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  • 1
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    Identifying disruptions to the ecological balance of nature: a foraminiferal example across the initiation of the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (2019)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Paleontological Society
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  • 2
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    On richness and evenness within and between communities (2005)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Ecological and evolutionary consequences of benthic community stasis in the very deep sea (〉1500 m) (2014)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-01
    Description: An enigma of deep-sea biodiversity research is that the abyss with its low productivity and densities appears to have a biodiversity similar to that of shallower depths. This conceptualization of similarity is based mainly on per-sample estimates (point diversity, within-habitat, or α-diversity). Here, we use a measure of between-sample within-community diversity (β1H) to examine benthic foraminiferal diversity between 333 stations within 49 communties from New Zealand, the South Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, the Norwegian Sea, and the Arctic. The communities are grouped into two depth categories: 200–1500 m and 〉1500 m. β1Hdiversity exhibits no evidence of regional differences. Instead, higher values at shallower depths are observed worldwide. At depths of 〉1500 m the average β1His zero, indicating stasis or no biodiversity gradient. The difference in β1H-diversity explains why, despite species richness often being greater per sample at deeper depths, the total number of species is greater at shallower depths. The greater number of communities and higher rate of evolution resulting in shorter species durations at shallower depths is also consistent with higher β1Hvalues.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
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    Geometric consequences of branching growth in adeoniform Bryozoa (1983)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: Many cheilostome bryozoans of diverse phylogenetic origin grow as erect, arborescent colonies with branches of modified planar form composed of two layers of zooids back to back. Regular branching enables a growing colony to expand in surface area, and hence in the number of zooids that feed, reproduce, and perform other vital functions, at an accelerating rate. During growth, branches first all diverge, then increasingly converge, and in late stages of growth begin to interfere with each other's growth and function. Interference can set limits to the width and thickness of branches and hence to the number and size of zooids.Simulation of growth using a 3–dimensional mathematical model shows that a narrow range of possible values of branching angles minimizes branch interference in late growth stages. These values are prevalent in fossil and modern species. Branch spacing at later growth stages is correlated with the distance between branches at first crossing, providing room for feeding organs of the two facing layers of zooids to protrude and function. Interbranch distances dwindle as branches increasingly converge, so emphasis on minimizing interference at a late stage sets a practical limit to growth beyond that stage. To gain this long-term benefit requires adhering to a regular pattern throughout growth. The considerable variation in branching properties in fossil and modern species, and a variability in spacing inherent in the growth pattern itself, limit the amount of usable interbranch space. Despite a higher intraspecific variability, branching properties are as distinctive interspecifically as zooidal properties, and variability is randomly distributed through the colony. A small reduction in variability between fossil and modern species suggests that increasing regularity may provide a selective advantage in the utilization of interbranch space.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Growth models in fossil arborescent cheilostome bryozoans (1981)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Description: Cheilostome bryozoans that grew as rigidly erect arborescent colonies dominate many bryozoan-rich assemblages of Tertiary age, in which they are found most commonly as small dissociated fragments. The regularity with which branching and branch thickening occur in intact colonies of living species provides a basis for quantitative reconstruction of these growth processes in fossils. We propose models to describe branch thickening, develop methods to extend both thickening and branching models to fossils, investigate the thickening and branching properties of four Paleocene and five Oligocene species and compare the properties of these fossils to those of nine living species.The properties investigated are largely mutually independent and species specific irrespective of geologic age and have similar numerical ranges among different assemblages of coeval species. Species are evenly distributed across the range of possible morphologies between observed extremes, without obvious gaps. Statistically significant trends through time are identified in gradients of branch thickening, which have implications for the resistance of colonies to mechanical stress, and in angles of bifurcation, that are important in the way growing colonies occupy space.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Market Standards for Money (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 6 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The power of governments to debauch currencies for political ends has long been condemned by market economists. Monetarists have argued that the government should restrain its production of money; Professor Hayek contended in 1976 that monetary continence would succumb to political pressures and argued for national currencies to be replaced by competing private monies. Here he refines this thinking and suggests that a private ‘store of value’—the standard—would be more likely to overcome the political obstruction to the wholesale denationalisation of currencies, but would be immune from use as a political tool by the state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1986.tb01752.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Pages of Fiction (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 2 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Are the communist economies strong or weak? Russia bristles with arms and uses strong language. But is the socialist economy flawed at the center? Professor Hayek here argues, against the Polish economist Oskar Lange (Polish Ambassador to the USA, 1945–6, subsequently Chairman of Poland's State Economic Council), that without markets the efficient use of scarce resorces is not feasible. Is this why the Polish economy is now in turmoil?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1982.tb01416.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Vitamins E and B6 on Immune Response (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 669 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb17094.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN MANATEES (SIRENIA: TRICHECHUS) (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The three living species of Trichechus are clearly defined and well exemplify the degree of variability and taxonomic value of morphological characters in a well-understood mammalian genus. Statistical analysis of the largest sample of manatee skulls yet studied has allowed us to identify small suites of characters that effectively distinguish these species. The two subspecies of T. manatus proposed by Hatt (1934) can likewise be distinguished, and their use as taxonomic categories seems justified. This suggests that the cool winters of the northern Gulf Coast, on the one hand, and the deep water and strong currents of the Straits of Florida, on the other, are effective barriers to gene flow between Florida and Antillean manatees. Alleged taxonomic distinctions within T. senegalensis, however, have no demonstrated basis. No significant sexual dimorphism was detected in skulls of any of the species. Many interspecific differences can be correlated with feeding ecology, but others remain unexplained. Features of tooth crown morphology are among the most constant characters examined, but some osteological characters are equally good. T. manatas and T. senegalensis (which are phenetically the most similar) also seem to share a more recent common ancestor than either does with T. inunguis. However, the three species probably separated from each other at nearly the same time. T. inunguis has since become the most derived species, while T. senegalensis has changed the least.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00034.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trade Unions — The Biggest Obstacle (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 1 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1980.tb00880.x
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