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  • PANGAEA  (2,549)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society
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  • 1
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    Revisiting the relationship among metrics of tropical expansion (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 7565-7581, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0108.1.
    Description: There is mounting evidence that the width of the tropics has increased over the last few decades, but there are large differences in reported expansion rates. This is, likely, in part due to the wide variety of metrics that have been used to define the tropical width. Here we perform a systematic investigation into the relationship among nine metrics of the zonal-mean tropical width using preindustrial control and abrupt quadrupling of CO2 simulations from a suite of coupled climate models. It is shown that the latitudes of the edge of the Hadley cell, the midlatitude eddy-driven jet, the edge of the subtropical dry zones, and the Southern Hemisphere subtropical high covary interannually and exhibit similar long-term responses to a quadrupling of CO2. However, metrics based on the outgoing longwave radiation, the position of the subtropical jet, the break in the tropopause, and the Northern Hemisphere subtropical high have very weak covariations with the above metrics and/or respond differently to increases in CO2 and thus are not good indicators of the expansion of the Hadley cell or subtropical dry zone. The differing variability and responses to increases in CO2 among metrics highlights that care is needed when choosing metrics for studies of the width of the tropics and that it is important to make sure the metric used is appropriate for the specific phenomena and impacts being examined.
    Description: DW acknowledges support from NSF AGS-1403676.
    Description: 2019-02-08
    Keywords: Hadley circulation ; Hydrologic cycle ; Meridional overturning circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Tropical widening from global variations to regional impacts (2021)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101(6), (2020): E897-E904, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0047.1.
    Description: Over the past 15 years, numerous studies have suggested that the sinking branches of Earth’s Hadley circulation and the associated subtropical dry zones have shifted poleward over the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century. Early estimates of this tropical widening from satellite observations and reanalyses varied from 0.25° to 3° latitude per decade, while estimates from global climate models show widening at the lower end of the observed range. In 2016, two working groups, the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) working group on the Changing Width of the Tropical Belt and the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Tropical Width Diagnostics Intercomparison Project, were formed to synthesize current understanding of the magnitude, causes, and impacts of the recent tropical widening evident in observations. These working groups concluded that the large rates of observed tropical widening noted by earlier studies resulted from their use of metrics that poorly capture changes in the Hadley circulation, or from the use of reanalyses that contained spurious trends. Accounting for these issues reduces the range of observed expansion rates to 0.25°–0.5° latitude decade‒1—within the range from model simulations. Models indicate that most of the recent Northern Hemisphere tropical widening is consistent with natural variability, whereas increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone likely played an important role in Southern Hemisphere widening. Whatever the cause or rate of expansion, understanding the regional impacts of tropical widening requires additional work, as different forcings can produce different regional patterns of widening.
    Description: We thank U.S. CLIVAR and ISSI for funding the two working groups. We thank all members of the working groups for helpful discussions, and the U.S. CLIVAR and ISSI offices and their sponsoring agencies (NASA, NOAA, NSF, DOE, ESA, Swiss Confederation, Swiss Academy of Sciences, and University of Bern) for supporting these groups and activities.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Revisiting the Relationship among Metrics of Tropical Expansion (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0442
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 4
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    Tropical Widening: From Global Variations to Regional Impacts (2020)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-01
    Description: Over the past 15 years, numerous studies have suggested that the sinking branches of Earth’s Hadley circulation and the associated subtropical dry zones have shifted poleward over the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century. Early estimates of this tropical widening from satellite observations and reanalyses varied from 0.25° to 3° latitude per decade, while estimates from global climate models show widening at the lower end of the observed range. In 2016, two working groups, the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) working group on the Changing Width of the Tropical Belt and the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Tropical Width Diagnostics Intercomparison Project, were formed to synthesize current understanding of the magnitude, causes, and impacts of the recent tropical widening evident in observations. These working groups concluded that the large rates of observed tropical widening noted by earlier studies resulted from their use of metrics that poorly capture changes in the Hadley circulation, or from the use of reanalyses that contained spurious trends. Accounting for these issues reduces the range of observed expansion rates to 0.25°–0.5° latitude decade‒1—within the range from model simulations. Models indicate that most of the recent Northern Hemisphere tropical widening is consistent with natural variability, whereas increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone likely played an important role in Southern Hemisphere widening. Whatever the cause or rate of expansion, understanding the regional impacts of tropical widening requires additional work, as different forcings can produce different regional patterns of widening.
