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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase genes in wheat: differential expression and gene mapping (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 197 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase ; Gene ex ; pression (Agp1, Agp2) ; Hexaploid wheat-Starch synthesis ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A full-length cDNA clone representing the large (shrunken-2) subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; EC 2.7.7.27) has been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from developing grain of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Chinese Spring). The 2084-bp cDNA insert contains an open reading frame of 1566 nucleotides and primer-extension analysis indicated that the 5′ end is 10 nucleotides shorter than the mRNA. The deduced protein contains 522 amino acids (57.8 kDa) and includes a putative transit peptide of 62 amino acids (6.5 kDa). The similarity of the deduced protein to the small subunit of AGP and to other AGP genes from plants and microorganisms is discussed. Northern hybridisation shows that the Agp1 genes (encoding the small subunit in the wheat endosperm) and the Agp2 genes (encoding the large subunit in the wheat endosperm) are differentially expressed in the wheat grain. Transcripts from both gene sets accumulate to high levels in the endosperm during grain development with the majority of the expression in the endopsperm rather than the embryo and pericarp layers. Although enzyme activity is detected in developing grains prior to 10 d post anthesis, only the Agp1 genes are active at this time (the Agp2 genes are not expressed until 10 d post anthesis). The possibility that the enzyme expressed during early grain development is a homotetramer of small subunits is discussed. The Agp1 and Agp2 genes are arranged as triplicate sets of single-copy homoeoloci in wheat. The Agp2 genes are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, about 80 cM from the centromere. The Agp1 genes have been mapped to a position just distal to the centromere on the long arms of chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239933
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of low temperature on the activity of phosphofructokinase from potato tubers (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 613-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Phosphofructokinase ; Solanum (phosphofructokinase) ; Sugar accumulation ; Temperature and phosphofructokinase activity ; Tuber (cold-induced sweeting)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was to compare the coldlability of phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) from tubers of potato cultivars (cvs.) known to differ in their propensity to accumulate sugars at low temperature. When stored at 4°C for six weeks, the sugar content of tubers ofSolanum tuberosum L. cv. Record doubled whereas the amount of sugar in tubers of cv. Brodick and an advanced breeding clone (13676) decreased slightly. Tubers from each line contained four forms of phophofructokinase. Over the range 12°–16°C the temperature coefficients of the four forms of phosphofructokinase from cvs. Record and Brodick were similar. In cv. Record the temperature coefficients of three of the enzyme forms were significantly higher at 2°–6°C than at 12°–16°C, whereas those from cv. Brodick were unchanged. These results are consistent with the proposal that inactivation of phosphofructokinase at low temperature results in the accumulation of hexose phosphates leading to increased sucrose synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411461
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic manipulation of 6-phosphofructokinase in potato tubers (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 194 (1994), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycolysis (regulation) ; 6-Phosphofructokinase ; Solanum (respiration) ; Transgenic plant (potato)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was to discover whether genetic manipulation of 6-phosphofructokinase [EC 2.7.1.11; PFK(ATP)] influenced the rate of respiration of tuber tissue of Solanum tuberosum L. Transgenic plants were produced that contained the coding sequence of the Escherichia coli pfkA gene linked to a patatin promoter. Expression of this chimaeric gene in tubers resulted in a 14to 21-fold increase in the maximum catalytic activity of PFK(ATP) without affecting the activities of the other glycolytic enzymes. Tubers, and ‘aged’ disks of tuber tissue, from transformed plants showed no more than a 30% fall in the content of hexose 6-monophosphates; the other intermediates of glycolysis increased threeto eightfold. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate was barely detectable in aged disks of transformed tubers. The relative rates of 14CO2 production from [1-14C]-and [6-14C]-glucose supplied to disks of transformed and control tubers were similar. Oxygen uptake and CO2 production by aged disks of transformed tubers did not differ significantly from those from control tubers. The same was true of CO2 production, in air, and in nitrogen, for tuber tissue. It is concluded that PFK(ATP) does not dominate the control of respiration in potato tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic transformation in two potato cultivars with T-DNA from disarmed Agrobacterium (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 744-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic manipulation ; Neomycin phosphotransferase ; Mixed infection ; Somaclonal variation ; Solanum tuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Derivatives of potato (Solanum tuberosum cv.'s ‘Maris Bard’ and ‘Desiree’) transformed with disarmed T-DNA from genetically engineered Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains were isolated. The transformed plants were recovered from shoot-forming tumours induced by infection of wounds with mixedcultures of shoot-inducing A. tumefaciens strains T37 and either Agrobacterium strain LBA1834(pRAL1834), (Hille et al. 1983) or LBA4404(pBIN6; pRAL4404), (Bevan 1984). Two small-scale feasibility experiments gave at least four ‘Maris Bard’ plants transformed with pRAL1834 T-DNA and two ‘Desiree’ plants with pBIN6 T-DNA. The transformed ‘Maris Bard’ plants were morphologically abnormal and highly aneuploid. This was probably an unfortunate side-effect of a tissue culture-step introduced to promote the efficiency of shoot regeneration. The transformed ‘Desiree’ plants, in contrast, were isolated without promoting additional shoot-growth. They were morphologically normal, contained 47 and the euploid 48 chromosomes per cell respectively and had improved growth on media containing kanamycin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260785
