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  • 1
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    Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-13
    Description: In an adaptive immune response, naive T cells proliferate during infection and generate long-lived memory cells that undergo secondary expansion after a repeat encounter with the same pathogen. Although natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been classified as cells of the innate immune system, they share many similarities with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We use a mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100-fold in the spleen and 1,000-fold in the liver after infection. After a contraction phase, Ly49H-positive NK cells reside in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs for several months. These self-renewing 'memory' NK cells rapidly degranulate and produce cytokines on reactivation. Adoptive transfer of these NK cells into naive animals followed by viral challenge results in a robust secondary expansion and protective immunity. These findings reveal properties of NK cells that were previously attributed only to cells of the adaptive immune system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674434/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674434/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Joseph C -- Beilke, Joshua N -- Lanier, Lewis L -- AI068129/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068129/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068129-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):557-61. doi: 10.1038/nature07665. Epub 2009 Jan 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency/genetics ; Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*cytology/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Congenic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Models, Immunological ; Muromegalovirus/immunology/physiology ; Phenotype ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Inhibition of the BRAF(V600E) oncoprotein by the small-molecule drug PLX4032 (vemurafenib) is highly effective in the treatment of melanoma. However, colon cancer patients harbouring the same BRAF(V600E) oncogenic lesion have poor prognosis and show only a very limited response to this drug. To investigate the cause of the limited therapeutic effect of PLX4032 in BRAF(V600E) mutant colon tumours, here we performed an RNA-interference-based genetic screen in human cells to search for kinases whose knockdown synergizes with BRAF(V600E) inhibition. We report that blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) shows strong synergy with BRAF(V600E) inhibition. We find in multiple BRAF(V600E) mutant colon cancers that inhibition of EGFR by the antibody drug cetuximab or the small-molecule drugs gefitinib or erlotinib is strongly synergistic with BRAF(V600E) inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we find that BRAF(V600E) inhibition causes a rapid feedback activation of EGFR, which supports continued proliferation in the presence of BRAF(V600E) inhibition. Melanoma cells express low levels of EGFR and are therefore not subject to this feedback activation. Consistent with this, we find that ectopic expression of EGFR in melanoma cells is sufficient to cause resistance to PLX4032. Our data suggest that BRAF(V600E) mutant colon cancers (approximately 8-10% of all colon cancers), for which there are currently no targeted treatment options available, might benefit from combination therapy consisting of BRAF and EGFR inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prahallad, Anirudh -- Sun, Chong -- Huang, Sidong -- Di Nicolantonio, Federica -- Salazar, Ramon -- Zecchin, Davide -- Beijersbergen, Roderick L -- Bardelli, Alberto -- Bernards, Rene -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 26;483(7387):100-3. doi: 10.1038/nature10868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cetuximab ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Feedback, Physiological/*drug effects ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Melanoma/drug therapy/metabolism ; Mice ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Quinazolines/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; RNA Interference ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 3
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    Single-chip microprocessor that communicates directly using light (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-25
    Description: Data transport across short electrical wires is limited by both bandwidth and power density, which creates a performance bottleneck for semiconductor microchips in modern computer systems--from mobile phones to large-scale data centres. These limitations can be overcome by using optical communications based on chip-scale electronic-photonic systems enabled by silicon-based nanophotonic devices. However, combining electronics and photonics on the same chip has proved challenging, owing to microchip manufacturing conflicts between electronics and photonics. Consequently, current electronic-photonic chips are limited to niche manufacturing processes and include only a few optical devices alongside simple circuits. Here we report an electronic-photonic system on a single chip integrating over 70 million transistors and 850 photonic components that work together to provide logic, memory, and interconnect functions. This system is a realization of a microprocessor that uses on-chip photonic devices to directly communicate with other chips using light. To integrate electronics and photonics at the scale of a microprocessor chip, we adopt a 'zero-change' approach to the integration of photonics. Instead of developing a custom process to enable the fabrication of photonics, which would complicate or eliminate the possibility of integration with state-of-the-art transistors at large scale and at high yield, we design optical devices using a standard microelectronics foundry process that is used for modern microprocessors. This demonstration could represent the beginning of an era of chip-scale electronic-photonic systems with the potential to transform computing system architectures, enabling more powerful computers, from network infrastructure to data centres and supercomputers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Chen -- Wade, Mark T -- Lee, Yunsup -- Orcutt, Jason S -- Alloatti, Luca -- Georgas, Michael S -- Waterman, Andrew S -- Shainline, Jeffrey M -- Avizienis, Rimas R -- Lin, Sen -- Moss, Benjamin R -- Kumar, Rajesh -- Pavanello, Fabio -- Atabaki, Amir H -- Cook, Henry M -- Ou, Albert J -- Leu, Jonathan C -- Chen, Yu-Hsin -- Asanovic, Krste -- Ram, Rajeev J -- Popovic, Milos A -- Stojanovic, Vladimir M -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):534-8. doi: 10.1038/nature16454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26701054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Structural insight into substrate preference for TET-mediated oxidation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-03
