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  • 1
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    A search for eclipsing binaries that host discs (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-05
    Description: We search for systems hosting eclipsing discs using a complete sample of eclipsing binaries (EBs); those previously identified in the third phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-III). Within a subsample of 2823 high-cadence, high-photometric precision and large eclipsing depth detached EBs previously identified in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), we find that the skewness and kurtosis of the light-curve magnitude distribution within the primary eclipse can distinguish EBs with a complex-shaped eclipse from those without. Two systems with previously identified eclipsing discs (OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893 and OGLE-LMC-ECL-17782) are identified with near zero skewness (| S | 〈 0.5) and positive kurtosis. No additional eclipsing disc systems were found in the OGLE-III LMC, Small Magellanic Cloud or Galactic Disc EB light curves. We estimate that the fraction of detached early-type LMC EBs (which have a primary with an I -band magnitude brighter than ~=19 mag) that exhibit atypical eclipses and so could host a disc is approximately 1/1000. As circumstellar disc lifetimes are short, we expected to primarily find eclipsing discs around young stars. In addition, as there is more room for a disc in a widely separated binary and because a disc close to a luminous star would be above the dust sublimation temperature, we expected to primarily find eclipsing discs in long-period binaries. However, OGLE-LMC-ECL-17782 is a 13.3 d period B star system with a transient and hot (~6000 K, ~0.1 au radius) disc and Scott et al. estimate an age of 150 Myr for OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893. Both discs are unexpected in the EB sample and impel explanation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    MERAV: a tool for comparing gene expression across human tissues and cell types (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: The oncogenic transformation of normal cells into malignant, rapidly proliferating cells requires major alterations in cell physiology. For example, the transformed cells remodel their metabolic processes to supply the additional demand for cellular building blocks. We have recently demonstrated essential metabolic processes in tumor progression through the development of a methodological analysis of gene expression. Here, we present the Metabolic gEne RApid Visualizer (MERAV, http://merav.wi.mit.edu ), a web-based tool that can query a database comprising ~4300 microarrays, representing human gene expression in normal tissues, cancer cell lines and primary tumors. MERAV has been designed as a powerful tool for whole genome analysis which offers multiple advantages: one can search many genes in parallel; compare gene expression among different tissue types as well as between normal and cancer cells; download raw data; and generate heatmaps; and finally, use its internal statistical tool. Most importantly, MERAV has been designed as a unique tool for analyzing metabolic processes as it includes matrixes specifically focused on metabolic genes and is linked to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway search.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Insulators and boundaries: versatile regulatory elements in the eukaryotic genome (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, A C -- West, A G -- Felsenfeld, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):447-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/chemistry/*genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; *Genome ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Vertebrates/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    In reply: molecule of the year (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Interfacial polygonal nanopatterning of stable microbubbles (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: Micrometer-sized bubbles are unstable and therefore difficult to make and store for substantial lengths of time. Short-term stabilization is achieved by the addition of amphiphilic molecules, which reduce the driving force for dissolution. When these molecules crystallize on the air/liquid interface, the lifetime of individual bubbles may extend over a few months. We demonstrated low gas-fraction dispersions with mean bubble radii of less than 1 micrometer and stability lasting more than a year. An insoluble, self-assembled surfactant layer covers the surface of the microbubbles, which can result in nanometer-scale hexagonal patterning that we explain with thermodynamic and molecular models. The elastic response of the interface arrests the shrinkage of the bubbles. Our study identifies a route to fabricate highly stable dispersions of microbubbles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dressaire, Emilie -- Bee, Rodney -- Bell, David C -- Lips, Alex -- Stone, Howard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1198-201. doi: 10.1126/science.1154601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Alkali-stabilized Pt-OHx species catalyze low-temperature water-gas shift reactions (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: We report that alkali ions (sodium or potassium) added in small amounts activate platinum adsorbed on alumina or silica for the low-temperature water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (H(2)O + CO --〉 H(2) + CO(2)) used for producing