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  • Springer  (91)
  • Public Library of Science  (12)
  • American Society for Microbiology  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancyromonadida: A New Phylogenetic Lineage Among the Protozoa Closely Related to the Common Ancestor of Metazoans, Fungi, and Choanoflagellates (Opisthokonta) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 51 (2000), S. 278-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Protozoa — Flagellate —Ancyromonas—Apusomonas— Opisthokont — 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA — Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Molecular and morphological evidence points to the ancyromonad Ancyromonas as a plausible candidate for the closest relative to the common ancestor of metazoans, fungi, and choanoflagellates (the Opisthokonta). Using 18S rDNA sequences from most of the major eukaryotic lineages, maximum-likelihood, minimum-evolution, and maximum-parsimony analyses yielded congruent phylogenies supporting this hypothesis. Combined with ultrastructural similarities between Ancyromonas and opisthokonts, the evidence presented here suggests that Ancyromonas may form an independent lineage, the Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1997, closer in its relationship to the opisthokonts than is its nearest protist relatives, the Apusomonadida. However, the very low bootstrap support for deep nodes and hypothesis testing indicate that the resolving power of 18S rDNA sequences is limited for examining this aspect of eukaryotic phylogeny. Alternate branching positions for the Ancyromonas lineage cannot be robustly rejected, revealing the importance of ultrastructure when examining the origins of multicellularity. The future use of a multigene approach may additionally be needed to resolve this aspect of eukaryotic phylogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002390010089
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparent pharmacokinetics of PCB components in growing pigs and lambs when fed a ration containing aroclor 1254 (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 4 (1976), S. 226-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Young growing lambs and pigs were fed a ration containing 200 ppm of Aroclor 1254 for 35 days and then switched to “clean” feed. Blood and fat samples were collected periodically throughout the experiment and analyzed for components of Aroclor 1254 and total PCB. Several components are apparently accumulated and eliminated at different rates within each species, as seen by comparing gas chromatograph tracings, accumulation ratios and apparent rate constants of elimination. Differences in accumulation and elimination of Aroclor components, some of which were apparently caused by differences in growth rates, were also seen between pigs and lambs. Variable growth rates of different species of food producing animals are an important factor to consider when dealing with tissue distribution and residues of polychlorinated biphenyls for determination of carcass disposition, as well as accumulation of toxic concentrations in the animal body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221026
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue distribution of PCB components in swine and sheep fed three different rations containing Aroclors 1242 and 1254 (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 5 (1977), S. 257-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growing swine and sheep were fed three dietary variations containing 20 ppm of Aroclors 1242 or 1254 for 13 to 15 weeks. Generally, Aroclor 1254 residues were higher; higher 1242 residues in swine blood, spleen, and ovary are attributed to persistent major components of this Aroclor. Some minor differences in total PCB were observed with varying diets, but peak composition did not vary. Some lower chlorinated components maintained higher levels in the blood relative to other components; other components were selectively accumulated in tissues such as fat and muscle. Blood and fat residues in sheep declined during the last weeks of feeding. Microsomal oxidase levels were elevated in response to PCB and diet in both species, but the response was greater in sheep. Sheep liver microsomes were capable of metabolizing pure analogs and components of Aroclor 1242. Major differences in Aroclor profiles can be demonstrated between swine and sheep residues and total residues can be estimated by measuring selected peaks in blood and backfat. The peaks which provide the most reliable estimate of total PCB residue vary with species and Aroclor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220909