    Description: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are involved in DNA demethylation through iteratively oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Here we show that human TET1 and TET2 are more active on 5mC-DNA than 5hmC/5fC-DNA substrates. We determine the crystal structures of TET2-5hmC-DNA and TET2-5fC-DNA complexes at 1.80 A and 1.97 A resolution, respectively. The cytosine portion of 5hmC/5fC is specifically recognized by TET2 in a manner similar to that of 5mC in the TET2-5mC-DNA structure, and the pyrimidine base of 5mC/5hmC/5fC adopts an almost identical conformation within the catalytic cavity. However, the hydroxyl group of 5hmC and carbonyl group of 5fC face towards the opposite direction because the hydroxymethyl group of 5hmC and formyl group of 5fC adopt restrained conformations through forming hydrogen bonds with the 1-carboxylate of NOG and N4 exocyclic nitrogen of cytosine, respectively. Biochemical analyses indicate that the substrate preference of TET2 results from the different efficiencies of hydrogen abstraction in TET2-mediated oxidation. The restrained conformation of 5hmC and 5fC within the catalytic cavity may prevent their abstractable hydrogen(s) adopting a favourable orientation for hydrogen abstraction and thus result in low catalytic efficiency. Our studies demonstrate that the substrate preference of TET2 results from the intrinsic value of its substrates at their 5mC derivative groups and suggest that 5hmC is relatively stable and less prone to further oxidation by TET proteins. Therefore, TET proteins are evolutionarily tuned to be less reactive towards 5hmC and facilitate the generation of 5hmC as a potentially stable mark for regulatory functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Lulu -- Lu, Junyan -- Cheng, Jingdong -- Rao, Qinhui -- Li, Ze -- Hou, Haifeng -- Lou, Zhiyong -- Zhang, Lei -- Li, Wei -- Gong, Wei -- Liu, Mengjie -- Sun, Chang -- Yin, Xiaotong -- Li, Jie -- Tan, Xiangshi -- Wang, Pengcheng -- Wang, Yinsheng -- Fang, Dong -- Cui, Qiang -- Yang, Pengyuan -- He, Chuan -- Jiang, Hualiang -- Luo, Cheng -- Xu, Yanhui -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):118-22. doi: 10.1038/nature15713. Epub 2015 Oct 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. ; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. ; Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. ; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA. ; Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 5
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    Expression of barley SUSIBA2 transcription factor yields high-starch low-methane rice (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-23
    Description: Atmospheric methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, and is responsible for about 20% of the global warming effect since pre-industrial times. Rice paddies are the largest anthropogenic methane source and produce 7-17% of atmospheric methane. Warm waterlogged soil and exuded nutrients from rice roots provide ideal conditions for methanogenesis in paddies with annual methane emissions of 25-100-million tonnes. This scenario will be exacerbated by an expansion in rice cultivation needed to meet the escalating demand for food in the coming decades. There is an urgent need to establish sustainable technologies for increasing rice production while reducing methane fluxes from rice paddies. However, ongoing efforts for methane mitigation in rice paddies are mainly based on farming practices and measures that are difficult to implement. Despite proposed strategies to increase rice productivity and reduce methane emissions, no high-starch low-methane-emission rice has been developed. Here we show that the addition of a single transcription factor gene, barley SUSIBA2 (refs 7, 8), conferred a shift of carbon flux to SUSIBA2 rice, favouring the allocation of photosynthates to aboveground biomass over allocation to roots. The altered allocation resulted in an increased biomass and starch content in the seeds and stems, and suppressed methanogenesis, possibly through a reduction in root exudates. Three-year field trials in China demonstrated that the cultivation of SUSIBA2 rice was associated with a significant reduction in methane emissions and a decrease in rhizospheric methanogen levels. SUSIBA2 rice offers a sustainable means of providing increased starch content for food production while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation. Approaches to increase rice productivity and reduce methane emissions as seen in SUSIBA2 rice may be particularly beneficial in a future climate with rising temperatures resulting in increased methane emissions from paddies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, J -- Hu, C -- Yan, X -- Jin, Y -- Chen, Z -- Guan, Q -- Wang, Y -- Zhong, D -- Jansson, C -- Wang, F -- Schnurer, A -- Sun, C -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):602-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14673. Epub 2015 Jul 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China [2] Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. ; 1] Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden [2] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. ; Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China. ; The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K8-93 Richland, Washington 99352, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/methods/trends ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Carbon Cycle ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Food Supply/methods ; Genotype ; Global Warming/prevention & control ; Greenhouse Effect/*prevention & control ; Hordeum/*genetics ; Methane/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Components, Aerial/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Rhizosphere ; Seeds/metabolism ; Starch/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 6
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    OTUD7B controls non-canonical NF-kappaB activation through deubiquitination of TRAF3 (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-22
