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  • PANGAEA  (1,730)
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  • 1
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    High-resolution IP25 of three sediment cores in the western North Pacific and Bering Sea (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Méheust, Marie; Stein, Ruediger; Fahl, Kirsten; Max, Lars; Riethdorf, Jan-Rainer (2015): High-resolution IP25-based reconstruction of sea-ice variability in the western North Pacific and Bering Sea during the past 18,000 years. Geo-Marine Letters, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-015-0432-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Due to its strong influence on heat and moisture exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, sea ice is an essential component of the global climate system. In the context of its alarming decrease in terms of concentration, thickness and duration, understanding the processes controlling sea-ice variability and reconstructing paleo-sea-ice extent in polar regions have become of great interest for the scientific community. In this study, for the first time, IP25, a recently developed biomarker sea-ice proxy, was used for a high-resolution reconstruction of the sea-ice extent and its variability in the western North Pacific and western Bering Sea during the past 18,000 years. To identify mechanisms controlling the sea-ice variability, IP25 data were associated with published sea-surface temperature as well as diatom and biogenic opal data. The results indicate that a seasonal sea-ice cover existed during cold periods (Heinrich Stadial 1 and Younger Dryas), whereas during warmer intervals (Bølling-Allerød and Holocene) reduced sea ice or ice-free conditions prevailed in the study area. The variability in sea-ice extent seems to be linked to climate anomalies and sea-level changes controlling the oceanographic circulation between the subarctic Pacific and the Bering Sea, especially the Alaskan Stream injection though the Aleutian passes.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 2
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    Biomarker data of four sediment cores from the Arctic Ocean (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stein, Ruediger; Fahl, Kirsten; Gierz, Paul; Niessen, Frank; Lohmann, Gerrit (2017): Arctic Ocean sea ice cover during the penultimate glacial and the last interglacial. Nature Communications, 8(1), 13 pp, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00552-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Coinciding with global warming, Arctic sea ice has rapidly decreased during the last four decades and climate scenarios suggest that sea ice may completely disappear during summer within the next about 50-100 years. Here we produce Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy records for the penultimate glacial (Marine Isotope Stage 6) and the subsequent last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e). The latter is a time interval when the high latitudes were significantly warmer than today. We document that even under such warmer climate conditions, sea ice existed in the central Arctic Ocean during summer, whereas sea ice was significantly reduced along the Barents Sea continental margin influenced by Atlantic Water inflow. Our proxy reconstruction of the last interglacial sea ice cover is supported by climate simulations, although some proxy data/model inconsistencies still exist. During late Marine Isotope Stage 6, polynya-type conditions occurred off the major ice sheets along the northern Barents and East Siberian continental margins, contradicting a giant Marine Isotope Stage 6 ice shelf that covered the entire Arctic Ocean.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 3
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    Organic-geochemical bulk parameter and biomarker distribution of sediment core PS92/039-2 (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kremer, Anne; Stein, Ruediger; Fahl, Kirsten; Ji, Z; Yang, Z; Wiers, Steffen; Matthiessen, Jens; Forwick, Matthias; Löwemark, Ludvig; O'Regan, Matthew; Chen, Jiaming; Snowball, Ian (2018): Changes in sea ice cover and ice sheet extent at the Yermak Plateau during the last 160 ka - Reconstructions from biomarker records. Quaternary Science Reviews, 182, 93-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.12.016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: The Yermak Plateau is located north of Svalbard at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, i.e. in an area highly sensitive to climate change. A multi proxy approach was carried out on Core PS92/039-2 to study glacial-interglacial environmental changes at the northern Barents Sea margin during the last 160 ka. The main emphasis was on the reconstruction of sea ice cover, based on the sea ice proxy IP25 and the related phytoplankton - sea ice index PIP25. Sea ice was present most of the time but showed significant temporal variability decisively affected by movements of the Svalbard Barents Sea Ice Sheet. For the first time, we prove the occurrence of seasonal sea ice at the eastern Yermak Plateau during glacial intervals, probably steered by a major northward advance of the ice sheet and the formation of a coastal polynya in front of it. Maximum accumulation of terrigenous organic carbon, IP25 and the phytoplankton biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol, HBI III) can be correlated to distinct deglaciation events. More severe, but variable sea ice cover prevailed at the Yermak Plateau during interglacials. The general proximity to the sea ice margin is further indicated by biomarker (GDGT) - based sea surface temperatures below 2.5 °C.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/1, TRANSSIZ; AWI_Paleo; KAL; Kasten corer; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; PS92; PS92/039-2
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 4
