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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-03-26
    Description: Tribolium castaneum is a member of the most species-rich eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved the ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment, as shown by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as P450 and other detoxification enzymes. Development in Tribolium is more representative of other insects than is Drosophila, a fact reflected in gene content and function. For example, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, some being expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short-germ development. Systemic RNA interference in T. castaneum functions differently from that in Caenorhabditis elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tribolium Genome Sequencing Consortium -- Richards, Stephen -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Weinstock, George M -- Brown, Susan J -- Denell, Robin -- Beeman, Richard W -- Gibbs, Richard -- Bucher, Gregor -- Friedrich, Markus -- Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P -- Klingler, Martin -- Lorenzen, Marce -- Roth, Siegfried -- Schroder, Reinhard -- Tautz, Diethard -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Muzny, Donna -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Chavez, Dean -- Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P -- Cree, Andrew -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Chacko, Joseph -- Dinh, Huyen -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fowler, Gerald -- Garner, Toni T -- Garnes, Jeffrey -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Hawes, Alica -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Jackson, LaRonda -- Kovar, Christie -- Kowis, Andrea -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Margolis, Jon -- Morgan, Margaret -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Nguyen, Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Parker, David -- Ruiz, San-Juana -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Savard, Joel -- Scherer, Steven E -- Schneider, Brian -- Sodergren, Erica -- Vattahil, Selina -- Villasana, Donna -- White, Courtney S -- Wright, Rita -- Park, Yoonseong -- Lord, Jeff -- Oppert, Brenda -- Brown, Susan -- Wang, Liangjiang -- Weinstock, George -- Liu, Yue -- Worley, Kim -- Elsik, Christine G -- Reese, Justin T -- Elhaik, Eran -- Landan, Giddy -- Graur, Dan -- Arensburger, Peter -- Atkinson, Peter -- Beidler, Jim -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Drury, Douglas W -- Du, Yu-Zhou -- Fujiwara, Haruhiko -- Maselli, Vincenza -- Osanai, Mizuko -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Tu, Zhijian -- Wang, Jian-jun -- Wang, Suzhi -- Song, Henry -- Zhang, Lan -- Werner, Doreen -- Stanke, Mario -- Morgenstern, Burkhard -- Solovyev, Victor -- Kosarev, Peter -- Brown, Garth -- Chen, Hsiu-Chuan -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Kitts, Paul -- Maglott, Donna -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Mackey, Aaron J -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Wyder, Stefan -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko -- Bork, Peer -- Aranda, Manuel -- Bao, Riyue -- Beermann, Anke -- Berns, Nicola -- Bolognesi, Renata -- Bonneton, Francois -- Bopp, Daniel -- Butts, Thomas -- Chaumot, Arnaud -- Denell, Robin E -- Ferrier, David E K -- Gordon, Cassondra M -- Jindra, Marek -- Lan, Que -- Lattorff, H Michael G -- Laudet, Vincent -- von Levetsow, Cornelia -- Liu, Zhenyi -- Lutz, Rebekka -- Lynch, Jeremy A -- da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes -- Posnien, Nico -- Reuter, Rolf -- Schinko, Johannes B -- Schmitt, Christian -- Schoppmeier, Michael -- Shippy, Teresa D -- Simonnet, Franck -- Marques-Souza, Henrique -- Tomoyasu, Yoshinori -- Trauner, Jochen -- Van der Zee, Maurijn -- Vervoort, Michel -- Wittkopp, Nadine -- Wimmer, Ernst A -- Yang, Xiaoyun -- Jones, Andrew K -- Sattelle, David B -- Ebert, Paul R -- Nelson, David -- Scott, Jeffrey G -- Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam -- Kramer, Karl J -- Arakane, Yasuyuki -- Zhu, Qingsong -- Hogenkamp, David -- Dixit, Radhika -- Jiang, Haobo -- Zou, Zhen -- Marshall, Jeremy -- Elpidina, Elena -- Vinokurov, Konstantin -- Oppert, Cris -- Evans, Jay -- Lu, Zhiqiang -- Zhao, Picheng -- Sumathipala, Niranji -- Altincicek, Boran -- Vilcinskas, Andreas -- Williams, Michael -- Hultmark, Dan -- Hetru, Charles -- Hauser, Frank -- Cazzamali, Giuseppe -- Williamson, Michael -- Li, Bin -- Tanaka, Yoshiaki -- Predel, Reinhard -- Neupert, Susanne -- Schachtner, Joachim -- Verleyen, Peter -- Raible, Florian -- Walden, Kimberly K O -- Angeli, Sergio -- Foret, Sylvain -- Schuetz, Stefan -- Maleszka, Ryszard -- Miller, Sherry C -- Grossmann, Daniela -- BBS/B/12067/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/12067/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM058634/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD029594/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD029594-16/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):949-55. doi: 10.1038/nature06784. Epub 2008 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. stephenr@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18362917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Genes, Insect/*genetics ; Genome, Insect/*genetics ; Growth and Development/genetics ; Humans ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/genetics ; Oogenesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Proteome/genetics ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Taste/genetics ; Telomere/genetics ; Tribolium/classification/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; Vision, Ocular/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-07-17
