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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The sudden occurrence of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi has been reported recently from different regions of the Baltic Sea and it has been suggested that the species has invaded the whole basin. Here we provide the first set of quantitative data of seasonal diet composition and life history traits of M. leidyi and its predatory role in the pelagic ecosystem of the Western Baltic Sea. The size structure of the species appeared to be dominated by small size classes and only a few adults were as large as those reported in the native region of the species and in other invaded areas. We show that the species has a high preference for small-sized and slow swimming prey, mainly during the winter low temperature period. Barnacle nauplii appeared to be the main source of carbon for the over-wintering population of M. leidyi. A preference for copepods was only found during August when these prey contributed up to 20% of the gut composition. In summer, planula larvae of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita were the most abundant prey in the gut content (feeding rate of 621 ind. ctenophore−1day−1). We further found that at highest densities of the species, in summer, a significant predation on its larvae occurs, this being the major carbon source of adults. Overall, these results are discussed in the context of trade-offs M. leidyi faces in the new environment and adverse environmental conditions, which are likely forcing the species toward reduced sizes and also probably reducing its potential predatory impact in the Baltic Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-05-02
    Description: The pelagic dynamics of the cosmopolitan scyphozoan Aurelia sp. was investigated in three French Mediterranean lagoons, Thau, Berre and Bages-Sigean, which harbour resident populations. The annual cycles showed a common univoltine pattern in all lagoons where the presence of pelagic stages in the water column lasted ∼8 months. Field observations showed a release of ephyrae in winter time followed by pronounced growth between April and July, when individuals reached the largest sizes, before disappearing from the water column. Maximum abundance of ephyrae and medusae were registered in Thau. Medusae abundance attained a maximum of 331 ind 100 m-3 in Thau, 18 ind 100 m-3 in Berre and 7 ind 100 m-3 in Bages-Sigean lagoons. Temperature and zooplankton abundance appeared as leading factors of growth, where Bages-Sigean showed the population with higher growth rates (2.66 mm day-1) and maximum size (32 cm), followed by Thau (0.57-2.56 mm day-1; 22.4 cm) and Berre (1.57-2.22 mm day-1; 17 cm). The quantification of environmental windows used by the species showed wider ranges than previously reported in the Mediterranean Sea, which suggests a wide ecological plasticity of Aurelia spp. populations in north-western Mediterranean lagoons.
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  • 3
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 32 (1). pp. 97-98.
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: In their comment, Gorokhova and Lehtiniemi (Gorokhova and Lehtiniemi, 2010) raise doubts about the accuracy of the taxonomic identification of Mnemiopsis leidyi which has recently invaded the Baltic Sea. They question the conclusions of Javidpour et al. (Javidpour et al., 2009) that the observed feeding of adult M. leidyi on tentaculate ctenophore larvae indicates cannibalism, because the prey might also be larvae of other ctenophore species. We agree that morphotaxonomic distinction of M. leidyi-larvae from some other ctenophores species is difficult and molecular assays should be considered as a helpful tool besides taxonomic keys. The importance of molecular evidence has recently been emphasized for wider plankton studies by McManus and Katz (McManus and Katz, 2009). When we first observed the occurrence of M. leidyi in the Baltic Sea, we confirmed the morphological taxonomic identification by …
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The diatom Thalassiosira minima was first recorded in the Baha Blanca Estuary in 1992. In 19921993 it exhibited a broad seasonal occurrence. A recent survey (20062007) showed a seasonal appearance restricted mainly to summer together with a greater relative abundance within the phytoplankton. A close connection was found with warmer, more saline and highly turbid conditions experienced in recent summers in the estuary. Whether these changes will impact the estuary trophic dynamics remains an open question.