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age- but not caste-related regulation of abdominal mechanisms underlying the sting reflex of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 174 (1994), S. 581-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Honey bee ; Sting response ; Motor control ; Ventral nerve cord ; Maturation ; Caste
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stinging behavior has been extensively studied in honey bees at the level of the individual, that is, in terms of stimuli that release stinging in adult bees, and in terms of integration of individual behavior into colony defense. Yet very little is known about the physiological basis for this behavior. Using an isolated abdominal preparation factors that influence peripheral control of the sting extension response are analyzed. Results show that: 1. Electromyogram activity released by severing the ventral nerve cord changed during the first few days of adult life but not later. Abdomens from older bees (nurses, guards, foragers) showed significantly higher EMG activity than newly emerged or 24 h-old bees. 2. The reflex “matured” over 5–7 days after emergence as an adult. 3. Younger bees (≤24h) had a lower threshold for initiating sting extension than older bees. However, the threshold for initiating the full sting response, i.e., extension and venom pumping, did not differ due to age. 4. Caste status was not correlated to any of the parameters of sting extension, indicating that any effect of caste on stinging behavior must arise in more anterior ganglia and/or in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217379
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technique for identifying and minimizing solvent-pesticide interactions in bioassays (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A simple, reliable, and accurate technique is presented for identifying and analyzing solvent-pesticide interactions in bioassays. This method used the solvent acetone, the fungicides metalaxyl and captan, and the fungiPythium ultimum, Sclerotinia homeocarpa, andPestalotia sp. Conclusions obtained were tested and verified by procedures specifically developed for both water-soluble and -insoluble pesticides. The interaction response observed with any given set of bioassay parameters was dependent upon both the acetone and fungicide concentrations. However, the method compensates for these discrepancies in interaction response and indicates the most suitable test parameters to employ in subsequent bioassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056070
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extension of Karmarkar's algorithm for linear programming using dual variables (1986)
    Springer
    Algorithmica 1 (1986), S. 409-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Linear programming ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; Duality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We describe an extension of Karmarkar's algorithm for linear programming that handles problems with unknown optimal value and generates primal and dual solutions with objective values converging to the common optimal primal and dual value. We also describe an implementation for the dense case and show how extreme point solutions can be obtained naturally, with little extra computation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01840455
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From concept to practice: Implementing cumulative impact assessment in New Zealand (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental management 19 (1995), S. 445-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Cumulative impact assessment ; Methods ; Institutional context ; Resource management ; New Zealand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, provisions for environmental impact assessment in New Zealand were changed significantly with the enactment of the Resource Management Act. Among other provisions, this act requires consideration of cumulative impacts in environmental assessment activities undertaken by planners in newly created regional authorities and district and city councils. The institutional context in which the act is being implemented offers both opportunities and constraints to cumulative impact assessment. A lack of methods for CIA is a recognized problem. However, methods that have been developed for environmental impact assessments can be modified to incorporate second-, third-, and fourth-order impacts as well as to identify the direction and magnitude of additive and synergistic impacts. Layered matrices and combined networks are examples of such methods. While they do not allow for scientific prediction, they do provide the practitioner with the ability to consider the cumulative impacts of decisions. This is crucial in New Zealand, where statutory requirements are ahead of established methodologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471985
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and analysis of interactions between atrazine and sodium pentachlorophenate with single and multiple algal-bacterial populations (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 14 (1985), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A multispecies-multitoxicant defined microcosm was studied by examination of its various components. Determination of population interactions showed thatChlorella vulgaris inhibitedAnkistrodesmus braunii by 32%. The presence ofChromobacterium violaceum resulted in a further inhibition ofA. braunii (17%) but its presence had no effect onC. vulgaris. Sensitivity of the two algae and the bacterium were determined for the toxicants atrazine1 and sodium pentachlorophenate, both singly and in combination. While both algae were sensitive to the toxicants, the combined effect of the toxicants on the individual populations was additive. In mixed cultures with one toxicant present, a synergistic interaction was detected between sodium pentachlorophenate andC. vulgaris with respect to A.braunii. Further, the combination ofA. braunii and atrazine withC. vulgaris resulted in an increased inhibition ofC. vulgaris. These observations indicate that biological-chemical interactions can occur as do population-population and chemical-chemical interactions. When mixed cultures of the algae were treated with both toxicants, chemical antagonism was observed. This antagonism was modified by the presence of the bacterium but it was not eliminated. It was concluded that the techniques allowed determination of the interactions in a complex microcosm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between the solvent acetone and the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin on activities of the blue-green algaAnabaena (1980)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 24 (1980), S. 562-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608156
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