    Description: Schistosoma mansoni is responsible for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis that affects 210 million people in 76 countries. Here we present analysis of the 363 megabase nuclear genome of the blood fluke. It encodes at least 11,809 genes, with an unusual intron size distribution, and new families of micro-exon genes that undergo frequent alternative splicing. As the first sequenced flatworm, and a representative of the Lophotrochozoa, it offers insights into early events in the evolution of the animals, including the development of a body pattern with bilateral symmetry, and the development of tissues into organs. Our analysis has been informed by the need to find new drug targets. The deficits in lipid metabolism that make schistosomes dependent on the host are revealed, and the identification of membrane receptors, ion channels and more than 300 proteases provide new insights into the biology of the life cycle and new targets. Bioinformatics approaches have identified metabolic chokepoints, and a chemogenomic screen has pinpointed schistosome proteins for which existing drugs may be active. The information generated provides an invaluable resource for the research community to develop much needed new control tools for the treatment and eradication of this important and neglected disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756445/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756445/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berriman, Matthew -- Haas, Brian J -- LoVerde, Philip T -- Wilson, R Alan -- Dillon, Gary P -- Cerqueira, Gustavo C -- Mashiyama, Susan T -- Al-Lazikani, Bissan -- Andrade, Luiza F -- Ashton, Peter D -- Aslett, Martin A -- Bartholomeu, Daniella C -- Blandin, Gaelle -- Caffrey, Conor R -- Coghlan, Avril -- Coulson, Richard -- Day, Tim A -- Delcher, Art -- DeMarco, Ricardo -- Djikeng, Appolinaire -- Eyre, Tina -- Gamble, John A -- Ghedin, Elodie -- Gu, Yong -- Hertz-Fowler, Christiane -- Hirai, Hirohisha -- Hirai, Yuriko -- Houston, Robin -- Ivens, Alasdair -- Johnston, David A -- Lacerda, Daniela -- Macedo, Camila D -- McVeigh, Paul -- Ning, Zemin -- Oliveira, Guilherme -- Overington, John P -- Parkhill, Julian -- Pertea, Mihaela -- Pierce, Raymond J -- Protasio, Anna V -- Quail, Michael A -- Rajandream, Marie-Adele -- Rogers, Jane -- Sajid, Mohammed -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Stanke, Mario -- Tivey, Adrian R -- White, Owen -- Williams, David L -- Wortman, Jennifer -- Wu, Wenjie -- Zamanian, Mostafa -- Zerlotini, Adhemar -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Barrell, Barclay G -- El-Sayed, Najib M -- 086151/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 5D43TW006580/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- 5D43TW007012-03/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- AI054711-01A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI48828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083873/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083873-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083873-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-08/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-09/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI048828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI048828-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI048828-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- WT085775/Z/08/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):352-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK. mb4@sanger.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Exons/genetics ; Genes, Helminth/genetics ; Genome, Helminth/*genetics ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics ; Introns/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; Schistosomiasis mansoni/drug therapy/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering approximately 4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for approximately 60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin -- Garber, Manuel -- Zuk, Or -- Lin, Michael F -- Parker, Brian J -- Washietl, Stefan -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Ernst, Jason -- Jordan, Gregory -- Mauceli, Evan -- Ward, Lucas D -- Lowe, Craig B -- Holloway, Alisha K -- Clamp, Michele -- Gnerre, Sante -- Alfoldi, Jessica -- Beal, Kathryn -- Chang, Jean -- Clawson, Hiram -- Cuff, James -- Di Palma, Federica -- Fitzgerald, Stephen -- Flicek, Paul -- Guttman, Mitchell -- Hubisz, Melissa J -- Jaffe, David B -- Jungreis, Irwin -- Kent, W James -- Kostka, Dennis -- Lara, Marcia -- Martins, Andre L -- Massingham, Tim -- Moltke, Ida -- Raney, Brian J -- Rasmussen, Matthew D -- Robinson, Jim -- Stark, Alexander -- Vilella, Albert J -- Wen, Jiayu -- Xie, Xiaohui -- Zody, Michael C -- Broad Institute Sequencing Platform and Whole Genome Assembly Team -- Baldwin, Jen -- Bloom, Toby -- Chin, Chee Whye -- Heiman, Dave -- Nicol, Robert -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Young, Sarah -- Wilkinson, Jane -- Worley, Kim C -- Kovar, Christie L -- Muzny, Donna M -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center Sequencing Team -- Cree, Andrew -- Dihn, Huyen H -- Fowler, Gerald -- Jhangiani, Shalili -- Joshi, Vandita -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Warren, Wesley C -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Weinstock, George M -- Wilson, Richard K -- Genome Institute at Washington University -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Dooling, David -- Fronik, Catrina -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Graves, Tina -- Minx, Patrick -- Sodergren, Erica -- Birney, Ewan -- Margulies, Elliott H -- Herrero, Javier -- Green, Eric D -- Haussler, David -- Siepel, Adam -- Goldman, Nick -- Pollard, Katherine S -- Pedersen, Jakob S -- Lander, Eric S -- Kellis, Manolis -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GM82901/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003474/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-09/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7370):476-82. doi: 10.1038/nature10530.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. kersli@broadinstitute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Health ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Phylogeny ; RNA/classification/genetics ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-02-08
    Description: Geographic atrophy (GA), an untreatable advanced form of age-related macular degeneration, results from retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cell degeneration. Here we show that the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme DICER1 is reduced in the RPE of humans with GA, and that conditional ablation of Dicer1, but not seven other miRNA-processing enzymes, induces RPE degeneration in mice. DICER1 knockdown induces accumulation of Alu RNA in human RPE cells and Alu-like B1 and B2 RNAs in mouse RPE. Alu RNA is increased in the RPE of humans with GA, and this pathogenic RNA induces human RPE cytotoxicity and RPE degeneration in mice. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting Alu/B1/B2 RNAs prevent DICER1 depletion-induced RPE degeneration despite global miRNA downregulation. DICER1 degrades Alu RNA, and this digested Alu RNA cannot induce RPE degeneration in mice. These findings reveal a miRNA-independent cell survival function for DICER1 involving retrotransposon transcript degradation, show that Alu RNA can directly cause human pathology, and identify new targets for a major cause of blindness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077055/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077055/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaneko, Hiroki -- Dridi, Sami -- Tarallo, Valeria -- Gelfand, Bradley D -- Fowler, Benjamin J -- Cho, Won Gil -- Kleinman, Mark E -- Ponicsan, Steven L -- Hauswirth, William W -- Chiodo, Vince A -- Kariko, Katalin -- Yoo, Jae Wook -- Lee, Dong-ki -- Hadziahmetovic, Majda -- Song, Ying -- Misra, Smita -- Chaudhuri, Gautam -- Buaas, Frank W -- Braun, Robert E -- Hinton, David R -- Zhang, Qing -- Grossniklaus, Hans E -- Provis, Jan M -- Madigan, Michele C -- Milam, Ann H -- Justice, Nikki L -- Albuquerque, Romulo J C -- Blandford, Alexander D -- Bogdanovich, Sasha -- Hirano, Yoshio -- Witta, Jassir -- Fuchs, Elaine -- Littman, Dan R -- Ambati, Balamurali K -- Rudin, Charles M -- Chong, Mark M W -- Provost, Patrick -- Kugel, Jennifer F -- Goodrich, James A -- Dunaief, Joshua L -- Baffi, Judit Z -- Ambati, Jayakrishna -- NIHU10EY013729/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY006360/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY014800/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY014800-07/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY021721/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30EY003040/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30EY008571/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30EY06360/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY020672/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY020672-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068414/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01EY001545/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY011123/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY015240/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY017182/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY017950/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY020672/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM068414/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HD027215/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R21 