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    Geochemical biomarker analyses on sediment cores MSM05/03_343310-5-1 and MSM05/03_343310-2-2 from Disko Bugt, West Greenland (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Past sea ice conditions and open water phytoplankton production were reconstructed from a sediment core taken in Disko Bugt, West Greenland, using the sea ice biomarker IP~25~ and other specific phytoplankton biomarker (i.e., brassicasterol, dinosterol, HBI III) records. Our biomarker record indicates that Disko Bugt experienced a gradual expansion of seasonal sea ice during the last 2.2 kyr. Maximum sea ice extent was reached during the Little Ice Age around 0.2 kyr BP. Superimposed on this longer term trend, we find short-term oscillations in open water primary production and terrigenous input, which may be related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and solar activity changes as potential climatic trigger mechanisms. A direct sample-to-sample multiproxy comparison of our new biomarker record with microfossil (i.e., benthic foraminifera, dinocysts, and diatoms) and other geochemical records (i.e., alkenone biomarkers) indicates that different proxies are influenced by the complex environmental system with pronounced seasonal changes and strong oceanographic gradients, e.g., freshwater inflow from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Differences in sea ice reconstructions may indicate that the IP~25~ record reflects only the relatively short sea ice season (spring), whereas other microfossil reconstructions may reflect a longer (spring–autumn) interval.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 5
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    Biomarker content and total organic carbon of sediment cores from the Kara Sea shelf (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hörner, Tanja; Stein, Ruediger; Fahl, Kirsten (2018): Paleo-sea ice distribution and polynya variability on the Kara sea shelf during the last 12 ka. arktos - The Journal of Arctic Geosciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-018-0040-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: The Kara Sea is an important area for paleo-climatic research since sea ice and brine formation take place on its shelf-two processes inducing supra-regional climatic implications and thereby connecting regional environmental variability with global climatic conditions. To gain information about past sea ice coverage and variations, three sediment cores distributed in the southern and central parts of the marginal Sea were investigated. By applying the sea ice biomarker IP25 and the PIP25 index [phytoplankton biomarker (dinosterol)-IP25 index] post-glacial sea ice variability could be detected in the central Kara Sea (Core BP00-36/4), with most intense sea ice cover between 12.4 and 11.8 ka coinciding with the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.6 ka), and reduced sea ice cover between 10 and 8 ka during the Holocene Thermal Maximum. During the last ~7 ka, increasing sea ice indicators might indicate a Holocene cooling trend, probably induced by declining summer insolation. Furthermore, temporal changes in the fast ice?polynya distribution in the southern Kara Sea were detected: expanding fast ice during the late Holocene and a cyclic short-term Holocene climate variability documented by abrupt changes in the sea ice coverage at the BP00-07/7 core site. Core BP99-04/7 from the Yenisei estuary recorded consistently seasonal sea ice cover since ~9.3 ka, apart from five short phases of fast ice expansion to the core site. The strong influence of river run-off as well as estuary processes might prevent the detection of (short-term) climatic signals at this study site.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 6
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    Physical oceanography at CTD station BP00-21 (2003)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: Akademik Boris Petrov; AWI_Paleo; BP00; BP00-21; Conductivity; DEPTH, water; Kara Sea; MULT; Multiple investigations; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Quaternary Environment of the Eurasian North; QUEEN; Salinity; Siberian River Run-Off; SIRRO; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 750 data points
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  • 7
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    Macerals in sediment core IKU-6814/04-U-02 (2004)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: Amorphics; AWI_Paleo; Bituminite; Cutinite; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dinoflagellate cyst; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Fluorescent microscope; Fusinite; IKU-6814/04-U-02; Inertodetrinite; Lamalginite; Liptodetrinite; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Resinite; Semifusinite; Sporinite; Telalginite; Telovitrinite; Vitrodetrinite
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 280 data points
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  • 8
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    Rock eval pyrolysis (high resolution) of sediment core IKU-6307/07-U-02 (2004)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Hydrocarbon yield, S1 per unit sediment mass; Hydrocarbon yield, S2 per unit sediment mass; IKU-6307/07-U-02; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Pyrolysis temperature maximum; Rock eval pyrolysis (Behar et al., 2001)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 321 data points
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  • 9
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    Stable isotopes of sediment core IKU-6307/07-U-02 (2004)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; IKU-6307/07-U-02; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometer Finnigan Delta-S; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; δ13C, carbonate; δ13C, organic carbon; δ18O, carbonate; δ18O, organic matter
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 196 data points
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  • 10
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    Total organic carbon in surface sediments (2004)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: 4380-3; 4382-4; 4386-7; 4388-3; 4391-2; 4399-1; 4403-1; 4411-1; 4413-1; 4414-1; 4416-1; 4417-2; 4418-1; BC; Box corer; Carbon, organic, total; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DM49; Dmitry Mendeleev; Element analyser CHN, LECO; Elevation of event; Event label; Jenissei; KAL_R; Kasten corer RUS; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Men4380-3; Men4382-4; Men4386-7; Men4388-3; Men4391-2; Men4399-1; Men4403-1; Men4409-1; Men4410-1; Men4411-1; Men4413-1; Men4414-1; Men4416-1; Men4417-2; Men4418-1; Ob; Siberian River Run-Off; SIRRO; SPASIBAIII; van Veen Grab; VGRAB
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15 data points
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