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of Thiomicrospira species and their identification in deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThiomicrospira ; Hydrothermal vent ; microbial communities ; Ribosomal RNA ; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Microbial diversity ; Colorless sulfur bacteria ; 16S rDNA ; Phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments was used to explore the genetic diversity of hydrothermal vent microbial communities, specifically to determine the importance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria therein. DGGE analysis of two different hydrothermal vent samples revealed one PCR band for one sample and three PCR bands for the other sample, which probably correspond to the dominant bacterial populations in these communities. Three of the four 16S rDNA fragments were sequenced. By comparison with 16S rRNA sequences of the Ribosomal Database Project, two of the DGGE-separated fragments were assigned to the genus Thiomicrospira. To identify these ’phylotypes' in more detail, a phylogenetic framework was created by determining the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence (approx. 1500 nucleotides) from three described Thiomicrospira species, viz., Tms. crunogena, Tms. pelophila, Tms. denitrificans, and from a new isolate, Thiomicrospira sp. strain MA2-6. All Thiomicrospira species except Tms. denitrificans formed a monophyletic group within the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Tms. denitrificans was assigned as a member of the epsilon subdivision and was distantly affiliated with Thiovulum, another sulfur-oxidizing bacterium. Sequences of two dominant 16S rDNA fragments obtained by DGGE analysis fell into the gamma subdivision Thiomicrospira. The sequence of one fragment was in all comparable positions identical to the 16S rRNA sequence of Tms. crunogena. Identifying a dominant molecular isolate as Tms. crunogena indicates that this species is a dominant community member of hydrothermal vent sites. Another ’phylotype' represented a new Thiomicrospira species, phylogenetically in an intermediate position between Tms. crunogena and Tms. pelophila. The third ’phylotype' was identified as a Desulfovibrio, indicating that sulfate-reducing bacteria, as sources of sulfide, may complement sulfur- and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria ecologically in these sulfide-producing hydrothermal vents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050250
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology, phylogenetic relationships, and ecology of filamentous sulfate-reducing bacteria (genus Desulfonema) (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Gliding bacteria ; Desulfonema ; Isolation ; Oligonucleotide probing ; Sediments ; Microbial mats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microscopy of organic-rich, sulfidic sediment samples of marine and freshwater origin revealed filamentous, multicellular microorganisms with gliding motility. Many of these neither contained sulfur droplets such as the Beggiatoa species nor exhibited the autofluorescence of the chlorophyll-containing cyanobacteria. A frequently observed morphological type of filamentous microorganism was enriched under anoxic conditions in the dark with isobutyrate plus sulfate. Two strains of filamentous, gliding sulfate-reducing bacteria, Tokyo 01 and Jade 02, were isolated in pure cultures. Both isolates oxidized acetate and other aliphatic acids. Enzyme assays indicated that the terminal oxidation occurs via the anaerobic C1 pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway). The 16S rRNA genes of the new isolates and of the two formerly described filamentous species of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfonema limicola and Desulfonema magnum, were analyzed. All four strains were closely related to each other and affiliated with the δ-subclass of Proteobacteria. Another close relative was the unicellular Desulfococcus multivorans. Based on phylogenetic relationships and physiological properties, Strains Tokyo 01 and Jade 02 are assigned to a new species, Desulfonema ishimotoi. A new, fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe targeted against 16S rRNA was designed so that that it hybridized specifically with whole cells of Desulfonema species. Filamentous bacteria that hybridized with the same probe were detected in sediment samples and in association with the filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioploca in its natural habitat. We conclude that Desulfonema species constitute an ecologically significant fraction of the sulfate-reducing bacteria in organic-rich sediments and microbial mats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050760
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AFM and STM investigations of hydrogenated amorphous silicon: topography and barrier heights (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 338-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract As-grown films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si : H, highly phosphorous-doped) were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Hills up to 10 nm in height and 10 to 20 nm in diameter have been observed by AFM. By using STM in a new high-sensitivity mode, (1) atomically smooth areas (roughness about 0.3 Å rms) which occur at the top of the hills, (2) subnanometer structures several Å in height which cover large parts of the surface have been identified. Simultaneous measurements of the local apparent barrier heights (LABH) show a clear correlation to the topography. Areas showing subnanometer structures have always low LABHs while the highest values of the LABH occur on the smooth areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050423