EY019778/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R21 EY019778-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R21AI076757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21EY019778/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- RC1 EY020442/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- RC1 EY020442-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- RC1EY020442/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32HL091812/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 17;471(7338):325-30. doi: 10.1038/nature09830. Epub 2011 Feb 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21297615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alu Elements/*genetics ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics/*pathology ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Phenotype ; RNA/*genetics/*metabolism ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Ribonuclease III/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-02-24
    Description: Scalable quantum computing can be achieved only if quantum bits are manipulated in a fault-tolerant fashion. Topological error correction--a method that combines topological quantum computation with quantum error correction--has the highest known tolerable error rate for a local architecture. The technique makes use of cluster states with topological properties and requires only nearest-neighbour interactions. Here we report the experimental demonstration of topological error correction with an eight-photon cluster state. We show that a correlation can be protected against a single error on any quantum bit. Also, when all quantum bits are simultaneously subjected to errors with equal probability, the effective error rate can be significantly reduced. Our work demonstrates the viability of topological error correction for fault-tolerant quantum information processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yao, Xing-Can -- Wang, Tian-Xiong -- Chen, Hao-Ze -- Gao, Wei-Bo -- Fowler, Austin G -- Raussendorf, Robert -- Chen, Zeng-Bing -- Liu, Nai-Le -- Lu, Chao-Yang -- Deng, You-Jin -- Chen, Yu-Ao -- Pan, Jian-Wei -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 22;482(7386):489-94. doi: 10.1038/nature10770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22358838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-11-16
    Description: For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566564/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566564/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groenen, Martien A M -- Archibald, Alan L -- Uenishi, Hirohide -- Tuggle, Christopher K -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Rothschild, Max F -- Rogel-Gaillard, Claire -- Park, Chankyu -- Milan, Denis -- Megens, Hendrik-Jan -- Li, Shengting -- Larkin, Denis M -- Kim, Heebal -- Frantz, Laurent A F -- Caccamo, Mario -- Ahn, Hyeonju -- Aken, Bronwen L -- Anselmo, Anna -- Anthon, Christian -- Auvil, Loretta -- Badaoui, Bouabid -- Beattie, Craig W -- Bendixen, Christian -- Berman, Daniel -- Blecha, Frank -- Blomberg, Jonas -- Bolund, Lars -- Bosse, Mirte -- Botti, Sara -- Bujie, Zhan -- Bystrom, Megan -- Capitanu, Boris -- Carvalho-Silva, Denise -- Chardon, Patrick -- Chen, Celine -- Cheng, Ryan -- Choi, Sang-Haeng -- Chow, William -- Clark, Richard C -- Clee, Christopher -- Crooijmans, Richard P M A -- Dawson, Harry D -- Dehais, Patrice -- De Sapio, Fioravante -- Dibbits, Bert -- Drou, Nizar -- Du, Zhi-Qiang -- Eversole, Kellye -- Fadista, Joao -- Fairley, Susan -- Faraut, Thomas -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Fowler, Katie E -- Fredholm, Merete -- Fritz, Eric -- Gilbert, James G R -- Giuffra, Elisabetta -- Gorodkin, Jan -- Griffin, Darren K -- Harrow, Jennifer L -- Hayward, Alexander -- Howe, Kerstin -- Hu, Zhi-Liang -- Humphray, Sean J -- Hunt, Toby -- Hornshoj, Henrik -- Jeon, Jin-Tae -- Jern, Patric -- Jones, Matthew -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kanamori, Hiroyuki -- Kapetanovic, Ronan -- Kim, Jaebum -- Kim, Jae-Hwan -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Tae-Hun -- Larson, Greger -- Lee, Kyooyeol -- Lee, Kyung-Tai -- Leggett, Richard -- Lewin, Harris A -- Li, Yingrui -- Liu, Wansheng -- Loveland, Jane E -- Lu, Yao -- Lunney, Joan K -- Ma, Jian -- Madsen, Ole -- Mann, Katherine -- Matthews, Lucy -- McLaren, Stuart -- Morozumi, Takeya -- Murtaugh, Michael P -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Nguyen, Dinh Truong -- Ni, Peixiang -- Oh, Song-Jung -- Onteru, Suneel -- Panitz, Frank -- Park, Eung-Woo -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Pascal, Geraldine -- Paudel, Yogesh -- Perez-Enciso, Miguel -- Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo -- Reecy, James M -- Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra -- Rohrer, Gary A -- Rund, Lauretta -- Sang, Yongming -- Schachtschneider, Kyle -- Schraiber, Joshua G -- Schwartz, John -- Scobie, Linda -- Scott, Carol -- Searle, Stephen -- Servin, Bertrand -- Southey, Bruce R -- Sperber, Goran -- Stadler, Peter -- Sweedler, Jonathan V -- Tafer, Hakim -- Thomsen, Bo -- Wali, Rashmi -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- White, Simon -- Xu, Xun -- Yerle, Martine -- Zhang, Guojie -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Zhang, Jie -- Zhao, Shuhong -- Rogers, Jane -- Churcher, Carol -- Schook, Lawrence B -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 249894/European Research Council/International -- 5 P41 LM006252/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- 5 P41LM006252/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- BB/E010520/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E010520/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E010768/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E011640/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G004013/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H005935/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/I025328/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900950/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P20-RR017686/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P30 DA018310/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R13 RR020283A/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R13 RR032267A/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R21 DA027548/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R21 HG006464/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI083196/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):393-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11622.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands. martien.groenen@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23151582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Demography ; Genome/*genetics ; Models, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Sus scrofa/*classification/*genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-06-12
    Description: High-throughput single-cell transcriptomics offers an unbiased approach for understanding the extent, basis and function of gene expression variation between seemingly identical cells. Here we sequence single-cell RNA-seq libraries prepared from over 1,700 primary mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells spanning several experimental conditions. We find substantial variation between identically stimulated dendritic cells, in both the fraction of cells detectably expressing a given messenger RNA and the transcript's level within expressing cells. Distinct gene modules are characterized by different temporal heterogeneity profiles. In particular, a 'core' module of antiviral genes is expressed very early by a few 'precocious' cells in response to uniform stimulation with a pathogenic component, but is later activated in all cells. By stimulating cells individually in sealed microfluidic chambers, analysing dendritic cells from knockout mice, and modulating secretion and extracellular signalling, we show that this response is coordinated by interferon-mediated paracrine signalling from these precocious cells. Notably, preventing cell-to-cell communication also substantially reduces variability between cells in the expression of an early-induced 'peaked' inflammatory module, suggesting that paracrine signalling additionally represses part of the inflammatory program. Our study highlights the importance of cell-to-cell communication in controlling cellular heterogeneity and reveals general strategies that multicellular populations can use to establish complex dynamic responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193940/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193940/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shalek, Alex K -- Satija, Rahul -- Shuga, Joe -- Trombetta, John J -- Gennert, Dave -- Lu, Diana -- Chen, Peilin -- Gertner, Rona S -- Gaublomme, Jellert T -- Yosef, Nir -- Schwartz, Schraga -- Fowler, Brian -- Weaver, Suzanne -- Wang, Jing -- Wang, Xiaohui -- Ding, Ruihua -- Raychowdhury, Raktima -- Friedman, Nir -- Hacohen, Nir -- Park, Hongkun -- May, Andrew P -- Regev, Aviv -- 1F32HD075541-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 1P50HG006193-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5DP1OD003893-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 CA174427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD003958-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD075541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jun 19;510(7505):363-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13437. Epub 2014 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [4]. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2]. ; 1] Fluidigm Corporation, 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 100, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA [2]. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Fluidigm Corporation, 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 100, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases & Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Communication ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*immunology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; Immunity/*genetics ; Interferon-beta/genetics ; Mice ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; *Paracrine Communication ; Principal Component Analysis ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics ; Single-Cell Analysis
