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  • 1
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    Laboratory studies on RNA/DNA ratios of starved and fed herring (Clupea harengus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae (1987)
    ICES | Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal du Conseil / Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 43 . pp. 122-128.
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Diatom production in the marine enviroment: implications for larval fish growth and condition (2001)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58 . pp. 1106-1113.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-18
    Description: To test the effects of diatom production on larval fish growth and condition, laboratory experiments were performed with larval North Sea cod reared on different algal food chains. These food chains were based on cultures of (a) the diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira weissflogii; (b) the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra; (c) the flagellate Rhodomonas baltica; (d) a diet composed of both Skeletonema and Heterocapsa food chains (1:1), and (e) a starvation group. These algae were fed to cultures of adult Acartia tonsa. Copepod eggs were collected, hatched, and the N1 nauplii (200l−1) were fed to post-yolk-sac larval cod. Results indicate that larval growth rates are significantly influenced by the content of essential fatty acids of the algal food source: growth rates were positively correlated with the content of DHA (C22:6ω3) and negatively with EPA (C20:5ω3). The ratio of ω3/ω6 fatty acids in the algal source had no significant effect. The highest and lowest growth rates were observed in food chains based on H. triquetra and T. weissflogii, respectively (means for days 14–16 of 4.0 and −4.7). The mixed diatom/dinoflagellate diet resulted in intermediate growth rates and condition. Regressions of growth rates against EPA and DHA content indicated no inhibitory effect of diatom production on growth in larval cod.
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  • 3
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    Nutritional situation for larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) in two nursery areas in thewestern Baltic Sea (2014)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71 (4). pp. 991-1000.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: The Greifswalder Bodden (GWB) is considered to be the most important spawning and nursery area for the western Baltic spring-spawning herring. However, the biotic and abiotic reasons for this are still unclear. Consequently, we investigated larval growth conditions in the GWB and in the Kiel Canal (KC), another nursery and spawning area of Baltic herring. We investigated prey quantity and quality [copepod abundance and essential fatty acid (EFA) concentration] as well as biochemically derived growth rates and fatty acid content of larval herring in spring 2011. A significant correlation between larval growth and larval EFA concentration could be observed in the GWB. The highest growth rates and EFA concentrations in the larval herring coincided with high food quality. Compensating effects of food quality on food quantity and vice versa could be observed in both the GWB and the KC. While larval growth rates in the KC were high early in the season, highest growth rates in the GWB were achieved late in the season. In conclusion, neither area was superior to the other, indicating similar growth conditions for larval herring within the region.
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  • 4
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    Characteristics of survivors: growth and nutritional condition of early stages of the hake species Merluccius paradoxus and M. capensis in the southern Benguela ecosystem (2012)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69 (4). pp. 553-562.
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-15
    Description: Larval mortality in marine fish is strongly linked to characteristic traits such as growth and condition, but the variability in these traits is poorly understood. We tried to identify the variability in growth in relation to conditions leading to greater survival chances for early stages of Cape hake, Merluccius paradoxus and M. capensis, in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem. During two cruises in 2007 and one cruise in 2008, hake larvae and juveniles were caught. Otolith microstructures revealed a larval age ranging from 2 to 29 days post-hatching (dph), whereas juvenile age was 67–152 dph. RNA:DNA ratios, used to evaluate nutritional condition, were above the relevant threshold level for growth. No strong coupling between growth and condition was detected, indicating a complex relationship between these factors in the southern Benguela ecosystem. Merluccius paradoxus juveniles caught in 2007 (the surviving larvae of 2006) had significantly higher larval growth rates than larvae hatched in 2007 and 2008, possibly indicating selection for fast growth in 2006. High selection pressure on growth could be linked to predation avoidance, including cannibalism.
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  • 5
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    Quantifying top-down control and ecological traits of the scyphozoan Aurelia aurita through a dynamic plankton model (2018)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 40 (6). pp. 678-692.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Aurelia aurita (Linneaus, 1758) is a cosmopolitan scyphozoan, probably the most investigated jellyfish in temperate and highly productive coastal ecosystems. Despite a prominent top-down control in plankton food webs, a mechanistic understanding of A. aurita population dynamics and trophic interactions has been barely addressed. Here we develop a food web dynamic model to assess A. aurita role in the seasonal plankton dynamics of the Kiel Fjord, southwestern Baltic Sea. The model couples low trophic level dynamics, based on a classical Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton Detritus (NPZD) model, to a stage-resolved copepod model (referencing Pseudocalanus sp.) and a jellyfish model (A. aurita ephyra and medusa) as consumers and predators, respectively. Simulations showed the relevance of high abundances of A. aurita, which appear related with warm winter temperatures, promoting a shift from a copepod-dominated food web to a ciliate and medusa dominated one. The model captured the intraspecific competition triggered by the medusae abundance and characterized by a negative relationship between population density and individual size/weight. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of an emergent trait such as size shaping the food web functioning, driving predation rates and population dynamics of A. aurita, driving its sexual reproductive strategy at the end of the pelagic phase.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    A comparison of the nutritional condition of herring larvae as determined by two biochemical methods - tryptic enzyme activity and RNA/DNA ratio measurements (1992)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 49 . pp. 245-249.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-15
    Description: Two biochemical methods for measuring larval fish condition – tryptic enzyme activity and RNA/DNA ratio measurement - were applied to laboratory-reared and wild-caught herring larvae. The comparison of both methods when applied to laboratory-reared herring larvae showed that tryptic enzyme activity and RNA/DNA ratio are linear and positively correlated under constant nutritional conditions. Wild-caught larvae were transferred to the laboratory and used to compare both indicators in relation to shortterm changes in food availability and long-term starvation periods (13 days). In the starvation experiments with the wild-caught larvae the lowest trypsin values were obtained after 3–4 days and a significant decrease in RNA/DNA ratios was obtained after 5–6 days. Prolongation of the starvation time did not result in a further significant change in either parameter. The results of the study demonstrate the usefulness of both methods in monitoring nutritional condition offish larvae in field samples.
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  • 7
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    Body condition of larval roundherring, Gilchristella aestuaria (family Clupeidae), in relation to harmful algal blooms in a warm-temperate estuary (2023)
    Oxford Univ. Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Eutrophication-driven harmful algal blooms (HABs) can have secondary effects on larval fishes that rely on estuaries as nurseries. However, few studies worldwide have quantified these effects despite the global rise in eutrophication. This study presents a novel approach using biochemical body condition analyses to evaluate the impact of HABs on the growth and body condition of the larvae of an estuarine resident fish. Recurrent phytoplankton blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo occur in the warm-temperate Sundays Estuary on the southeast coast of South Africa. The response in body condition and assemblage structure on larval estuarine roundherring (Gilchristella aestuaria) was measured in conjunction with bloom conditions, water quality and zooplanktonic prey and predators. Larvae and early juveniles were sampled during varying intensity levels, duration and frequency of hypereutrophic blooms. This study demonstrated that extensive HABs could significantly impact larval roundherring, G. aestuaria, by decreasing larval nutritional condition and limiting their growth, resulting in poor grow-out into the juvenile phase. Poor condition and growth may likely affect recruitment success to adult populations, and since G. aestuaria is an important forage fish and zooplanktivore, poor recruitment will hold consequences for estuarine food webs.
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