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 5
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    Causes and Impacts of Tropical Widening (2020)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 6
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    800 years of carbonate ion concentration and area-density of Globigerinoides ruber from the Cariaco Basin (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Davis, Ashley N; Davis, Catherine V; Thunell, Robert C; Osborne, Emily B; Black, David E; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R (2019): Reconstructing 800 Years of Carbonate Ion Concentration in the Cariaco Basin Using the Area Density of Planktonic Foraminifera Shells. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34(12), 2129-2140, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003698
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Record of Cariaco Basin near-surface [CO₃²⁻] from 1240-2007 C.E. derived from the area-density (shell weight (μg)/shell area (μm²)) of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (pink). Area-density is used as a proxy for [CO₃²⁻] following the relationship presented in Marshall et al. (2013), using the two cores PL07-71-BC and CAR25-1
    Keywords: Age; Area in square milimeter; CAR25-1; Carbonate ion; CDRILL; Core drilling; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; Event label; Globigerinoides ruber pink; Globigerinoides ruber pink, density, standard deviation; Globigerinoides ruber pink, density per area; Globigerinoides ruber pink, weight; PL07-71-BC; Sample ID
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 721 data points
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  • 7
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    Bio optical profiler data at station TT008_5-BOP10 (2003)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: 04010900; Bio-Optical Platform; BOP; DEPTH, water; Equatorial Pacific; Fluorescence; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Number of observations; Radiance, upward at 410 nm; Radiance, upward at 441 nm; Radiance, upward at 488 nm; Radiance, upward at 520 nm; Radiance, upward at 550 nm; Radiance, upward at 633 nm; Radiance, upward at 656 nm; Radiance, upward at 683 nm; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Salinity; Spectral irradiance, downward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 560 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 589 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 633 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 656 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 683 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 710 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 486 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 694 nm; Temperature, water; Thomas G. Thompson; TT008; TT008_5-BOP10
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4963 data points
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  • 8
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    Bio optical profiler data at station TT008_5-BOP12 (2003)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: 04011600; Bio-Optical Platform; BOP; DEPTH, water; Equatorial Pacific; Fluorescence; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Number of observations; Radiance, upward at 410 nm; Radiance, upward at 441 nm; Radiance, upward at 488 nm; Radiance, upward at 520 nm; Radiance, upward at 550 nm; Radiance, upward at 633 nm; Radiance, upward at 656 nm; Radiance, upward at 683 nm; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Salinity; Spectral irradiance, downward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 560 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 589 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 633 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 656 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 683 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 710 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 486 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 694 nm; Temperature, water; Thomas G. Thompson; TT008; TT008_5-BOP12
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4254 data points
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  • 9
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    Bio optical profiler data at station TT008_5-BOP13 (2003)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: 04021120; Bio-Optical Platform; BOP; DEPTH, water; Equatorial Pacific; Fluorescence; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Number of observations; Radiance, upward at 410 nm; Radiance, upward at 441 nm; Radiance, upward at 488 nm; Radiance, upward at 520 nm; Radiance, upward at 550 nm; Radiance, upward at 633 nm; Radiance, upward at 656 nm; Radiance, upward at 683 nm; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Salinity; Spectral irradiance, downward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 560 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 589 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 633 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 656 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 683 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 710 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 486 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 694 nm; Temperature, water; Thomas G. Thompson; TT008; TT008_5-BOP13
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5362 data points
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  • 10
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    Bio optical profiler data at station TT008_5-BOP11 (2003)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: 04011205; Bio-Optical Platform; BOP; DEPTH, water; Equatorial Pacific; Fluorescence; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Number of observations; Radiance, upward at 410 nm; Radiance, upward at 441 nm; Radiance, upward at 488 nm; Radiance, upward at 520 nm; Radiance, upward at 550 nm; Radiance, upward at 633 nm; Radiance, upward at 656 nm; Radiance, upward at 683 nm; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Salinity; Spectral irradiance, downward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 560 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 589 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 633 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 656 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 683 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 710 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 410 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 441 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 486 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 488 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 520 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 550 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 671 nm; Spectral irradiance, upward at 694 nm; Temperature, water; Thomas G. Thompson; TT008; TT008_5-BOP11
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5356 data points
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