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  • 1
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    Direct and indirect effects of near-future pCO2 levels on zooplankton dynamics (2016)
    CSIRO
    In:  Marine and Freshwater Research, 68 (2). pp. 373-380.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-06
    Description: Ocean acidification has direct physiological effects on organisms, for example by dissolving the calcium carbonate structures of calcifying species. However, non-calcifiers may also be affected by changes in seawater chemistry. To disentangle the direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification on zooplankton growth, we undertook a study with two model organisms. Specifically, we investigated the individual effects of short-term exposure to high and low seawater pCO2, and different phytoplankton qualities as a result of different CO2 incubations on the growth of a heterotrophic dinoflagellate (Oxyrrhis marina) and a copepod species (Acartia tonsa). It was observed previously that higher CO2 concentrations can decrease phytoplankton food quality in terms of carbon : nutrient ratios. We therefore expected both seawater pCO2 (pH) and phytoplankton quality to result in decreased zooplankton growth. Although we expected lowest growth rates for all zooplankton under high seawater pCO2 and low algal quality, we found that direct pH effects on consumers seem to be of lesser importance than the associated decrease in algal quality. The decrease in the quality of primary producers under high pCO2 conditions negatively affected zooplankton growth, which may lead to lower availability of food for the next trophic level and thus potentially affect the recruitment of higher trophic levels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    You are not always what you eat—Fatty acid bioconversion and lipid homeostasis in the larvae of the sand mason worm Lanice conchilega (2019)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 14(6), pp. e0218015, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-23
    Description: The meroplanktonic larvae of benthic organisms are an important seasonal component of the zooplankton in temperate coastal waters. The larvae of the reef-building polychaete Lanice conchilega contribute up to 15% of the summer zooplankton biomass in the North Sea. Despite their importance for reef maintenance (which positively affects the benthic community), little is known about the trophic ecology of this meroplanktonic larva. Qualitative and quantitative estimates of carbon (C) transfer between trophic levels and of fatty acid (FA)—specific assimilation, biosynthesis, and bioconversion can be obtained by compound- specific stable isotope analysis of FA. The present work tested the hypothesis that the concept of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM), widely used for studies on holoplankton with intermediate to high lipid contents, is also applicable to lipid-poor organisms such as meroplanktonic larvae. The incorporation of isotopically-enriched dietary C by L. conchilega larvae was traced, and lipid assimilation did not follow FA-specific relative availabilities in the diet. Furthermore, FAs that were unavailable in the diet, such as 22:5(n-3), were recorded in L. conchilega, suggesting their bioconversion by the larvae. The results indicate that L. conchilega larvae preferentially assimilate certain FAs and regulate their FA composition (lipid homeostasis) independently of that of their diet. Their quasi-homeostatic response to dietary FA availability could imply that the concept of FATM has limited application in lipid-poor organisms such as L. conchilega larvae.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study (2016)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-03
    Description: Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of 〈8 µm. Overall, the results from the present study covering the most important part of the growing season indicate that coastal microzooplankton communities are rather robust towards realistic acidification scenarios.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Food Quality Affects Secondary Consumers Even at Low Quantities: An Experimental Test with Larval European Lobster (2012)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The issues of food quality and food quantity are crucial for trophic interactions. Although most research has focussed on the primary producer – herbivore link, recent studies have shown that quality effects at the bottom of the food web propagate to higher trophic levels. Negative effects of poor food quality have almost exclusively been demonstrated at higher food quantities. Whether these negative effects have the same impact at low food availability in situations where the majority if not all of the resources are channelled into routine metabolism, is under debate. In this study a tri-trophic food chain was designed, consisting of the algae Rhodomonas salina, the copepod Acartia tonsa and freshly hatched larvae of the European lobster Homarus gammarus. The lobster larvae were presented with food of two different qualities (C:P ratios) and four different quantities to investigate the combined effects of food quality and quantity. Our results show that the quality of food has an impact on the condition of lobster larvae even at very low food quantities. Food with a lower C:P content resulted in higher condition of the lobster larvae regardless of the quantity of food. These interacting effects of food quality and food quantity can have far reaching consequences for ecosystem productivity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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