    Description: The non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway forms a major arm of NF-kappaB signalling that mediates important biological functions, including lymphoid organogenesis, B-lymphocyte function, and cell growth and survival. Activation of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway involves degradation of an inhibitory protein, TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), but how this signalling event is controlled is still unknown. Here we have identified the deubiquitinase OTUD7B as a pivotal regulator of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway. OTUD7B deficiency in mice has no appreciable effect on canonical NF-kappaB activation but causes hyperactivation of non-canonical NF-kappaB. In response to non-canonical NF-kappaB stimuli, OTUD7B binds and deubiquitinates TRAF3, thereby inhibiting TRAF3 proteolysis and preventing aberrant non-canonical NF-kappaB activation. Consequently, the OTUD7B deficiency results in B-cell hyper-responsiveness to antigens, lymphoid follicular hyperplasia in the intestinal mucosa, and elevated host-defence ability against an intestinal bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. These findings establish OTUD7B as a crucial regulator of signal-induced non-canonical NF-kappaB activation and indicate a mechanism of immune regulation that involves OTUD7B-mediated deubiquitination and stabilization of TRAF3.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3578967/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3578967/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Hongbo -- Brittain, George C -- Chang, Jae-Hoon -- Puebla-Osorio, Nahum -- Jin, Jin -- Zal, Anna -- Xiao, Yichuan -- Cheng, Xuhong -- Chang, Mikyoung -- Fu, Yang-Xin -- Zal, Tomasz -- Zhu, Chengming -- Sun, Shao-Cong -- AI057555/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI064639/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA137059/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM84459/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA137059/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084459/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32CA009598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 21;494(7437):371-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11831. Epub 2013 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Bacteria/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Endopeptidases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intestines/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Proteolysis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/*metabolism ; *Ubiquitination
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  • 7
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    Reversible and adaptive resistance to BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Treatment of BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma by small molecule drugs that target the BRAF or MEK kinases can be effective, but resistance develops invariably. In contrast, colon cancers that harbour the same BRAF(V600E) mutation are intrinsically resistant to BRAF inhibitors, due to feedback activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Here we show that 6 out of 16 melanoma tumours analysed acquired EGFR expression after the development of resistance to BRAF or MEK inhibitors. Using a chromatin-regulator-focused short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library, we find that suppression of sex determining region Y-box 10 (SOX10) in melanoma causes activation of TGF-beta signalling, thus leading to upregulation of EGFR and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRB), which confer resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Expression of EGFR in melanoma or treatment with TGF-beta results in a slow-growth phenotype with cells displaying hallmarks of oncogene-induced senescence. However, EGFR expression or exposure to TGF-beta becomes beneficial for proliferation in the presence of BRAF or MEK inhibitors. In a heterogeneous population of melanoma cells having varying levels of SOX10 suppression, cells with low SOX10 and consequently high EGFR expression are rapidly enriched in the presence of drug, but this is reversed when the drug treatment is discontinued. We find evidence for SOX10 loss and/or activation of TGF-beta signalling in 4 of the 6 EGFR-positive drug-resistant melanoma patient samples. Our findings provide a rationale for why some BRAF or MEK inhibitor-resistant melanoma patients may regain sensitivity to these drugs after a 'drug holiday' and identify patients with EGFR-positive melanoma as a group that may benefit from re-treatment after a drug holiday.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Chong -- Wang, Liqin -- Huang, Sidong -- Heynen, Guus J J E -- Prahallad, Anirudh -- Robert, Caroline -- Haanen, John -- Blank, Christian -- Wesseling, Jelle -- Willems, Stefan M -- Zecchin, Davide -- Hobor, Sebastijan -- Bajpe, Prashanth K -- Lieftink, Cor -- Mateus, Christina -- Vagner, Stephan -- Grernrum, Wipawadee -- Hofland, Ingrid -- Schlicker, Andreas -- Wessels, Lodewyk F A -- Beijersbergen, Roderick L -- Bardelli, Alberto -- Di Nicolantonio, Federica -- Eggermont, Alexander M M -- Bernards, Rene -- MOP-130540/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 3;508(7494):118-22. doi: 10.1038/nature13121. Epub 2014 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Systems Biology Centre and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2]. ; 1] Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Systems Biology Centre and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Biochemistry, The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada [3]. ; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Systems Biology Centre and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France. ; Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Systems Biology Centre and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Division of Pathology, Cancer Systems Biology Centre and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; 1] Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Systems Biology Centre and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ; 1] University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Str prov 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str prov 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy. ; Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str prov 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy. ; 1] University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Str prov 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str prov 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy [3] FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), 20139 Milano, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Cell Aging/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects/genetics ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Indoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Melanoma/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; SOXE Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sulfonamides/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 8