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Description: A quantum computer can solve hard problems, such as prime factoring, database searching and quantum simulation, at the cost of needing to protect fragile quantum states from error. Quantum error correction provides this protection by distributing a logical state among many physical quantum bits (qubits) by means of quantum entanglement. Superconductivity is a useful phenomenon in this regard, because it allows the construction of large quantum circuits and is compatible with microfabrication. For superconducting qubits, the surface code approach to quantum computing is a natural choice for error correction, because it uses only nearest-neighbour coupling and rapidly cycled entangling gates. The gate fidelity requirements are modest: the per-step fidelity threshold is only about 99 per cent. Here we demonstrate a universal set of logic gates in a superconducting multi-qubit processor, achieving an average single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.92 per cent and a two-qubit gate fidelity of up to 99.4 per cent. This places Josephson quantum computing at the fault-tolerance threshold for surface code error correction. Our quantum processor is a first step towards the surface code, using five qubits arranged in a linear array with nearest-neighbour coupling. As a further demonstration, we construct a five-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state using the complete circuit and full set of gates. The results demonstrate that Josephson quantum computing is a high-fidelity technology, with a clear path to scaling up to large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum circuits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barends, R -- Kelly, J -- Megrant, A -- Veitia, A -- Sank, D -- Jeffrey, E -- White, T C -- Mutus, J -- Fowler, A G -- Campbell, B -- Chen, Y -- Chen, Z -- Chiaro, B -- Dunsworth, A -- Neill, C -- O'Malley, P -- Roushan, P -- Vainsencher, A -- Wenner, J -- Korotkov, A N -- Cleland, A N -- Martinis, John M -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):500-3. doi: 10.1038/nature13171.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA [2]. ; Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. ; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA. ; 1] Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA [2] Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: 'Orang-utan' is derived from a Malay term meaning 'man of the forest' and aptly describes the southeast Asian great apes native to Sumatra and Borneo. The orang-utan species, Pongo abelii (Sumatran) and Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean), are the most phylogenetically distant great apes from humans, thereby providing an informative perspective on hominid evolution. Here we present a Sumatran orang-utan draft genome assembly and short read sequence data from five Sumatran and five Bornean orang-utan genomes. Our analyses reveal that, compared to other primates, the orang-utan genome has many unique features. Structural evolution of the orang-utan genome has proceeded much more slowly than other great apes, evidenced by fewer rearrangements, less segmental duplication, a lower rate of gene family turnover and surprisingly quiescent Alu repeats, which have played a major role in restructuring other primate genomes. We also describe a primate polymorphic neocentromere, found in both Pongo species, emphasizing the gradual evolution of orang-utan genome structure. Orang-utans have extremely low energy usage for a eutherian mammal, far lower than their hominid relatives. Adding their genome to the repertoire of sequenced primates illuminates new signals of positive selection in several pathways including glycolipid metabolism. From the population perspective, both Pongo species are deeply diverse; however, Sumatran individuals possess greater diversity than their Bornean counterparts, and more species-specific variation. Our estimate of Bornean/Sumatran speciation time, 400,000 years ago, is more recent than most previous studies and underscores the complexity of the orang-utan speciation process. Despite a smaller modern census population size, the Sumatran effective population size (N(e)) expanded exponentially relative to the ancestral N(e) after the split, while Bornean N(e) declined over the same period. Overall, the resources and analyses presented here offer new opportunities in evolutionary genomics, insights into hominid biology, and an extensive database of variation for conservation efforts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3060778/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3060778/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Locke, Devin P -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Warren, Wesley C -- Worley, Kim C -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Muzny, Donna M -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Wang, Zhengyuan -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Minx, Pat -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Cook, Lisa -- Delehaunty, Kim D -- Fronick, Catrina -- Schmidt, Heather -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Fulton, Robert S -- Nelson, Joanne O -- Magrini, Vincent -- Pohl, Craig -- Graves, Tina A -- Markovic, Chris -- Cree, Andy -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Hume, Jennifer -- Kovar, Christie L -- Fowler, Gerald R -- Lunter, Gerton -- Meader, Stephen -- Heger, Andreas -- Ponting, Chris P -- Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Alkan, Can -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Kidd, Jeffrey M -- Eichler, Evan E -- White, Simon -- Searle, Stephen -- Vilella, Albert J -- Chen, Yuan -- Flicek, Paul -- Ma, Jian -- Raney, Brian -- Suh, Bernard -- Burhans, Richard -- Herrero, Javier -- Haussler, David -- Faria, Rui -- Fernando, Olga -- Darre, Fleur -- Farre, Domenec -- Gazave, Elodie -- Oliva, Meritxell -- Navarro, Arcadi -- Roberto, Roberta -- Capozzi, Oronzo -- Archidiacono, Nicoletta -- Della Valle, Giuliano -- Purgato, Stefania -- Rocchi, Mariano -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Ullmer, Brygg -- Batzer, Mark A -- Smit, Arian F A -- Hubley, Robert -- Casola, Claudio -- Schrider, Daniel R -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Quesada, Victor -- Puente, Xose S -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Vinar, Tomas -- Brejova, Brona -- Ratan, Aakrosh -- Harris, Robert S -- Miller, Webb -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Lawson, Heather A -- Taliwal, Vikas -- Martins, Andre L -- Siepel, Adam -- Roychoudhury, Arindam -- Ma, Xin -- Degenhardt, Jeremiah -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Gutenkunst, Ryan N -- Mailund, Thomas -- Dutheil, Julien Y -- Hobolth, Asger -- Schierup, Mikkel H -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Yoshinaga, Yuko -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Weinstock, George M -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Wilson, Richard K -- G0501331/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HG002238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 AG022064/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 27;469(7331):529-33. doi: 10.1038/nature09687.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Genome Center at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. dlocke@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21270892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centromere/genetics ; Cerebrosides/metabolism ; Chromosomes ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement/genetics ; Genetic Speciation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Pongo abelii/*genetics ; Pongo pygmaeus/*genetics ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Species Specificity
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: Confidence is an essential ingredient of success in a wide range of domains ranging from job performance and mental health to sports, business and combat. Some authors have suggested that not just confidence but overconfidence--believing you are better than you are in reality--is advantageous because it serves to increase ambition, morale, resolve, persistence or the credibility of bluffing, generating a self-fulfilling prophecy in which exaggerated confidence actually increases the probability of success. However, overconfidence also leads to faulty assessments, unrealistic expectations and hazardous decisions, so it remains a puzzle how such a false belief could evolve or remain stable in a population of competing strategies that include accurate, unbiased beliefs. Here we present an evolutionary model showing that, counterintuitively, overconfidence maximizes individual fitness and populations tend to become overconfident, as long as benefits from contested resources are sufficiently large compared with the cost of competition. In contrast, unbiased strategies are only stable under limited conditions. The fact that overconfident populations are evolutionarily stable in a wide range of environments may help to explain why overconfidence remains prevalent today, even if it contributes to hubris, market bubbles, financial collapses, policy failures, disasters and costly wars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Dominic D P -- Fowler, James H -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 14;477(7364):317-20. doi: 10.1038/nature10384.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Politics and International Relations, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK. dominic.johnson@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Assertiveness ; *Biological Evolution ; Character ; Competitive Behavior ; Conflict (Psychology) ; Decision Making ; Game Theory ; Genetic Fitness ; Humans ; *Illusions ; *Personality ; Risk ; Selection, Genetic ; Self-Assessment
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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