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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are a diverse, phylogenetically deep-branching clade known for forming intimate partnerships with complex communities of microorganisms. To date, 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies have largely utilised different extraction and amplification methodologies to target the microbial communities of a limited number of sponge species, severely limiting comparative analyses of sponge microbial diversity and structure. Here, we provide an extensive and standardised dataset that will facilitate sponge microbiome comparisons across large spatial, temporal and environmental scales. Samples from marine sponges (n = 3569 specimens), seawater (n = 370), marine sediments (n = 65) and other environments (n = 29) were collected from different locations across the globe. This dataset incorporates at least 269 different sponge species, including several yet unidentified taxa. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from extracted DNA using standardised procedures. Raw sequences (total of 1.1 billion sequences) were processed and clustered with a) a standard protocol using QIIME closed-reference picking resulting in 39,543 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) at 97% sequence identity, b) a de novo protocol using Mothur resulting in 518,246 OTUs, and c) a new high-resolution Deblur protocol resulting in 83,908 unique bacterial sequences. Abundance tables, representative sequences, taxonomic classifications and metadata are provided. This dataset represents a comprehensive resource of sponge-associated microbial communities based on 16S rRNA gene sequences that can be used to address overarching hypotheses regarding host-associated prokaryotes, including host-specificity, convergent evolution, environmental drivers of microbiome structure and the sponge-associated rare biosphere.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The Observing Air–Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) is a new United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme working to develop a practical, integrated approach for observing air–sea interactions globally for improved Earth system (including ecosystem) forecasts, CO2 uptake assessments called for by the Paris Agreement, and invaluable surface ocean information for decision makers. Our “Theory of Change” relies upon leveraged multi-disciplinary activities, partnerships, and capacity strengthening. Recommendations from 〉40 OceanObs’19 community papers and a series of workshops have been consolidated into three interlinked Grand Ideas for creating #1: a globally distributed network of mobile air–sea observing platforms built around an expanded array of long-term time-series stations; #2: a satellite network, with high spatial and temporal resolution, optimized for measuring air–sea fluxes; and #3: improved representation of air–sea coupling in a hierarchy of Earth system models. OASIS activities are organized across five Theme Teams: (1) Observing Network Design & Model Improvement; (2) Partnership & Capacity Strengthening; (3) UN Decade OASIS Actions; (4) Best Practices & Interoperability Experiments; and (5) Findable–Accessible–Interoperable–Reusable (FAIR) models, data, and OASIS products. Stakeholders, including researchers, are actively recruited to participate in Theme Teams to help promote a predicted, safe, clean, healthy, resilient, and productive ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  New York, 230 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 0080424309)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: ethics ; moral ; misconduct ; objectivity ; ideology ; repeatability ; method
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  • 4
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  The Auk, 107 (4). pp. 678-688.
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Description: Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) feeding in the northern Bering Sea produce prey-rich mud plumes that provide ephemeral foraging opportunities for seabirds. Approximately 67% of all gray whales were attended by birds. In four whale-associating bird species (Northern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis; Red Phalarope, Phalaropus fulicaria; Black-legged Kitti-wake, Rissa tridactyla; and Thick-billed Murre, Uria lomvia), from 17 to 87% of all individuals that we observed on the water or foraging were in the whales' mud plumes. The combined density of these same four species was strongly correlated with whale density over a broad range of spatial scales. The whale-associating seabirds exhibited species-specific patterns of foraging behavior at plumes, including differences in mean group size, mean residence time, and patterns of movement between plumes. Birds tended to form larger groups and to form more mixed-species flocks in association with whales. The association of marine birds with gray whales in the Bering Sea provides a model system for examining seabird interactions at fine-scale oceanographic patches and demonstrates the importance of these patches in shaping patterns of seabird distribution and behavior.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 49 (2). pp. 175-183.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: A joint research cruise (Japan-Argentina-Uruguay) was carried out in the South-western Atlantic during August-September 1989 in order to study the winter-spawning and hatchery areas of Illex argentinus, and also the migration pattern of the juveniles towards the continental shelf. A few Rhynchoteuthion larvae were found in subtropical waters of the Brazil Current, next to the Brazil-Malvinas confluence, and in the frontal zone with shelf water, but never at temperatures below 14°C. Large numbers of juveniles found in subantarctic waters (6–10°C) on the shelf were probably migrating southward from their hatchery grounds following the zooplankton concentrations on which they were feeding.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 22 . pp. 2015-2038.