H(2). The alkali ion-associated surface OH groups are activated by CO at low temperatures (~100 degrees C) in the presence of atomically dispersed platinum. Both experimental evidence and density functional theory calculations suggest that a partially oxidized Pt-alkali-O(x)(OH)(y) species is the active site for the low-temperature Pt-catalyzed WGS reaction. These findings are useful for the design of highly active and stable WGS catalysts that contain only trace amounts of a precious metal without the need for a reducible oxide support such as ceria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhai, Yanping -- Pierre, Danny -- Si, Rui -- Deng, Weiling -- Ferrin, Peter -- Nilekar, Anand U -- Peng, Guowen -- Herron, Jeffrey A -- Bell, David C -- Saltsburg, Howard -- Mavrikakis, Manos -- Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1633-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1192449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Detection of Berry's phase in a Bulk Rashba semiconductor (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: The motion of electrons in a solid has a profound effect on its topological properties and may result in a nonzero Berry's phase, a geometric quantum phase encoded in the system's electronic wave function. Despite its ubiquity, there are few experimental observations of Berry's phase of bulk states. Here, we report detection of a nontrivial pi Berry's phase in the bulk Rashba semiconductor BiTeI via analysis of the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect. The extremely large Rashba splitting in this material enables the separation of SdH oscillations, stemming from the spin-split inner and outer Fermi surfaces. For both Fermi surfaces, we observe a systematic pi-phase shift in SdH oscillations, consistent with the theoretically predicted nontrivial pi Berry's phase in Rashba systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakawa, H -- Bahramy, M S -- Tokunaga, M -- Kohama, Y -- Bell, C -- Kaneko, Y -- Nagaosa, N -- Hwang, H Y -- Tokura, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1490-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1242247.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (Center for Emergent Matter Science), Wako 351-0198, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    An efference copy which is modified by reafferent input (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: In electric fish of the mormyrid family, an efference copy is present in the brain region that receives afferent input from ampullary electroreceptors. The efference copy is elicited by the motor command to fire the electric organ. Its effect is always opposite that the ampullary afferents responding to the electric organ discharge, and it changes to match variations in this afferent input. It probably reduces the central effects of activity in ampullary receptors evoked by the electric organ discharge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):450-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Electric Organ/*physiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Proprioception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Lineage-dependent spatial and functional organization of the mammalian enteric nervous system (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-19
    Description: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is essential for digestive function and gut homeostasis. Here we show that the amorphous neuroglia networks of the mouse ENS are composed of overlapping clonal units founded by postmigratory neural crest–derived progenitors. The spatial configuration of ENS clones depends on proliferation-driven local interactions of ENS progenitors with lineally unrelated neuroectodermal cells, the ordered colonization of the serosa-mucosa axis by clonal descendants, and gut expansion. Single-cell transcriptomics and mutagenesis analysis delineated dynamic molecular states of ENS progenitors and identified RET as a regulator of neurogenic commitment. Clonally related enteric neurons exhibit synchronous activity in response to network stimulation. Thus, lineage relationships underpin the organization of the peripheral nervous system.
    Keywords: Neuroscience
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    T cell-mediated regulation of the microbiota protects against obesity (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The microbiota influences obesity, yet organisms that protect from disease remain unknown. During studies interrogating host-microbiota interactions, we observed the development of age-associated metabolic syndrome (MetS). Expansion of 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉 and loss of Clostridia were key features associated with obesity in this model and are present in humans with MetS. T cell–dependent events were required to prevent disease, and replacement of Clostridia rescued obesity. Inappropriate immunoglobulin A targeting of Clostridia and increased 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉 antagonized the colonization of beneficial Clostridia. Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed enhanced lipid absorption in the obese host. Colonization of germ-free mice with Clostridia, but not 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉, down-regulated genes that control lipid absorption and reduced adiposity. Thus, immune control of the microbiota maintains beneficial microbial populations that constrain lipid metabolism to prevent MetS.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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