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    RNA viruses can hijack vertebrate microRNAs to suppress innate immunity (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-20
    Description: Currently, there is little evidence for a notable role of the vertebrate microRNA (miRNA) system in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses. This is primarily attributed to the ease with which these viruses mutate to disrupt recognition and growth suppression by host miRNAs. Here we report that the haematopoietic-cell-specific miRNA miR-142-3p potently restricts the replication of the mosquito-borne North American eastern equine encephalitis virus in myeloid-lineage cells by binding to sites in the 3' non-translated region of its RNA genome. However, by limiting myeloid cell tropism and consequent innate immunity induction, this restriction directly promotes neurologic disease manifestations characteristic of eastern equine encephalitis virus infection in humans. Furthermore, the region containing the miR-142-3p binding sites is essential for efficient virus infection of mosquito vectors. We propose that RNA viruses can adapt to use antiviral properties of vertebrate miRNAs to limit replication in particular cell types and that this restriction can lead to exacerbation of disease severity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349380/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349380/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trobaugh, Derek W -- Gardner, Christina L -- Sun, Chengqun -- Haddow, Andrew D -- Wang, Eryu -- Chapnik, Elik -- Mildner, Alexander -- Weaver, Scott C -- Ryman, Kate D -- Klimstra, William B -- AI049820-10/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI060525-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI083383/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083383/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI095436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI060525/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI081680/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 13;506(7487):245-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12869. Epub 2013 Dec 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. ; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. ; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Alphavirus Infections/immunology/pathology/virology ; Animals ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Culicidae/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/genetics/growth & ; development/*immunology/*pathogenicity ; Female ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; *Immune Evasion/genetics ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Insect Vectors/virology ; Male ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/metabolism ; Myeloid Cells/immunology/virology ; Organ Specificity ; Virus Replication/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Potentiating the antitumour response of CD8(+) T cells by modulating cholesterol metabolism (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-17
    Description: CD8(+) T cells have a central role in antitumour immunity, but their activity is suppressed in the tumour microenvironment. Reactivating the cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T cells is of great clinical interest in cancer immunotherapy. Here we report a new mechanism by which the antitumour response of mouse CD8(+) T cells can be potentiated by modulating cholesterol metabolism. Inhibiting cholesterol esterification in T cells by genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ACAT1, a key cholesterol esterification enzyme, led to potentiated effector function and enhanced proliferation of CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells. This is due to the increase in the plasma membrane cholesterol level of CD8(+) T cells, which causes enhanced T-cell receptor clustering and signalling as well as more efficient formation of the immunological synapse. ACAT1-deficient CD8(+) T cells were better than wild-type CD8(+) T cells at controlling melanoma growth and metastasis in mice. We used the ACAT inhibitor avasimibe, which was previously tested in clinical trials for treating atherosclerosis and showed a good human safety profile, to treat melanoma in mice and observed a good antitumour effect. A combined therapy of avasimibe plus an anti-PD-1 antibody showed better efficacy than monotherapies in controlling tumour progression. ACAT1, an established target for atherosclerosis, is therefore also a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851431/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851431/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Wei -- Bai, Yibing -- Xiong, Ying -- Zhang, Jin -- Chen, Shuokai -- Zheng, Xiaojun -- Meng, Xiangbo -- Li, Lunyi -- Wang, Jing -- Xu, Chenguang -- Yan, Chengsong -- Wang, Lijuan -- Chang, Catharine C Y -- Chang, Ta-Yuan -- Zhang, Ti -- Zhou, Penghui -- Song, Bao-Liang -- Liu, Wanli -- Sun, Shao-cong -- Liu, Xiaolong -- Li, Bo-liang -- Xu, Chenqi -- HL 60306./HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL060306/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):651-5. doi: 10.1038/nature17412. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Science Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Haven 03755, USA. ; Rheumatology and Immunology Department of ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China. ; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China. ; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Esterification/drug effects ; Female ; Immunological Synapses/drug effects/immunology/metabolism ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Male ; Melanoma/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sulfonic Acids/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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