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desulforhopalus vacuolatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new moderately psychrophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium with gas vacuoles isolated from a temperate estuary (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 160-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Anaerobic sulfate reduction ; Incomplete ; propionate oxidation ; Marine environment ; Low ; temperature ; Psychrophilic bacteria ; Growth yields ; Desulforhopalus vacuolatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new type of gas-vacuolated, sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated at 10° C from reduced mud (E0 〈 0) obtained from a temperate estuary with thiosulfate and lactate as substrates. The strain was moderately psychrophilic with optimum growth at 18–19° C and a maximum growth temperature of 24° C. Propionate, lactate, and alcohols served as electron donors and carbon sources. The organism grew heterotrophically only with hydrogen as electron donor. Propionate and lactate were incompletely oxidized to acetate; traces of lactate were fermented to propionate, CO2, and possibly acetate in the presence of sulfate. Pyruvate was utilized both with and without an electron acceptor present. The strain did not contain desulfoviridin. The G+C content was 48.4 mol%. The differences in the 16S rRNA sequence of the isolate compared with that of its closest phylogenetic neighbors, bacteria of the genus Desulfobulbus, support the assignment of the isolate to a new genus. The isolate is described as the type strain of the new species and genus, Desulforhopalus vacuolatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050371
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sulfate-reducing bacterium from the oxic layer of a microbial mat from Solar Lake (Sinai), Desulfovibrio oxyclinae sp. nov. (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 167 (1997), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Desulfovibrio ; 16S rRNA ; Cyanobacterial mat ; Aerobic respiration ; Oxygen-indifferent sulfate ; reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an investigation on the oxygen tolerance of sulfate-reducing bacteria, a strain was isolated from a 107-fold dilution of the upper 3-mm layer of a hypersaline cyanobacterial mat (transferred from Solar Lake, Sinai). The isolate, designated P1B, appeared to be well-adapted to the varying concentrations of oxygen and sulfide that occur in this environment. In the presence of oxygen strain P1B respired aerobically with the highest rates [260 nmol O2 min–1 (mg protein)–1] found so far among marine sulfate-reducing bacteria. Besides H2 and lactate, even sulfide or sulfite could be oxidized with oxygen. The sulfur compounds were completely oxidized to sulfate. Under anoxic conditions, it grew with sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor using H2, lactate, pyruvate, ethanol, propanol, or butanol as the electron donor. Furthermore, in the absence of electron donors the isolate grew by disproportionation of sulfite or thiosulfate to sulfate and sulfide. The highest respiration rates with oxygen were obtained with H2 at low oxygen concentrations. Aerobic growth of homogeneous suspensions was not obtained. Additions of 1% oxygen to the gas phase of a continuous culture resulted in the formation of cell clumps wherein the cells remained viable for at least 200 h. It is concluded that strain P1B is oxygen-tolerant but does not carry out sulfate reduction in the presence of oxygen under the conditions tested. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence indicated that strain P1B belongs to the genus Desulfovibrio, with Desulfovibrio halophilus as its closest relative. Based on physiological properties strain P1B could not be assigned to this species. Therefore, a new species, Desulfovibrio oxyclinae, is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationary soliton on a charged surface of liquid helium and hydrogen films (1997)
    Springer
    JETP letters 65 (1997), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 67.70.+n ; 67.55.Hc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A change in the shape of a charged surface of liquid hydrogen and helium — the formation of a solitary wave (a positively charged hump for hydrogen and a negatively charged dimple for helium)-is observed in an electric field exceeding a critical value under conditions of total compensation of the applied field by the surface charge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.567456
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Tl-1223 Bulk Samples on Large Scale (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 11 (1998), S. 27-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Tl-1223 ; bulk material ; quasi open system ; scaleable process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of the TI-1223-HTS-ceramics is described. Our method uses a vertically mounted electrical furnace and flowing gas atmosphere instead of closed containers. It is possible to produce sufficient amounts of Tl-1223 material for practical applications such as tapes or current leads. The obtained bulk material (about 100 g / batch) is investigated by the usual physical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022609224151
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