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: Seasonal and interannual dynamics of cladoceran species were analyzed during the period 1995–2003 in two deep peri-alpine lakes morphologically different but subjected to similar regional climatic forcing. The seasonal succession of cladoceran species was characterized and the impact of extreme climatic events on the annual pattern of species succession was assessed. Using a multivariate method, we show that the cladoceran species display marked seasonality patterns that differed in the two lakes. The differences observed between the lakes were driven by their trophic state, the plankton species composition and the abundance of predators. We show that the sensitivity of the annual pattern of species succession to extreme weather changes, illustrated by the 2003 heat wave, differs markedly in these two lakes. In Lake Annecy, the annual pattern of cladoceran succession observed in 2003 is not different from the one usually observed. In contrast, in Lake Geneva, the annual pattern recorded in 2003 is unusual and characterized by the maintenance of herbivorous cladocera during summer. These findings underline the need to consider the morphology of lakes and trophic state in the assessment of ecological responses to global warming. Our results contribute to the debate about the predictability of the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems, and their extrapolation from one site to another.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Aurelia aurita (Linneaus, 1758) is a cosmopolitan scyphozoan, probably the most investigated jellyfish in temperate and highly productive coastal ecosystems. Despite a prominent top-down control in plankton food webs, a mechanistic understanding of A. aurita population dynamics and trophic interactions has been barely addressed. Here we develop a food web dynamic model to assess A. aurita role in the seasonal plankton dynamics of the Kiel Fjord, southwestern Baltic Sea. The model couples low trophic level dynamics, based on a classical Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton Detritus (NPZD) model, to a stage-resolved copepod model (referencing Pseudocalanus sp.) and a jellyfish model (A. aurita ephyra and medusa) as consumers and predators, respectively. Simulations showed the relevance of high abundances of A. aurita, which appear related with warm winter temperatures, promoting a shift from a copepod-dominated food web to a ciliate and medusa dominated one. The model captured the intraspecific competition triggered by the medusae abundance and characterized by a negative relationship between population density and individual size/weight. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of an emergent trait such as size shaping the food web functioning, driving predation rates and population dynamics of A. aurita, driving its sexual reproductive strategy at the end of the pelagic phase.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: Zooplankton trade-offs to maximize fitness in highly dynamic environments such as estuaries have long been a question of central importance for understanding the ecology and evolution of estuarine populations. We present here the first comprehensive data set on the population dynamics of the copepod Eurytemmora affinis obtained from 50 h high-frequency sampling in the Seine estuary during spring. Maximum densities of E. affinis were associated with low salinities (0.5–10) and recorded during the ebb in the bottom layer. Vertical variations in population structure were observed between ebb and flood, as well as the spatial distribution of developmental stages. Nauplii were concentrated in the low salinity zone just above salinity 5, and copepodids and adults distributed more widely relative to salinity than nauplii in bottom waters, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in surface waters. The sex-ratio and the proportion “ovigerous females:non-ovigerous females” appeared to be related to tidal cycle and depth, with higher relative densities of non-ovigerous females in bottom waters and around low tide. The vertical variations noticed during the tidal cycle suggest a strategy by the species to avoid flushing by surface currents, although it may incur a cost due to the greater presence of predators in bottom waters.
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  • 8
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 29 (Suppl.1). i49-i59.
    Publication Date: 2018-06-04
    Description: Lake Geneva is a deep, peri-alpine lake where there has been a continuous monitoring program since the 1970s. The lake has long suffered from eutrophication. In the early 1980s, a restoration plan resulted in a progressive reduction in the phosphorus concentration. During the same period, the lake responded to large-scale climate changes by overall warming of the water, and changes in the timing of stratification. Both the composition and the phenology of the plankton have been affected. This paper focuses on the long-term changes observed in the copepod community. Our findings highlight a switch towards a copepod community dominated by calanoids. In addition we have detected a period (1986 to 1991, 1988 excluded) characterized by an unusual seasonal pattern of species succession. It is suggested that these changes have been induced by qualitative changes in the phytoplankton community, and underline fluctuations in trophic interactions between planktonic species. Re-oligotrophication and warming, therefore, emerge as indirect forcing factors, and these findings contribute to the debate about whether copepods can be used as indicators of environmental changes.
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