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Long-term dynamics (1959–1997) of the copepod species Pseudocalanus elongatus, Temora longicornis, Acartia spp. and Centropages hamatus, as well as the taxonomic group of cladocerans, are described for the open sea areas of the central Baltic Sea. Differences between areas, i.e. Bornholm Basin, Gdansk Deep and Gotland Basin, as well as between 5 year periods, were investigated by means of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No significant differences in mesozooplankton biomass between areas were found. On the other hand, clear time-trends could be demonstrated and related to salinity and temperature, with P.elongatus biomass mainly dependent on salinity and T.longicornis, Acartia spp. and cladocerans biomasses dependent, to a large extent, on thermal conditions. Decreasing salinities since the early 1980s due to a lack of major inflows of highly saline water from the North Sea and increased river run-off, both triggered by meteorological conditions, obviously caused a decrease in biomass of P.elongatus. Contrarily, the standing stocks of the other abundant copepod species and cladocerans followed, to a large degree, the temperature development and showed, in general, an increase. The shift in species composition during this period is considered to be a reason for decreasing growth rates of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) since the early 1980s, and for sprat (Sprattus sprattus) since the early 1990s. Generally, it is suggested that low mesozooplankton biomasses in the 1990s were caused, at least partially, by amplified predation by clupeid fish stocks.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 58 (10). pp. 1029-1040.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: The ECM of astrocytic tumors promotes and modulates a variety of cell functions, such as cell attachment, migration, proliferation, survival, and signaling. Recent studies indicate that there are extensive and complex interactions among ECM molecules and that these can modify the function of the participating molecules, interactions between the proteoglycan, phosphacan, and the ECM protein, tenascin, being an example (63). In addition, on nonastrocytic cell types it has been shown that an integrin receptor and the cell surface proteoglycan CD44 recognize the same ECM ligand osteopontin, and thus modulate each others function (77, 86). Thus, interacting components in the ECM and cell surface receptors likely cooperate in regulating cell function and tumor invasion (59, 77, 80, 85-87, 95). As tumor cells are capable of remodeling their ECM through synthesis of ECM proteins and proteoglycans, as well as upregulating integrin receptors and proteoglycans on their cell surface, tumor cells are capable of controlling their own destiny. ECM molecules which are concentrated in blood vessels of malignant astrocytomas, such as tenascin-C and the 250-kDa CSPG (NG2), are potentially therapeutic targets.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Annual growth zones in cod otoliths from the eastern Baltic stock are less discrete than in other cod stocks leading to biased age reading, which recently led to a failure of age-based assessment in the eastern Baltic cod stock. In this study, we explored the applicability of minor and trace element patterns in cod otoliths for age determination. By first identifying elements of interest in a stock without ageing problems, western Baltic cod, we then tested their applicability on another stock without ageing problems, North Sea cod, and finally applied this knowledge to estimate age of eastern Baltic cod. In western Baltic cod, matching patterns with respect to occurrence of minima and maxima in both otolith opacity and element concentrations were found for Cu, Zn, and Rb, and inverse patterns with Mg and Mn. No match was found for Pb, Ba, and Sr. In the test stock, the North Sea cod, the same patterns in Cu, Zn, Rb, Mg, and Mn signals occurred. All eastern Baltic cod with low visual contrast between growth zones exhibited clearly defined synchronous cycles in Cu, Zn, Rb and Pb. Using a combined finite differencing method and structural break models approach, the statistical significance of the local profile minima were identified, based on which their age could be estimated. Despite extensive environmental differences between the three areas examined, the element concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Rb were strongly correlated in all individuals with similar correlations in all three areas, suggesting that the incorporation mechanisms are the same for these elements and independent of environmental concentrations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 37 (2). pp. 293-305.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems experience large natural variation in elemental composition of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which is further enhanced by human activities. Primary producers typically reflect the nutrient ratios of their resource, whose stoichiometric composition can vary widely in conformity to environmental conditions. In contrast, C to nutrient ratios in consumers are largely constrained within a narrow range, termed homeostasis. In comparison to crustacean zooplankton, less is known about the ability of protozoan grazers and rotifer species to maintain stoichiometric balance. In this study, we used laboratory experiments with a primary producer (Nannochloropsis sp.), three different species of protozoan grazers and one mesozooplankton species: two heterotrophic dinoflagellates (Gyrodinium dominans and Oxyrrhis marina), a ciliate (Euplotes sp.) and a rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) to test the stoichiometric response to five nutrient treatments. We showed that the dependency of zooplankton C:N:P ratios on C: nutrient ratios of their food source varies among species. Similar to the photoautotroph, the two heterotrophic dinoflagellates weakly regulated their internal stoichiometry. In contrast, the strength of stoichiometric regulation increased to strict homeostasis in both the ciliate and the rotifer, similar to crustacean zooplankton. Our study further shows that ciliate and rotifer growth can be constrained by imbalanced resource supply. It also indicates that these key primary consumers have the potential to trophically upgrade poor stoichiometric autotrophic food quality for higher trophic levels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: In a recent publication (Froese et al., ICES Journal of Marine Science; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv122), we presented a critique of the balanced harvesting (BH) approach to fishing. A short section dealt with the size-spectrum models used to justify BH, wherein we pointed out the lack of realism of these models, which mostly represented ecosystems as consisting of a single cannibalistic species. Andersen et al. (ICES Journal of Marine Science; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv211) commented on our paper and suggested that we criticized size-spectrum models in general and that we supposedly made several erroneous statements. We stress that we only referred to the size-spectrum models that we cited, and we respond to each supposedly erroneous statement. We still believe that the size-spectrum models used to justify BH were highly unrealistic and not suitable for evaluating real-world fishing strategies. We agree with Andersen et al. that BH is unlikely to be a useful guiding principle for ecosystem-based fisheries management, for many reasons. The use of unrealistic models is one of them.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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