subunit composition was invariant and activity was constitutively high regardless of gorgonian diet. Bioassay-guided fractionation of gorgonian extracts revealed that moderately hydrophobic fractions from all eight gorgonian species examined contained putative GST substrates/inhibitors. LC-MS and NMR spectral analysis of the most inhibitory fraction from P. homomalla subsequently identified prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) as the dominant component. A similar screening of commercially available prostaglandins in series A, E, and F revealed that those prostaglandins most abundant in gorgonian tissues (e.g., PGA2) were also the most potent inhibitors. In vivo estimates of PGA2 concentration in digestive gland tissues calculated from snail grazing rates revealed that Cyphoma GSTs would be saturated with respect to PGA2 and operating at or near physiological capacity. The high, constitutive activity of Cyphoma GSTs is likely necessitated by the ubiquitous presence of GST substrates and/or inhibitors in this consumer's gorgonian diet. This generalist's GSTs may operate as ‘all-purpose’ detoxification enzymes, capable of conjugating or sequestering a broad range of lipophilic gorgonian compounds, thereby allowing this predator to exploit a range of chemically-defended prey, resulting in a competitive dietary advantage for this species.
    Description: Financial support for this work was provided by the Ocean Life Institute Tropical Research Initiative Grant (WHOI) to KEW and MEH; the Robert H. Cole Endowed Ocean Ventures Fund (WHOI) to KEW; the National Undersea Research Center - Program Development Proposal (CMRC-03PRMN0103A) to KEW; Walter A. and Hope Noyes Smith, and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to KEW.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple procedure for estimating virial coefficients from burnett PVT data (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1229-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340722
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-pore model: A simplified diffusion simulation (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1245-1248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370815
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatiotemporal temperature patterns during hydrogen oxidation on a nickel disk (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1497-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Spatiotemporal temperature patterns on a polycrystalline nickel disk were recorded using infrared video imaging during atmospheric hydrogen oxidation and characterized by the proper orthogonal decomposition pattern analysis technique. The system was studied at two different residence times, 3.2 s and 6.4 s. At moderate feed temperatures, steady-state multiplicity and rate oscillations were found. Oscillations at a residence time of 6.4 s were periodic and essentially spatially uniform. At a residence time of 3.2 s, however, the surface temperature became nonuniform, and rate oscillations occurred via traveling temperature waves which emanated from “pacemakers” (locally active regions) on the edge of the catalyst. During periodic oscillations, the waves were emitted synchronously from the pacemakers, while during chaotic oscillations, the pacemakers were desynchronized and emitted waves independently of each other. Nonlocal gas-phase coupling between distance surface elements caused spatial desynchronization during rate oscillations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390909
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid method for the determination of molecular weight distribution in high polymers: A thermal gradient-turbidity technique (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1503-1513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A rapid method for determining the molecular weight distribution of polymers has been the aim of polymer chemists for a long time. The method presented here requires less than two hours, including dissolution of the polymer. It is an extension of a photoelectric turbidimetric technique presented by Taylor and Tung in 1961. The equipment has been completely redesigned and presently consists of a copper block containing a turbidity cell, optical system and attendant electronic circuitry for measuring relative changes in turbidity of polymer solutions as a function of temperature. An X-Y recorder is used to plot turbidity versus temperature. A parameter determined from the plot is correlated with a measure of molecular weight distribution determined on known samples for each type polymer by another means. Based on this correlation unknown samples may be analyzed. The instrument is easy to operate and has shown excellent stability over a two year period. Polymers studied by this technique include ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR), polypropylene, polyethylene, and butyl, however, the only results to be reported here are those on ethylene-propylene copolymer.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090425
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated routine thermospray mass spectrometry in the analysis of potential drug compounds (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 1055-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A System to automate the analysis of routine mass spectrometry samples, using either a thermospray or particle-beam interface, has been developed. This has allowed unattended operation and has freed expert mass spectrometrists to address ‘real’ problems. The system also acts as a filter to the problem-solving service.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290071118
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triton X-100 as a reference compound for ammonia high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry and as a tuning and calibration compound for thermospray (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 1059-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100, 1-(1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl)-4-[poly(1,2-ethanediol)]benzene, has been evaluted as a reference material for positive-ion high-resolution ammonia chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry and as a tuning and calibration material for positive-ion thermospray mass spectrometry (TSP). When ammonia is used as the CI reagent gas, Triton-X-100 produces evenly spaced ions that 44 u apart. Triton X-100 cab be volatilized from a solids prove and is routinely used as the reference material for high-resolution measurements. A reference table has been constructed from the theoretical values for the different masses. Triton X-100-Reduced and Triton X-405-Reduced were also evaluated as additional reference com-pounds. As a calibration and tuning compound for TSP, Triton X-100 affords an envelope of ions centred around m/z 600-700 with ions observed above m/z 1000. Triton X-100-Reduced affords a similar envelope although the ions observed are 6 u higher in mass.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290071119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the squalestatins by on-line packed capillary liquid chromatography/dynamic liquid secondary-ion/mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 492-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mixture of four squalestatins was separated and characterized by gradient-packed capillary liquid chroma-tography combined with dynamic liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). Thioglycerol/glycerol matrix was added post-column. Negative-ion LSIMS was found to afford spectra typified by strong molecular ions with structurally informative fragments. The new method showed improvements in sensitivity and specificity for this class of compound when compared to existing thermospray methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070618
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the squalestatins by on-line packed capillary liquid chromatography combined with electrospray mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 953-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mixture of four squalestatins was separated anil characterized by gradient packed capillary liquid chromatography combined with electrospray collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (ESI/CID/MS). Negative-ion ESI was found to afford spectra typified by strong pseudo-molecular ions but providing little structural information. Structural information was obtained using an ion-focusing RF-only octapole lens to provide conditions for CID. The new method showed improvements in sensitivity when compared to existing thermospray and dynamic liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290071018
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilized human serum albumin: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as a method of determining drug-protein binding (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 261-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology is described that enables the simultaneous estimation of the individual protein-binding affinities of a mixture of compounds. This approach has proved to be robust and enables a series of molecules to be ranked according to their protein-binding affinities within 20 minutes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290090403
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